| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Perennial, green root-parasites
Stems decumbent to erect, generally 1–several from generally short caudex
Leaves alternate, generally ± basal, generally < inflorescence, crenate to divided, generally reduced upward; petiole generally < blade
Inflorescence: raceme, spike-like; bracts (at least lower) generally ± like upper leaves; pedicels 1–6 mm
Flower: calyx lobes (2,4) generally 5, uppermost generally shortest (all generally < tube), lateral fused in pairs; corolla white or yellow to red or purple, upper lip hood-, beak-, or trunk-like, lower lip 3-lobed, narrow to fan-shaped, central lobe generally smallest; fertile stamens 4, generally glabrous, anthers generally included; stigma head-like, generally exserted
Fruit loculicidal, generally ± ovoid, asymmetric, opening mostly on upper side
Seed smooth or netted
Species in genus: ± 500 species: cool wet n temp, circumboreal, South America
Etymology: (Latin: lice, from belief that ingestion by stock promoted lice infestation)
Reference: [Macior 1977 Bull Torrey Bot Club 104: 148–154]
| Native |
Plant generally ± hairy
Stem 10–30 cm
Leaves: basal 3–26 cm, > inflorescence, oblong-lanceolate, segments 15–25, oblong to ovate, doubly toothed to lobed
Inflorescence 2–6 cm; lower bracts > flowers
Flower: calyx 10–14 mm, tomentose; corolla 17–24 mm, ± club-like, light pink to purple, marked darker, glabrous, upper lip 9–11 mm, hooded, lower lip 4–7 mm, lobes acute, ± equal; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm, generally included, bases acute
Fruit 8–13 mm
Seed 3.5–5 mm, netted
Ecology: Coastal chaparral or forest
Elevation: < 350 m.
Bioregional distribution: Central Western California (except Outer South Coast Ranges).Widely scattered. Plants from c CCo (Arroyo de la Cruz, San Luis Obispo Co.) warrant further study (smaller, leaves < inflorescence, anthers often exserted with bases somewhat acuminate); also like P. semibarbata but filaments glabrous.