TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to shrubs, generally glandular, some green root-parasites
Stem generally round
Leaves generally alternate, simple, generally ± entire; stipules generally 0
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 12 in axils
Flower bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed); stamens generally 4 in 2 pairs, generally included, a 5th (generally uppermost) sometimes present as a staminode; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers generally 2, placentas axile, style 1, stigma lobes generally 2
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal or septicidal
Seed: coat sculpture often characteristic
Genera in family: ± 200 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated as ornamental (e.g., Antirrhinum, Mimulus, Penstemon ) or medicinal (Digitalis )
Recent taxonomic note: Recently treated to include only Buddleja, Scrophularia, and Verbascum in CA; other genera moved to Orobanchaceae (Castilleja, Cordylanthus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis, Triphysaria), Phrymaceae (Mimulus), and Plantaginaceae (= Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al.)
Key to genera by Elizabeth Chase Neese & Margriet Wetherwax.
Annual to subshrub, green root-parasites
Leaves sessile, entire to dissected
Inflorescence spike-like; bracts becoming shorter, wider, more lobed than leaves, tips generally colored
Flower: calyx generally unequally 4-lobed, generally colored like bract tips; corolla upper lip beak-like, tip open, lower lip generally reduced, 3-toothed to -pouched; stamens 4; anther sacs 2, unequal; stigma entire to 2-lobed, generally exserted
Fruit loculicidal, ± ovoid, ± asymmetric
Seed generally ± brown, attached at base; coat netted, net-like walls sometimes aligned ladder-like
Species in genus: ± 200 species: especially w North America
Etymology: (Domingo Castillejo, Spanish botanist)
Reference: [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644666]
Highly variable within and between populations.Hybridization and polyploidy common; polyploid forms may have separate ranges or be ± identifiable within populations by minor characters. Biologically consistent taxa very difficult to define
Horticultural information: TRY with host; usually DFCLT.
Native |
Perennial 1080 cm, few-branched, green to dusty, generally very short-glandular-sticky-hairy and long-nonglandular-hairy
Stems generally ± few
Leaf 2070 mm, ± lanceolate, generally wavy-margined; lobes 03
Inflorescence 520 cm; bracts 1525 mm, lobes 07, bright red to yellowish
Flower: calyx 1325 mm, divided 1/31/2 in back and front, ± 1/8 on sides, lobes acute to rounded; corolla 2040 mm, beak ± = tube, back puberulent, margins reddish, lower lip 13 mm, dark green, included or exserted; stigma slightly 2-lobed, well exserted
Fruit 815 mm
Seed 11.5 mm; coat shallowly netted, loose-fitting, side walls ladder-like
Ecology: Dry open forest or scrub
Elevation: 3003600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, e San Francisco Bay Area, Inner South Coast Ranges, Southwestern California, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, n Baja California
Highly variable complex (other subspp. outside CA), unique in combination of glandular-sticky herbage and wavy leaf margins.
Native |
Stem 3080 cm
Leaf: lobes 03
Flower: calyx 1218 mm, divided > 1/3 in back and front, ± 1/6 on sides, lobes acute; corolla 2535 mm, beak 1418 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=24
Ecology: Open coniferous forest
Elevation: 20003000 m.
Bioregional distribution: c&s High Sierra Nevada
Synonyms: C. d. Eastw
Intergrades with subsp. pinetorum.