| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0–many, free; stamens generally 10–many; pistils 1–many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1–many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1–many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:24–27]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1–few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
| Introduced |
Annual 1–6(10) cm, scapose
Stem decumbent to erect; branches 0–few, at base
Leaves basal, tomentose; petioles < 3 cm, blades 0.5–3 cm, ovate, 2–3-dissected, segments linear, ± entire
Flower: receptacle tomentose; sepals 2–8 mm, persistent in fruit, tomentose; petals 2–5, 3–8 mm, 1–4.5 mm wide, early deciduous
Fruits many; cluster ovoid to spheric; body 1.5–2.5 mm, plump, with 2 lateral bulges, finely tomentose or glabrous; beak 3–4 mm, spine-like, ± straight
Ecology: Waste areas, overgrazed pastures, scrub
Elevation: 1400–2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Cascade Range, s High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province, expected elsewhere
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Colorado; native to Eurasia
Flowering time: Apr–Jun
Synonyms: Ceratocephala t. (Crantz) Roth
TOXIC to livestock .