| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to perennial herb, ± branched
Leaves alternate; lower generally deeply 1–2-lobed, segments generally narrow; upper reduced
Inflorescence: heads discoid (sterile outer flowers sometimes ± ray-like); involucre cylindric to hemispheric; phyllaries many, graded, generally ± ovate, scarious-margined, tip appendages fringed to spiny; receptacle flat, long-bristly
Flowers: inner fruiting; anther bases tailed, tips oblong; style top minutely hairy, tips minutely branched
Fruit ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, attached ± at side; pappus generally of stiff, unequal bristles or narrow scales
Species in genus: ± 500 species: especially Eurasia, n Africa (± 2 North America); some cultivated (waifs may including C. cineraria L., C. eriophora L., C. jacea L., C. moschata L., C. muricata L., C. salmantica L.)
Etymology: (Greek: ancient name)
Weedy.
| Introduced |
Biennial 3–10 dm, ± gray-tomentose
Leaves resin-dotted; lower 10–15 cm, ± deeply 1–2-lobed
Inflorescence open; heads generally many; involucre 10–13 mm, ovoid; phyllaries pale green or pink-tinged, prominently parallel-veined, appendages fringed with slender, dark teeth
Flowers 30–40; corollas 12–25 mm, white to pink or purple, sterile corollas ± slender
Fruit 3–3.5 mm, ± pale brown, finely hairy; pappus bristles 1–2 mm, white
Chromosomes: 2n=18,36
Ecology: Disturbed areas
Elevation: < 2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, n Sacramento Valley, n Central Western California, s Peninsular Ranges, Modoc Plateau, n East of Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: native to Europe
Flowering time: Summer
Weedy.