TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Perennial from woody caudex or rhizome, branched above
Leaves alternate, resinous, often sessile
Inflorescence: heads radiate, fewmany, in ± flat-topped to panicle-like, often ± 1-sided clusters; involucre cylindric to bell-shaped (wider when dry); phyllaries in 35 graduated, overlapping series, midrib generally ± swollen, translucent
Ray flowers fewmany; ligules yellow
Disk flowers fewmany; corollas yellow, generally glabrous; style branches finely papillate, appendage triangular
Fruit obconic, compressed; pappus of 2545 long-barbed bristles in 1 series
Species in genus: ± 150 species: especially North America (South America, Eurasia)
Etymology: (Greek: make-well, from purported medicinal value)
Reference: [Semple et al. 1990 Can J Bot 68:20702082]
Native |
Plant ± glabrous
Stems < 21 dm, often stout, from short, branched caudex
Leaves: lowest largest, 525 cm, generally < 10 X longer than wide, entire, often ± fleshy, base nearly sheathing; uppermost sometimes scale-like or with axillary leaf-clusters
Inflorescence panicle-like; heads generally many; involucre 2.54 mm; phyllaries very narrowly triangular, inrolled near tip, sharply acute, outer 1/32/3 length inner; midrib generally enlarged, translucent
Ray flowers 313; ligules 12.5 mm
Disk flowers 1020; corollas ± 34 mm
Fruit 11.5 mm, ± strigose
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Wet streambanks, springs, marshes
Elevation: generally < 2500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Tehachapi Mountain Area, Central Coast (formerly San Francisco Bay Area), South Coast Ranges, Southwestern California, White and Inyo Mountains, n Desert Mountains
Flowering time: JulOct
Involucres of n DMtns plants like those of S. spectabilis.