ASTERACEAE

SUNFLOWER FAMILY

David J. Keil, Family Editor and author, except as specified

Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.

DUGALDIA

Perennial, glabrous to densely hairy
Stems erect
Leaves simple, basal and cauline, alternate; lower wing-petioled; upper sessile; blade 3-veined
Inflorescence: heads large, radiate, 2–15 in ± flat-topped cymes; peduncles short to long; involucre disk-like or widely bell-shaped; phyllaries in 2 series; receptacle ovoid to spheric, naked
Ray flowers 14–35; ligules yellow to orange, elongated, 3–4-lobed
Disk flowers many; corollas yellow; tips of style branches truncate, shrub-like
Fruit oblong, 4-angled; hairs straight; pappus of 5–7 lanceolate scales
Species in genus: 3 species: w US to C.Am
Recent taxonomic note: *For revised taxonomy see Bierner 1994 Sida 16:1–8.
Etymology: (Dugald Stewart, Scotland, 1753–1828)
Reference: [Bierner 1974 Brittonia 26:385–392]