TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary in axils; bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial, opening at dawn or dusk; hypanthium sometimes prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals generally 4(27); petals generally 4 (or as many as sepals, rarely 0), often "fading" darker; stamens generally 4 or 8(2), anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen generally interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally 4 (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, or hemispheric
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like)
Seeds sometimes winged or hair-tufted
Genera in family: 15 genera, ± 650 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Oenothera )
Reference: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1278]
Annual to subshrub
Leaves generally opposite below (or clustered in axils), generally ± fine-toothed; veins generally obscure
Inflorescence: generally raceme, bracted
Flower radial or ± bilateral; sepals 4, erect; petals 4, generally notched; stamens 8, anthers attached at middle, pollen grains generally shed in 4's, generally cream-yellow; ovary chambers 4, stigma generally club-like
Fruit straight, cylindric to club-like
Seeds generally in 1 row per chamber, generally with white, deciduous hair-tuft
Species in genus: 171 species: worldwide except tropical
Recent taxonomic note: Epilobium angustifolium, Epilobium latifolium now treated in Chamerion. See Hoch 1999 Flora of Japan IIc: 241; Baum et al. 1994 Syst Bot 19:363388.
Etymology: (Greek: upon pod, from inferior ovary)
Reference: [Raven 1976 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 63:326340]
Incl Boisduvalia , Zauschneria. Most taxa polyploid; many with anthers ± = stigma self-pollinated; many hybrids.
Native |
Perennial < 7 dm, clumped from woody caudex, ± glaucous to densely strigose
Leaves alternate, 10100 mm, elliptic to widely lanceolate, glabrous or hairy on margins and veins, subobtuse to acute; petiole 03 mm
Inflorescence generally ± strigose; bracts leaf-like
Flower: bud nodding; hypanthium 0 (except as greenish disk); sepals 1024 mm; petals 1332 mm, (white) pink to rose-purple, entire; stamens subequal, ± = pistil, maturing before stigma; pollen grayish, shed singly; stigma 4-lobed
Fruit 30105 mm, subglabrous to gray-hairy; pedicel 518 mm
Seed 1.32.4 mm, irregularly netted; hairs persistent
Chromosomes: 2n=36(CA),72
Ecology: Gravel bars, talus slopes, glacial outwashes
Elevation: 25003100 m.
Bioregional distribution: n&c High Sierra Nevada
Distribution outside California: ± circumboreal
Recent taxonomic note: Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub
Horticultural information: DRN, IRR: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16; DFCLT.