TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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Annual to tree
Leaves generally compound, alternate, stipuled; leaflets generally entire
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; flowers sometime 12 in axils
Flowers generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium generally flat or cup-like; sepals generally 5, fused; petals generally 5, free, or the 2 lower ± fused; stamens 1many, often 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1many, style, stigma 1
Fruit: legume, sometimes including a stalk-like base above receptacle, dehiscent, or indehiscent and breaking into 1-seeded segments, or indehiscent, 1-seeded, and achene-like
Seeds 1several, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth
Genera in family: ± 650 genera, 18,000 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture and most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis , peanut; Glycine , soybean; Phaseolus , beans; Medicago ; Trifolium ; and many orns
Reference: [Polhill & Raven (eds) 1981 Advances in legume systematics; Allen & Allen 1981 Leguminosae]
Family description and key to genera by Duane Isely.
Annual or perennial herb, unarmed
Leaves generally palmately compound; stipules conspicuous, partly fused to petiole; leaflets generally 3, sometimes 59, ± serrate or dentate
Inflorescence: raceme (often umbel-like), head, or spike, axillary or terminal, generally many-flowered, often involucred, generally peduncled; flowers bracted or not
Flower generally spreading to erect, often becoming reflexed; corolla generally purple to pale lavender, sometimes yellow, persistent after flower; 9 filaments fused, 1 free
Fruit generally indehiscent, but often breaking, short, plump, generally included in corolla; base often stalk-like
Seeds 16
Etymology: (Latin: 3 leaves)
Reference: [Gillett 1980 Can J Bot 58:14251558; Zohary & Heller 1984 Genus Trifolium]
Native |
Perennial, short-tufted or cushion-forming, soft-hairy or tomentose, silvery or gray
Stem 0 (peduncle ascending or erect)
Leaves basal; stipules entire, persistent; leaflets 37, 520 mm, oblanceolate to obovate, entire
Inflorescence head-like, 1.52.5 cm wide; pedicel 0.51 mm
Flower: calyx 810 mm, lobes slender, > tube, plumose, hairs ± 1 mm; corolla 1015 mm, pink-purple or 2-colored
Seeds 12
Chromosomes: 2n=16
Ecology: Meadows, talus, washes, yellow-pine forest, rocky alpine slopes
Elevation: 9004000 m.
Bioregional distribution: n High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: se Oregon, Nevada
Native |
Leaf: leaflets generally 0.51.4 cm; longer petiole hairs 0.41.2 mm
Inflorescence > leaves, generally exserted; peduncle 210 cm
Ecology: Washes, talus, pine forest to alpine slopes
Elevation: 13004000 m.
Bioregional distribution: East of Sierra Nevada (Mono Co.)
Distribution outside California: Nevada
Flowering time: MayAug
Synonyms: T. monoense Greene