| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Perennial, shrub, tree
Stem: bark often peeling distinctively
Leaves simple, generally cauline, alternate, opposite, rarely whorled, evergreen or deciduous, often leathery, petioled or not; stipules 0
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, cyme, or flowers solitary, generally bracted; pedicels often with 2 bractlets
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; sepals generally 4–5, generally free; petals generally 4–5, free or fused; stamens 8–10, free, filaments rarely appendaged, anthers awned or not, dehiscent by pores or slits; nectary generally at ovary base, disk-like; ovary superior or inferior, chambers generally 1–5, placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma head- to funnel-like or lobed
Fruit: capsule, drupe, berry
Seeds generally many, sometimes winged
Genera in family: ± 100 genera, 3000 species: generally worldwide except deserts; some cultivated, especially Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Rhododendron, Vaccinium
Reference: [Wallace 1975 Wasmann J Biol 33:1–88; 1975 Bot Not 128:286–298]
Subfamilies Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Vaccinioideae sometimes treated as families. Nongreen plants obtain nutrition from green plants through fungal intermediates.
Species in genus: 1 sp
Etymology: (Greek: straight spiral, from 1-sided raceme)
Reference: [Haber & Cruise 1974 Can J Bot 52:877–883]
Traditionally placed in Pyrola.
| Native |
Perennial, sometimes ± shrubby, < 20 cm, evergreen; rhizomed
Leaves ± cauline, generally near base, 1.5–6 cm, ovate-elliptic, leathery or not, entire to finely round-toothed, petioled
Inflorescence: raceme, 1-sided, arching, becoming erect in fruit; peduncle densely papillate; bracts several, generally lanceolate
Flower radial, ± closed, parts in 5's, free; petals with 2 basal tubercles on upper surface, greenish to cream-white; stamens 10, filaments ± narrow throughout, glabrous, anther pores not on tubes; disk present; ovary superior, style straight, exserted, stigma peltate, lobes 5, shallow, domed
Fruit: capsule, pendent; valves opening from base to tip, margins fibrous
Chromosomes: 2n=38
Ecology: Dry, shady, conifer forests
Elevation: 1000–3200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, s High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, San Jacinto Mountains, Warner Mountains
Distribution outside California: circumboreal, subarctic, N.America, C.America, Eurasia
Synonyms: Pyrola s. L