| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, biennial, perennial herb, rarely dioecious, taprooted or rhizome generally slender
Leaves simple, generally opposite; stipules generally 0; petiole generally 0; blade entire, sheath generally 0
Inflorescence: cyme, generally open; flowers few–many or flower solitary and axillary; involucre generally 0
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium sometimes present; sepals generally 5, ± free or fused into a tube, tube generally herbaceous between lobes or teeth; awns generally 0; petals generally 5 or 0, generally tapered to base (or with claw long, blade expanded), entire to 2–several-lobed, blade generally without scale-like appendages (inner surface), generally without ear-like lobes at base; stamens generally 10, generally fertile, generally free, generally from ovary base; nectaries generally 0; ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, placentas basal or free-central, styles 2–5 or 1 and 2–3-branched
Fruit: capsule or utricle (rarely modified, dehiscent), generally sessile
Seeds: appendage generally 0
Genera in family: 85 genera, 2400 species: widespread, especially arctic, alpine, temp, n hemisphere; some cultivated (Agrostemma, Arenaria, Cerastium, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, Silene, Vaccaria ).
Annual, biennial, perennial herb, ± erect, rarely dioecious, taprooted or rhizomed
Leaves petioled or not; blade linear to oblanceolate; vein 1
Inflorescence: cyme, generally terminal, sometimes axillary, open to dense; flowers few–many, generally erect, generally with pedicels 5–40+ mm
Flower generally bisexual; sepals 5, fused, tube prominent, 4–25 mm, 2–13 mm diam, cylindric to bell-shaped, rounded, hairs various or 0, veins generally 10+, lobes or teeth 1–13 mm, < tube, triangular to linear; petals 5, 6–48 mm, claw long, blade entire or 2–6-lobed, appendages 0–6 at junction of claw and blade; basal lobes present or 0; stamens generally fertile, fused with petals to stalk; ovary chamber 1 or ± incompletely 3–5, styles 3–5, 1–35 mm
Fruit: capsule, cylindric to ovoid; stalk 0–7 mm, generally glabrous; teeth 3, 6, or 10, ascending to recurved
Seeds many, gray to red, brown, or black
Species in genus: 500 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Greek: Probably from mythological Silenus, intoxicated foster-father of Bacchus, who was covered with foam, from sticky secretions of many species)
Reference: [Hitchcock & Maguire 1947 Univ Wash Publ Biol 13:1–73; Showers 1987 Madroño 29–40]
| Native |
Perennial 30–60 cm; caudex simple or branched
Stem erect, short-soft-hairy, glandular above
Leaves gradually reduced upward; lower 5–12 cm, 7–20 mm wide, generally oblanceolate; upper 2–8.5 cm, 3–18 mm wide, oblanceolate
Inflorescence axillary and terminal; flowers ascending to erect
Flower: calyx 15–38 mm, short-glandular-hairy, 10-veined, lobes 2–4 mm; petal claw ciliate at base, appendages 2, blades 4-lobed, pink to rose-red; stamens slightly > petals; styles 3, ± = petals
Fruit oblong to ovate; stalk 4–18 mm, short-hairy
Seed 1–1.5 mm, grayish brown
Ecology: Chaparral, coniferous forest
Elevation: 700–2300 m.
Bioregional distribution: s High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau.
| Native |
Flower: calyx 15–25 mm; petal claws 12–28 mm, blades 7–15 mm
Fruit: stalk 4–7 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=48
Ecology: Habitat and range of sp
Elevation:
Bioregional distribution: s High Cascade Range, n High Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau