| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, shrub, generally fleshy
Stem underground or prostrate to erect
Leaves generally simple, generally cauline, generally opposite; stipule generally 0; blade generally glabrous, often glaucous
Inflorescence: cyme or flower solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium present; sepals 3–8; petals generally many in several whorls, free or fused at base, linear, sometimes 0; stamens 1–many, free or fused in groups, outer often petal-like; nectary a ring or separate glands; pistil 1, ovary superior to inferior, chambers 1–20, placentas generally parietal, styles 0–20, stigmas 1–20
Fruit: generally capsule, opening by flaps or circumscissile, or berry or nut
Seeds 1–many per chamber, often with aril
Genera in family: 130 genera, 2500 species: generally subtropical, especially s Africa; many cultivated, some waifs in CA (e.g., Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L. Bolus: ovary glands convex and minutely crenate, stigmas densely plumose, fruit chambers 5, seeds ovate, ± smooth; Lampranthus species: ovary glands fused, fruit chambers 5, seeds pear-shaped, ± black, rough; both genera members of Ruschieae)
Reference: [Ferren et al. 1981 Madroño 28:80–85]
Glinus, Mollugo are in Molluginaceae.
Perennial, generally short-lived; roots diffuse or tuberous
Stem underground, vertical; annual shoots prostrate to ascending
Leaves: basal rosette present; cauline leaves generally alternate, linear, ± triangular in X -section
Inflorescence: flower solitary, axillary; bracts 0
Flower 5–13 cm diam; sepals 5, ± unequal, wider at base, tip cylindric, basal margins of inner 3 papery; petals free, linear, yellow; stamens many, filament base hairy; ovary ± inferior, chambers 10–20, styles 0, stigmas 10–20, thread-like, sessile
Fruit: capsule; conic top opening by 10–20 flaps that do not spread when moistened, finally separating into 10–20 valves
Seed spheric, smooth
Species in genus: 10 species: s Africa
Etymology: (Greek: cone-shaped)
| Introduced |
Stem a single underground caudex, < 30 cm, 1–2 cm diam
Leaves: cauline scattered, crowded toward stem tip, 15–20 cm, 10–12 mm wide, gray-green, glabrous, upper surface grooved or flat
Inflorescence: peduncle < 12 cm
Flower 5–8 cm diam, shiny yellow, lasting several days; odor unpleasant
Seed 1.5–1.8 mm
Chromosomes: 2n=18
Ecology: Uncommon. Sandy places, especially coastal dunes
Elevation: < 100 m.
Bioregional distribution: Central Coast
Distribution outside California: native to s Africa
Synonyms: Mesembryanthemum p. L.; M. elongatum Haw. misapplied