Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange |
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TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Tree, shrub, monoecious
Stem: trunk < 35 m; bark ± smooth; lenticels present
Leaves simple, alternate, petioled, deciduous; stipules deciduous; blade ovate to elliptic, generally serrate, ± doubly so
Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves, often clustered; bracts each subtending 23 flowers and 36 bractlets
Staminate inflorescence pendent, ± elongate
Pistillate inflorescence pendent or erect, developing variously in fruit (see key to genera)
Staminate flower: sepals 04, minute; petals 0; stamens 110; pistil vestigial or 0
Pistillate flower: sepals 04; petals 0; stamens 0; pistil 1, ovary inferior, chambers 2, each 1-ovuled, stigmas 2
Fruit: nut or nutlet, sometimes winged, subtended or enclosed by 12 bracts
Genera in family: 6 genera, 105 species: generally n hemisphere; some cultivated.
Tree, shrub
Stem: trunk < 35 m; bark smooth, gray to brown; twigs glabrous to finely hairy, reddish gray; lenticels small; winter buds stalked, 2-scaled
Leaf glabrous to finely hairy; blade 315 cm, elliptic to ovate, base ± truncate to tapered, sometimes subcordate
Staminate inflorescence 520 cm; bracts each subtending 3 flowers and 4 bractlets
Pistillate inflorescence 520 mm; bracts each subtending 2 flowers and 4 fused bractlets
Staminate flower: sepals 4; stamens 14
Pistillate flower: sepals 0
Fruits many, in cone-like catkin, bracts 3 mm, woody, winged
Species in genus: 30 species: n hemisphere, South America
Etymology: (Latin: alder)
Reference: [Furlow 1979 Rhodora 81:1121, 151248]
Root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria; wood used for interior finishing, to smoke fish, meats.
Native |
Tree
Stem: trunk < 35 m
Leaf: blade thick, base tapered to round, tip round to acute, margin generally ± flat, upper surface green, midrib and major veins not indented, lower surface yellow-green
Ecology: Along permanent streams
Elevation: 1002400 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province, Modoc Plateau (uncommon), w Sonoran Desert
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Idaho
Flowering time: JanAprHorticultural information: SUN: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24; STBL.