Hymenostylium recurvirostrum -- Hymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix. (Figs. 00–00) - 01/15/94, Rev. Bryol. Lichenol. 6: 96. 1934. -- Gymnostomum recurvirostre Hedw., Spec. Musc: 33. 1801. -- Anoectangium anomalum Bartr., Lloydia 5: 255, pl. 1, fig. 8. 1942, syn. nov. -- Holotype: Indonesia. West Irian, Jayawijaya: Mt. Wilhelmina, 3 400–3 560 m, Brass & Myer-Drees 9796 (FH!). -- Anoectangium anomalum Bartr. var. trifarium Bartr., Lloydia 5: 255. 1942, syn. nov. -- Holotype: Indonesia, West Irian, Jayawijaya: Mt. Wilhelmina, 3 850 m, Brass 10372 p.p. (FH!).

   Plants in dense turfs or cushions to 1.5 cm high, glossy green to yellow-green, sometimes reddened by the dense rhizoid clusters near leaf axes. Leaves obscurely to very strongly tristichous, erect-spreading when moist but appressed to slightly crispate when dry, narrowly lanceolate and broadest very near the base, to 1.5 mm long, 4–8: 1. Median laminal cells very irregular in size and shape with adjacent cells often differing in diameter by a factor of 2, to 12 µm broad, in straight rows, with lumen/wall ratio 2–3: 1, irregularly quadrate with rounded lumens and often with very prominent corner thickenings, varying from smooth to densely pluripapillose. Basal cells short rectangular with straight lateral walls, to 12 µm broad, mostly 2–3: 1 but sometimes as long as 8: 1 near costa base, smooth below but sometimes seriate-papillose above, thick-walled but not pitted. Elongate basal cells extending farther along margin than along costa, to 7 µm wide at margin, to 6: 1. Costa occupying 1/3–1/5 of leaf base, tapering and percurrent to subpercurrent or even slightly excurrent in the acute to acuminate apex. Abaxial cells of costa short rectangular, to 8 µm broad, to 4: 1, smooth or with sparse papillae. Adaxial cells of costa short rectangular, to 7 µm broad, to 5: 1. Costa cross-section with strong dorsal and ventral stereids, a single layer of guide cells, and a poorly differentiated epidermis on both surfaces. Margin crenulate-papillose but otherwise mostly entire, or with a few serrulations near the shoulder, plane at base but recurved from above the base sometimes to leaf middle. Upper marginal cells unistratose throughout, at least some of them transversely elongate and smaller than interior laminal cells. Axillary hairs to 200 µm, with 5 cells and without basal brown cell. Rhizoids red-brown, to 20 µm wide at base, smooth and extensively branched. Stem with central strand, thin-walled inner cortical cells and an abruptly differentiated group of 1–2 rows of thicker walled, smaller outer cortical cells; hyaloderm not or only very poorly differentiated.

   Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves shorter than the vegetative leaves. Seta to 1O mm, yellow-brown, smooth. Capsule erect and symmetrical with the urn oblong to short cylindrical, not sulcate, 2–3: 1, to 1 mm long. Operculum rostrate, to 2/3 of urn length. Annulus differentiated, not revoluble. Peristome absent. Exothecial cells with thick walls with lumen/wall ratio about 1: 1, in regular rows, to 30 µm wide, short rectangular, to 3: 1. Spores to 15 µm, finely papillose.

Vouchers: Inyo Co.: Main Fork Trail Canyon, base of Wilrose Peak, Death Valley National Park, Shevock, York, Glazer, & Laeger 21853; Kern Co.: Pine Tree Canyon west of Barren Ridge, Shevock, Ertter, & Hare 17836; Los Angeles Co.: Pacoima Dam, San Fernando Valley, MacFadden 8171 (MO) [determined by Bartram]; Mono Co.: Convict Lake Trail between Convict Lake and Lake Mildred, Inyo National Forest, Whittemore 1541a (CAS) and Norris 71372; Shasta Co.: Upper Manzanita Creek at base of Crescent Cliffs, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Showers 3924a (UC); Tulare Co.: Limestone Cliffs, Kern River Canyon along County Road M-99, Sequoia National Forest, Shevock 17062.

Literature: Zander 1977a. As Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Crum and Anderson 1981; Flowers 1973; Harpel 1980a; Harthill, Long, Mishler 1979; Long 1978; Mishler 1978.

Illustration References: Malcolm et al. 2009 p. 132; Crum and Anderson 1981; Flowers 1973; Ignatov and Ignatova 2003; Ireland 1982; Lawton 1971; Sharp et al. 1994; Smith 1978; Zander 1993.

No illustrations found in database.

Elevation by latitude plot for Hymenostylium recurvirostrum
   in California