Home page of the California Lichen Society
Bulletin of the California Lichen Society
Volume 2 No. 2 Winter 1995
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The Lichen Herbarium, University Herbarium (UC),
University of California at
Berkeley
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Isabelle Tavares
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New and Interesting Records of Lichens from
California
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Richard E. Riefner, Jr., Peter A. Bowler, and Bruce D. Ryan
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October Field Trip to Kyburz, El Dorado County
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Janet Doell
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Collections Made on the Kyburz Field Trip
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Shirley C. Tucker and Charis C. Bratt
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CALS Field Trip of July 16, 1995 to San Bruno
Mountain, San Mateo County
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Mikki McGee
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Book Review
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Isabelle Tavares
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Errata
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News
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President's Corner
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In Memoriam
The Lichen Herbarium, University Herbarium (UC),
University of California at Berkeley
Isabelle Tavares
The UC lichen herbarium consists of about 18,000 accessioned
specimens and several thousand
unaccessioned
specimens. It is housed in the University Herbarium (acronym is UC)
on the first floor of the
Valley Life Sciences Building
on the campus.
Early records indicate that the first lichens deposited in this
herbarium were exchange
specimens received in 1893 from
Clara E. Cummings, Wellesley, Massachusetts. About this time
Marshall A. Howe added a series of
lichens from the upper
Sacramento River area. Many lichens collected by W. A. Setchell were
deposited in the herbarium
following an Alaskan
expedition in 1899. Prof. Setchell added his New England lichen
collections to the herbarium in
1903. During the 1920s,
lichens were collected for UC by Setchell and H. E. Parks in Tahiti
and other South Pacific
islands. Among the exchanges
received from European herbaria was a series of Brazilian lichens
collected by G. Malme, received
about 1935. In the
1940s, T. H. Goodspeed's expeditions to the Andes began to accumulate
lichens of western South
America for UC. As a
result of various exchanges, the lichen herbarium incorporated
considerable material from
northern and central Europe, as
well as eastern North America, which has been useful for making
comparisons with local taxa.
Among the Californian
collections are specimens collected by H. N. Bolander, H. E. Hasse,
A. W. C. T. Herre, and W. A.
Weber. The lichen
herbarium of T. Elliot Weier, recently incorporated into UC, is rich
in crustose specimens from
the Sierra Nevada.
Although there has always been some interest in lichens here, the
only formal lichen class may
have been a seminar
course offered by Vernon Ahmadjian during his 1966 visit to Berkeley.
Shortly thereafter, Doris
E. Baltzo and I began the
effort to acquire sufficient knowledge to be able to annotate the
collections and started the
process of bringing the generic
designations up-to-date that has continued until the present time.
Prior to this time, the
herbarium had relied heavily on
many lichenologists, such as E. Vainio, C. W. Dodge, A. W. C. T.
Herre, and W. A. Weber, for
identifications.
In keeping with the public service tradition of the herbarium, we
have provided lichen
identifications and information about
lichens for students of various
California colleges and universities, many organizations, and members
of the general public.
New and Interesting Records of Lichens from California
Richard E. Riefner, Jr., Peter A. Bowler, and Bruce D. Ryan
Abstract:
Twenty lichen species are reported from California for the first
time. New information for 59
species
considered rare, local, or which represent noteworthy extensions of
range, is also presented.
Seven unidentified taxa
are discussed.
Tucker and Jordan (1979) published a catalog of 999 species, 4
subspecies, 57 varieties, and 42
forms of lichens thought
to occur in California. This was compiled by reviewing taxa reported
in the literature. Since
this checklist was published, a
large number of additional species have been described or reported
from California in articles on
taxonomy, nomenclature,
and phytogeography, and in books and guides such as Hale and Cole
(1988).
In comparison, the vascular flora includes more than 5,800
species, of which about 24% are
endemic (Wilken 1993).
California lichens, however, exhibit a very low 1% endemism rate in
the foliose and fruticose
forms as discussed by
Hale and Cole (1988).
According to Wilken (1995), as much as 79.5% of the California
Floristic Province and 73% of the
entire
State remain poorly inventoried. The recent description of numerous
new taxa in common and
conspicuous lichen genera
such as Cladonia, Lecanora, Niebla, and
Ramalina, and reports
of many lichens new to North America clearly indicate that
our knowledge of the lichen flora of California is even weaker.
Shevock and Taylor (1987)
reported that the overwhelming
majority of vascular plant collections occurred adjacent to existing
roads, with the more remote
areas of California
receiving only cursory attention. In this paper as well, most of the
new records are made from
surveys conducted along
easily accessible highways in the coastal lowlands. Two forays into
the more remote areas of the
southern Sierra Nevada
by the senior author both yielded new State records! Our ignorance
of the relative abundance and
distribution of many
lichen species, both common and historically rare, has hindered
conservation action, since
dubious or poorly known taxa
have a low priority, especially when resource management dollars are
scarce. Carefully designed
systematic and field
studies are needed to adequately document the lichen flora of
California if we hope to protect
one of California's most overlooked and diminishing natural
resources.
All Riefner and Bowler collections are
deposited in the herbarium of the
University of California, Irvine's Museum of
Systematic Biology (IRVC) with duplicates cited where appropriate,
while all Ryan
collections are deposited in the
herbarium of Arizona State University (ASU). A few of the species
reported as new State records
are actually locally
abundant or widespread in the State, but only a few representative
collections of the taxon are
cited for the purposes of
this paper. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) data may be included
where secondary product
chemistry is diagnostic or
when new information on the chemical content of a taxon is reported.
New State Records
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Caloplaca atroflava (Turner) Mong.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shale in open oak woodland, Morro Bay
region,
Riefner 90-51 (WIS).
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Caloplaca castellana (Räsänen) Poelt
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(C. invadens Lynge). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on a Monterey
shale cliff in
fog belt, Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner 88-265
(WIS).
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Caloplaca sipeana Magnusson.
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LOS ANGELES CO.: on rocks just above the high tide limit and on
coastal bluffs
near the Field Station, San Clemente Island, Riefner and
Bowler 89-113 (WIS).
Distinguished by its scattered, plane
squamules and spores 12-14 x 7-8 µm. It is also found on
seashore rocks in northern Baja
California, Mexico. This taxon
was included in a discussion of the C. squamosa group of
littoral species of
Caloplaca in North America by Arup (1995b); he
observes that the group is in desperate need of revision. C.
squamosa (B. de Lesd.)
Zahlbr. was reported from California
by Sigal (1975).
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Caloplaca stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge.
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ORANGE CO.: on Selaginella bigelovii in coastal sage
scrub, Aliso-Wood
Canyon Park, Riefner & Roberts 90-211 (WIS).
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Coccotrema pocillarium (Cummings) Brodo.
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SONOMA CO.: on soil along coastal bluffs, State Hwy. 1 near Fort
Ross, Riefner 88-77 (COLO, CANL).
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Dirinaria picta (Swartz) Clem. & Shear.
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SONOMA CO.: on rocks along State Hwy. 1 near Fort Ross, Riefner
88-78
(WIS) & 85-639 (COLO). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on soil in
coastal sage scrub at Camarillo
Peaks, Morro Bay State Park,
Riefner 92-408 (WIS). VENTURA CO.: on soil and rocks in
scrub along Potrero Rd.,
Riefner 92-190 (WIS).
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Heterodermia cf. galactophylla (Tuck.) Culb.
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MARIN CO.: Pt. Reyes, Riefner 85-740 (US). ORANGE CO.: on
Quercus at Aliso-Wood Canyon Park, Riefner & Roberts
92-20. SAN LUIS OBISPO
CO.: on scrub and chaparral shrubs,
Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner 89-258 (WIS);
Avila Rd., Riefner
87-21 (WIS). SANTA BARBARA CO.: on Quercus
along Constellation Rd., Riefner 87-235 & 87-285
(WIS). TLC: atranorin and
zeorin. Separated from H. erinacea (Ach.) Hale
by being esorediate and from H. leucomelos (L.) Poelt
(H. "leucomelaena") by
its smaller thallus which lacks salazinic acid
(W.L. Culberson 1966). California H. galactophylla has
lobes that are generally
narrower than in typical material from the
SE U.S., and J.W. Thomson (pers. comm.) believes this may turn out to
be a new California
endemic.
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Leprocaulon subalbicans (Lamb) Lamb & Ward.
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SAN DIEGO CO.: on soil in maritime chaparral, Torrey Pines
Reserve, Riefner 91-171 (WIS); on soil in maritime succulent
scrub on Point Loma,
Riefner 91-21 (WIS).
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Muellerella pygmaea (Körber) D. Hawksw.
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ORANGE CO.: lichenicolous on Aspicilia cinerea, talus
slope on
Modjeska Peak, elev. ca. 1500 m, Riefner 88-190 (WIS).
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Phaeophyscia kairamoi (Vainio) Moberg.
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INYO CO.: on NW-facing cliff, SE side of State Hwy. 267, Death
Valley
National Monument, elev. 1220 m, Ryan 14888. LOS ANGELES
CO.: on rock at Land's End,
Santa Catalina Island, elev.
20 m, Ryan 30956. MONTEREY CO.: on Quercus,
Arroyo Seco Canyon Campground,
Los Padres National Forest, elev.
ca. 300 m, Ryan 26888. SANTA BARBARA CO.: on rock, along
pass on main road SE of Black
Mountain, Santa Rosa
Island, elev. 240-320 m, Ryan 31666. SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
on shale in Coon Creek
Canyon, Montaña de Oro State
Park, Riefner 87-392 (WIS). VENTURA CO.: outcrops in coastal
sage scrub near Point Mugu,
Riefner 92-132.
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Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg.
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RIVERSIDE CO.: on granitic boulders and cliffs along stream valley
near
Pinyon Flats on State Hwy. 74, Riefner 86-63 (US). SHASTA
CO.: on rock, along Manzanita
Creek next to State Hwy. 44, 1
km W of Lassen Volcanic National Park, elev. 1700 m, Ryan
11325. VENTURA CO.: on rock
along river canyon at State
Hwy. 33 N of Ojai, Riefner 87-79.
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Physcia halei Thomson.
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TULARE CO.: on granitic boulders, Jack Flat Campground, State Hwy.
137, Riefner 88-213
(WIS).
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Physcia subtilis Degel.
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TULARE CO.: on granitic outcrops at Hidden Falls, Mountain Home
State Forest, elev. ca.
3000 m, Riefner 88-225 (WIS).
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Physciella melanchra (Hue) Essl.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on andesite outcrop along the marsh at Morro
Bay,
Riefner 89-226 (WIS).
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Ramalina peruviana Ach.
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SAN DIEGO CO.: on Lycium in scrub at Torrey Pines Reserve,
Riefner 91-167
(WIS); BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE, MEXICO: Punta Banda, Riefner & Bowler
91-118 (BRIU).
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Ramalina sinensis Jatta.
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SANTA BARBARA CO.: on Quercus douglasii in open woodland
at the Santa Ynez
Recreation Area, Riefner 91-58 (WIS).
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Rhizocarpon concentricum (Davies) Beltram.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shale outcrop in Pinus muricata
forest
near Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner 89-252
(WIS).
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Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) Massal.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shale in fog zone, Montaña de Oro
State
Park, Riefner 89-249 (WIS).
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Verrucaria mucosa Wahlenb. in Ach.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: in the spray zone of the upper littoral ,
Morro Rock
Reserve, Riefner 93-12 (WIS).
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Xanthoparmelia subdecipiens (Vainio) Hale.
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ORANGE CO.: talus slope on Modjeska Peak, elev. ca. 1500 m,
Riefner 88-185 (US). A few specimens from this population
lacked the fatty acid TLC
profile of typical material, Riefner 88
187 (WIS).
Records of Rare, Local, or Interesting Taxa
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Acarospora thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
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VENTURA CO.: on thin soil over outcrops or rocky terrain along the
Los Robles Trail, Conejo Mountain Recreation Area, Riefner
92-111 (WIS).
Restricted to southern California (Fink 1935), and now
apparently very rare due to
urbanization. Identified by J.W.
Thomson and compared with the isotype of A. pleiospora Nyl.
(a synonym of A.
thelococcoides; J.W. Thomson, pers.
comm.). The spores are many per ascus and spherical, ca. 12 µm
in diameter.
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Bryoria pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shrubs in maritime chaparral near
Baywood Park, Riefner 87-140 (CANL) & 87-143a.
Rare in North America and previously known from Humboldt Co.,
northern California, to Oregon
(Brodo and Hawksworth
1977). Distinguished by the elongate pseudocyphellae which become
distinctly sulcate (I. Brodo,
pers. comm.).
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Bryoria spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Baywood Park, Riefner 87-336 (CANL);
Montaña
de Oro State Park, Riefner 87-142. MONTEREY CO.: near Point
Lobos, Riefner
88-147. SONOMA CO.: Stewart's Point
Rd., Riefner 88-128. TLC: norstictic and connorstictic
acids, ± unknown Rf 5-6,
± atranorin.
Previously documented only from the Samoa Peninsula in Humboldt
Co. (Brodo and Hawksworth
1977), and from the Los
Osos Oaks Reserve, San Luis Obispo Co. (Brodo 1986).
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Caloplaca bolacina (Tuck.) Herre.
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RIVERSIDE CO.: on outcrops in Quercus-Pinus-Calocedrus
forest, elev. ca.
2,200 m, Santa Rosa Mountain, Riefner 91-155 (WIS).
This population conforms taxonomically to C. bolacina
as circumscribed by Arup
(1992) (identified by J.W. Thomson), but
is a new altitude record and ecological zone for the species. Arup
(1992) states that C.
bolacina occurs up to at least 1,600
m, and probably avoids localities with cold winters. We intend to
look at this collection more
closely in view of the fact that
its habitat on the margin of sub-alpine Abies forest is
characterized by frequent frosts
and snow-pack conditions.
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Caloplaca bolanderi (Tuck.) Magnusson.
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LOS ANGELES CO.: on rocks just above the spray zone, Eel Point, San
Clemente Island, growing with C. coralloides, Riefner
89-110 (WIS).
Easily identified by the conspicuously colored apothecia and the
large spores.
Caloplaca bolanderi has not been
previously reported from southern California, and was not included
among the marine and maritime
species of Caloplaca
discussed by Arup (1995b). It is best known in California from
inland localities (Sigal
1975).
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Caloplaca brattiae W. Weber.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on outcrops along high marsh in Morro Bay
estuary, Morro
Bay State Park, Riefner 87-218; on seashore rocks at Avila
Beach, Riefner
88-257, and along the San Luis Bay estuary
(site report).
These new stations increase the vertical distribution of the
species beyond the upper
supralittoral zone (Arup (1995a).
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Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel.
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VENTURA CO.: on bark of Quercus lobata, Conejo Mountain
Recreation Area,
Riefner 92-101 (WIS).
This inconspicuous taxon has been reported in California only
from the San Francisco Bay
region (Baltzo 1970). The
Ventura Co. collection has fine soredia and a thin, almost invisible
thallus that most closely
matches typical European
material rather than C. cf. chrysophthalma as
collected and discussed by Weber
et al. (1987), which may be an
undescribed species.
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Caloplaca epithallina Lynge.
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RIVERSIDE CO.: lichenicolous on Dimelaena and
Rhizoplaca on outcrops near the
summit of Santa Rosa Mountain, elev. ca. 2500 m, Riefner
90-237 (WIS).
Only recently reported for California from the Sierra Nevada
(Ryan and Nash 1991).
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Caloplaca subpyracella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
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SAN DIEGO CO.: on sandstone and sandy soil in maritime scrub and on
outcrops above the high-tide limit, Point Loma, Riefner
91-20 (WIS). VENTURA CO.: on
soil, pebbles, and Selaginella in the
Conejo Mountain region, Riefner 92-110 (WIS); on rocks from
near the spray zone to sandy
soil in coastal sage scrub, Point
Mugu, Riefner 92-133.
Another species not well-documented in the literature and poorly
known with respect to
distribution and ecology. It has
been considered an inland species of the southern California
foothills (Fink 1935, Tucker and
Jordan 1978). Although our
collections do not extend the known range of the species, they do
broaden its ecological
tolerance to include the maritime
belt of California. Caloplaca subpyracella was not included
among the littoral species
of the genus occurring in North
America by Arup (1995b). It is distinguished by 20 x 7 µm
spores which have a very narrow
septum (J.W. Thomson, pers.
comm.)
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Cladonia cf. firma Nyl.
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SAN DIEGO CO.: on sandy soil in maritime chaparral, Torrey Pines
Reserve, Riefner
91-168
(WIS). TLC: atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid.
Only recently reported from North America (San Luis Obispo Co.,
CA) by Hammer (1991).
Cladonia cf. firma was reported
by DeBolt and McCune (1993) from Glacier National Park.
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Cladonia thiersii Hammer.
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SAN DIEGO CO.: on sandy soil in maritime chaparral at Torrey Pines
Reserve, Riefner 87
50. This small colony is apparently the only remaining in
southern California since the San
Diego Co. population reported by
Hammer (1993) was destroyed by prescribed burns. TLC: thamnolic acid
and unidentified substances
discussed by
Hammer (1989).
Cladonia thiersii is otherwise known only from
Mendocino Co. to the Point Reyes
Peninsula in Marin Co. (Hammer 1989).
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Cyphelium brunneum Weber.
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ORANGE CO.: on sandstone outcrops on ocean bluffs at Niguel Hill,
Riefner & Roberts
91-176 (WIS).
Best known from the Channel Islands (Weber 1967), uncommon along
the mainland coast. This
is apparently a new
record for Orange Co.
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Dendrographa leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish.
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MONTEREY CO.: on Pinus radiata near Point Lobos,
Riefner 88-148.
ORANGE CO.: on Rhus integrifolia, San Clemente State Beach,
Riefner 94-501.
LOS ANGELES CO.: San Clemente
Island, Eel Point, Bowler et al. s.n. SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
on Cupressus at
White Point, Morro Bay State Park, Riefner
89-297 (S), 83-180 (US).
State-endangered according to Hale and Cole (1988, p. 10) who
cite the Channel Islands as
the known modern range and
San Diego Co. north to Monterey Co. as an historical range. Also
recently collected on Santa
Barbara Island (Bratt 1993)
and likely present on other Channel Islands as well. There are
numerous forms transitional
between the fertile D.
leucophaea and the sterile D. minor (A. Tehler, pers.
comm.) that cannot be easily
resolved using traditional keys.
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Dimelaena californica (Magnusson) Sheard.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on rocks, Camarillo Peaks, Morro Bay
State Park, Riefner 93-26 (WIS).
A new record for the central coast region. Previously
documented only from northern Baja
California, Mexico (Sheard
1974), and from the South Coast Ranges of California, where it has
been rarely collected,
according to Hale and Cole
(1988).
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Endocarpon subnitescens Nyl.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on soil in coastal sage scrub at Camarillo
Peaks, Morro
Bay State Park, Riefner 94-415 (WIS).
Very rare (J.W. Thomson, pers. comm.), recorded only from
southern California (Hasse 1913;
Fink 1935). Spores are 2
per ascus, strongly muriform, 55 x 23 µm. Hymenial algae are
present.
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Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.
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RIVERSIDE CO.: on chaparral shrubs, San Mateo Wilderness, W slope
of the Santa
Rosa Plateau, Riefner 91-109. SANTA BARBARA CO.: on bark,
0.5 km below pass adjacent to
Black Mountain, Santa
Rosa Island, elev. 260 m, Ryan 31409. TLC: evernic
acid.
Although this species is very common and widely distributed,
these collections are mentioned
because the thalli are
distinctly gray, lacking usnic acid. Since the gray thalli are found
on sun-lit branches of
chaparral shrubs, this is not merely
a light-related phenomenon. Such thalli are much less common than
the typical yellow-green ones
with usnic acid but otherwise are morphologically identical.
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Flavopunctelia soredica (Nyl.) Hale.
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ORANGE CO.: SW of San Juan Loop Trail, State Hwy. 74, Riefner
84-46 (US);
Casper's Wilderness Park, Riefner 91-5. RIVERSIDE CO.:
Beaumont, Riefner
94-101; Ortega Oaks, Riefner 87-1 (COLO).
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner
87-33 (COLO); Morro Rock
Reserve, Riefner 87-481.
Rare in the Coast Ranges (Hale and Cole 1988). Collected also on
the Santa Rosa Plateau,
Riverside Co. (Weber et al.
1987).
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Gyalecta herrei Vezda.
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ORANGE CO.: on rocks, base of Aliso Peak, Riefner 91-184
(WIS).
Gyalecta herrei, usually on wood, is another species
best known north of the San
Francisco Bay region (Tucker and
Jordan 1978), although it has been reported from the southern
California mainland (Hasse 1913)
and the Channel Islands
(T. Nash, pers. comm.)
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Hypogymnia heterophylla Pike.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on Pinus muricata branches in fog
forest, ca. 300 m, Field
Ranch near Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner 89-256.
TLC: atranorin;
protocetraric, physodalic, and physodic acids.
Rare on the Pacific coast (Goward 1988), previously documented
from Marin Co. north into
Oregon (Pike and Hale 1982;
Hale and Cole 1988). Locally abundant where summer fogs persist as
in the Montaña de
Oro-Morro Bay region; the
Stewart's Point-Salt Point State Park area in Sonoma Co.: Riefner
86-182; Pt. Lobos on
the Monterey Peninsula, Nash
18903 (ASU); and Patrick's Point in Humboldt Co., Riefner
84-224.
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Hypogymnia metaphysodes (Asah.) Rass.
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MERCED CO.: on bark, State Hwy. 152, 32 km NNE of Hollister,
Ryan
26657. SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shrubs at Baywood Park near
Morro Bay, Riefner 88-6
(US, WIS); Ryan 21943b.
Common in western inland forests (Goward 1988) but rarely
collected in California (Siskiyou
and Trinity Cos.: Hale and
Cole 1988).
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Hypogymnia mollis Pike and Hale.
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ORANGE CO.: maritime chaparral at Niguel Hill, Riefner &
Roberts 91-181.
RIVERSIDE CO.: San Juan Loop Trail, Ortega Oaks, State Hwy. 74,
Riefner 84-40 (US). SAN
LUIS OBISPO CO.: on oaks
at Avila Rd. near San Luis Bay, Riefner 87-15 (COLO); on
Pinus muricata along
ridge at Coon Creek, Riefner 87-393; on
shrubs in maritime chaparral at Montaña de Oro State Park,
Riefner 87-144. SANTA
BARBARA CO.: on oaks at Point Sal,
Riefner 87-264; on Salvia along the Santa Ynez
River, Riefner 87-405;
on shrubs near Constellation Road, Riefner 87-223;
on shrubs at Rancho Las Flores near Los Alamos, Ryan 21906;
ridge road at Sauces Gate,
Santa Cruz Island, Ryan 31504,
and Ragged Mountain, elev. 310-400 m, Ryan 31551; Black
Mountain, Santa Rosa Island,
Ryan 31392. SAN DIEGO CO.:
Torrey Pines Reserve, Riefner 86-73 (COLO, US); De Luz Rd.,
Riefner 91-82.
TLC: atranorin, physodic acid, trace
alectoronic acid, trace unidentified aliphatic compound (A-2, B-3,
C-2,3; H+ brownish). Specimens
submitted to TLC: SAN
LUIS OBISPO CO.: Riefner 87-393 (DUKE) and SANTA BARBARA
CO.: Riefner 90-203
(DUKE).
The Niguel Hill collection is a new county record, the Ortega
Oaks collection is only the
second report from Riverside Co.,
and there are no previous records from the Channel Islands (see Pike
and Hale 1982; Weber and
Bratt 1987; Hale and Cole
1988). Hale and Cole (1988, p. 10) consider this taxon to be
State-endangered. Although Pike
and Hale (1982) did not see
fertile specimens, we did: SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Montaña de Oro
State Park, Riefner
86-48 (US). SANTA BARBARA CO.:
Harris Grade Rd. near Lompoc, Riefner 89-398 (WIS).
Apothecia are 4-5 mm in diameter
and spores 5-8 x 4-5 µm.
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Hypogymnia occidentalis Pike.
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MENDOCINO CO.: on forest trees along U.S. Hwy. 101, ridgetop near
Cummings,
Riefner 85-476 (US); on fenceposts, State Hwy. 128 east of
Boonville, Ryan
22274. SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on Pinus
muricata branches in fog forest near Montaña de Oro State
Park, Riefner
85-530 (US); on shrubs north of Baywood Park,
elev. 25 m, Ryan 21943b. SANTA BARBARA CO.: on bark, 0.5 km
below pass adjacent to
Black Mountain, Santa Rosa
Island, Ryan 31394; Sauces Gate, Santa Cruz Island, Ryan
31502 (Channel Island
specimens determined by T. Goward).
SISKIYOU CO.: on Pseudotsuga menziesii along Walker Creek
Rd., Ryan 25710a;
Shackleford Creek Trail ca. 1.6 km from
Road 43N21, Ryan 25317. TLC: atranorin and physodic
acid.
Rather rare from the San Francisco Bay region north to Del Norte
Co. (Hale and Cole 1988),
but otherwise common in
western intermontane forests (Goward 1988).
-
Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on Pinus muricata and shrubs in
chaparral along Coon
Creek, Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner 87-105
(WIS).
Extremely common and widespread in boreal and temperate North
America (Hale 1979); in
California rather rare from the
Santa Cruz Mountains north (Hale and Cole 1988). Reported from
Guadalupe Island, Mexico, by
Linder (1934) and possibly
more widespread in the Pacific southwest than previously thought.
-
Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on chaparral shrubs along State Hwy. 46 at
Cypress Mountain, Riefner 85-287 (US); on shrub in Pinus
muricata forest near
Field Ranch, Riefner 87-348. SHASTA CO.:
on shrubs in mixed forest at Castle Crags State Park, Riefner
85-287 (US). SONOMA CO.:
on rock, along State Hwy. 1
near Fort Ross, Riefner 86-139.
Widespread but seldom abundant (Goward 1988), from San Benito
Co. north to Humboldt Co. in
the North Coast Ranges
and the Klamath Mountains (Hale and Cole 1988). It is rare at both
localities in San Luis Obispo
Co. The Shasta Co. locality
is a first report from the Cascade Ranges in California.
-
Lecanactis zahlbruckneri Herre.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on supralittoral rocks at White Point, Morro
Bay State
Park, Riefner 88-247 (WIS).
A maritime species previously reported only from the San
Francisco Bay area (Herre 1907,
1910) on the California
mainland, and Guadalupe Island in Baja California, Mexico (Egea and
Torrente 1992). Spores
3-septate, 15-18 x 6-7 µm,
slightly smaller than given by Egea and Torrente; thallus C-.
-
Lecanora phryganitis Tuck.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: high sea cliffs of Morro Rock Reserve,
Riefner 90-66.
A dwarf fruticose species common on rock outcrops in the fog
belt from the San Francisco Bay
region north to Sonoma
Co. (Ryan 1989). We extend its known range south to San Luis Obispo
Co., where it is uncommon on
rock and humus.
-
Lecanora subcarnea (Liljeblad) Ach.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on rock, ridge above Blue Cavern Point, Santa
Catalina
Island, Ryan 30966. SANTA BARBARA CO.: Cherry Canyon, Santa
Rosa Island, Ryan
31434; Ridge Trail (?) to Ragged
Mountain, Santa Cruz Island, Ryan 31534. MARIN CO.:
outcrops on coastal bluffs near Mt.
Tamalpais, Riefner 85-721
(COLO).
Rarely cited in the California literature (see Tucker and Jordan
1978). Although Hasse
omitted it from his flora (1913), he
had earlier reported it from Catalina Island (Hasse 1903). Riefner
and Bowler have not found
this species during an ongoing
study of San Clemente Island. The Mt. Tamalpais collection is a new
county record, according to
Volk (1963). Disk P+ red,
C-; spores 10-14 x 5-8 µm.
-
Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on ocean bluffs near the Field Station, San
Clemente Island,
Riefner & Bowler 89-118. ORANGE CO.: Aliso-Wood Canyon
Park, Riefner & Roberts
90-214. RIVERSIDE CO.: San Mateo
Wilderness, Riefner 91-110 (WIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
Montaña de Oro State
Park, Riefner 410 (annotated by B.
Ryan).
Although L. rupicola is usually considered a boreal or
alpine species (Hasse 1913;
Fink 1935), our finds in the southern
half of the State are mostly at low elevations. This is another
crust with a chalky colored
thallus that may be confused with
L. subcarnea. It is much more common, however, and is
easily distinguished by the
usually C+ yellowish reaction of the
apothecia and the spores 8-15 x 5-9 µm.
-
Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue.
-
ORANGE CO.: on oaks and among Cladonia on outcrops at
Aliso-Wood Canyon Park,
Riefner 90-213.
Not known previously from low elevations on the coast south of
the San Francisco Bay region
(Hale and Cole 1988).
-
Niebla ceruchis (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler.
-
SAN DIEGO CO.: near Torrey Pines, Riefner 86-82.
Richly represented in herbaria by collections from coastal
California and Baja California,
Mexico, now apparently
extirpated from the southern part of the State, except the Channel
Islands, also seriously
declining in central California due
to destruction of coastal habitat. The Torrey Pines population,
apparently the last known from
the south-coast mainland,
has been eliminated.
-
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on oaks at Morro Bay State Park, Riefner
90
84; on oaks near Arroyo Laguna along State Hwy. 1, Riefner
89-180 (WIS). SAN DIEGO
CO.: San Mateo Creek scrub,
Riefner 94-369. ORANGE CO.: on oaks on canyon slopes along
Aliso Creek, Riefner &
Marsh 92-8; Buck Gully, Riefner 91
214; on oaks, Aliso-Wood Canyon Park, Riefner & Roberts
90-228. TLC: atranorin and
lecanoric acid.
Rare in Santa Barbara Co. with an historical range extending
south to Los Angeles Co.,
considered State-endangered
(Hale and Cole 1988, p. 10).
-
Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Steiner) Hale.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on bark, 0.8 km NW of Catalina Airfield, Santa
Catalina Island, Ryan 30905. SAN DIEGO CO.: in maritime
chaparral at Torrey Pines
Reserve, Riefner 86-72 (COLO, US) &
87-47 (US); on shrubs, Carlsbad, east Agua Hedionda Lagoon,
Riefner 91-175.
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: in maritime scrub
at Baywood Park, Riefner 85-534 (US); San Luis Bay,
Riefner 87-19 (COLO); on
shrubs at Avila Beach, Riefner 87-19.
SANTA BARBARA CO.: Santa Lucia Canyon, Riefner 87-272;
Constellation Rd. and U.S. Hwy.
101, Riefner 87-306; on
Quercus, road from Sierra Pablo to East Point, Santa Rosa
Island, Ryan 31139;
on bark, pass along main road just SE of
Black Mountain, Santa Rosa Island, Ryan 31538. ORANGE CO.:
coastal canyon at San
Clemente State Beach, Riefner
94-378.
Hale and Cole (1988) give this taxon as occurring from San Diego
to San Luis Obispo Counties
and consider it State
endangered. We add several extant populations where it is often
locally abundant.
-
Phaeophyscia decolor (Kashiw.) Essl.
-
ALPINE CO.: on granite, Clark Fork Road, Carson-Iceberg Wilderness,
elev. 2000 m, Ryan 24658, 24660. LOS ANGELES CO.:
Eagles Roost Sand Shed,
State Hwy. 2, elev. 1975 m, Ryan
26280c. MADERA CO.: near Rock Creek Campground, Minarets Rd.,
Sierra National Forest, elev.
1320 m, Ryan 32155.
SAN DIEGO CO.: Palomar Divide Truck Trail, Mission Indian Reserve,
ca. 3 km SSE of Eagle Crag,
elev. 1175 m, Ryan
25961. SHASTA CO.: Manzanita Creek, State Hwy. 44, 1 km W of
Lassen Volcanic National Park,
elev. ca. 1700 m, Ryan
11353. SISKIYOU CO.: Shackleford Creek, Marble Mountain
Wilderness, elev. 1325-1450 m,
Ryan 25240. TULARE CO.:
on granitic outcrops in mixed conifer forest, elev. ca. 2800 m, Mt.
Whitney, Riefner
84-50 (US). TUOLOMNE CO.: Herring
Creek Road, Stanislaus National Forest, elev. 2100 m, Ryan
24509.
This easily overlooked species is rare in Mariposa and Alpine
Cos., according to Hale and
Cole (1988).
-
Physcia americana G. K. Merr. in A. Evans & Meyrow.
-
(P. tribacoides auct. non Nyl.).
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on oaks near Morro Bay, Riefner 90-70
(WIS).
Not included by Hale and Cole (1988), reported by Thomson (1963)
from only one locality in
California. The soredia are not
on isidia but are capitate (P. caesia group), and the lower
side of the thallus is
paraplectenchymatous (J.W. Thomson,
pers. comm.).
-
Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var.
marina (Nyl.) D. Hawks.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on
outcrops and cliffs above the spray zone at Morro Rock Reserve,
Riefner 89-231 (WIS).
TLC: atranorin and zeorin.
This maritime variety previously was known in California only
from Santa Catalina Island
(Thomson 1963; Moberg 1977).
-
Platismatia stenophylla (Tuck.) Culb. and C. Culb.
-
SHASTA CO.: common on conifers along Long Hay Flat
Drive off State Hwy. 44, Riefner 85-649.
Rather rare from the Santa Cruz Mountains northward in the North
Coast Ranges (Hale and Cole
1988). This is the first
report from the Cascade Ranges.
-
Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner
-
(Lecanora badia [Hoffm.] Ach.). EL DORADO CO.: on rock,
Lost Lake,
Sugar Pine State Park, 6.5 km WSW of Meeks Bay, elev. 2250 m,
Ryan 23587. TULARE CO.:
bank of the Kaweah River
SW of Sequoia National Park, State Hwy. 198, elev. 300 m, Ryan
11285. VENTURA CO.: on
outcrops in coastal sage scrub
near Pt. Mugu, Riefner 92-129 (WIS).
Previously reported in California only from the Eastern Brook
Lakes Watershed (Ryan and Nash
1991).
-
Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy.
-
RIVERSIDE CO.: outcrops on Santa Rosa Mountain, elev. ca. 2500 m,
Riefner 88-192, growing with Sporastatia.
This well-known alpine species has not been documented
previously from southern California
(Hale and Cole 1988). It is
to be expected on other high mountains in the southern part of the
State.
-
Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on oaks near the Field Station, San Clemente
Island, Riefner &
Bowler 89-114 (WIS). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: Morro Rock Reserve,
Riefner 85-230 (US);
on Umbellularia and on rocks
along State Hwy. 46, Riefner 86-98 (COLO, US); State Hwy. 1
opposite Hearst Castle, San
Simeon, Ryan 11199. MARIN
CO.: coastal outcrops near Mt. Tamalpais, Riefner 84-76
(US).
Previously collected only in Santa Barbara Co. from oak trees
(Hale and Cole 1988).
-
Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog.
-
VENTURA CO.: outcrops on Conejo Mountain, Riefner
92-53.
Previously known in North America only from the Point Mugu-Long
Grade Canyon area of Ventura
Co. It was identified by
the late Mason Hale, Jr. (Riefner 1989).
-
Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on oak branches near the Field Station, San
Clemente
Island, Riefner & Bowler 89-103.
This Old World taxon was only recently reported for North
America from San Luis Obispo Co.
(Riefner 1990).
-
Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: Santa Monica Mountains, Hasse s.n. (NY).
SAN LUIS OBISPO
CO.: on large oaks at Camarillo Peaks, Morro Bay State Park,
Riefner 92-411. TLC: no
substances.
An Old World taxon repeatedly cited from California (Tucker and
Jordan 1978). However,
during our studies of the genus
Ramalina we have found this name to be commonly misapplied.
In California R.
fraxinea is apparently coastal and rare. A
key to the fertile species of Ramalina in California is in
preparation by the senior
authors.
-
Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach.
-
SAN DIEGO CO.: San Diego, Palmer 276e (DH), Farlow
s.n. (FH). ORANGE CO.:
Aliso and Wood Canyon Park, Riefner & Roberts 217. BAJA
CALIFORNIA NORTE, MEXICO: Punta
Banda, Riefner &
Bowler 92-434. TLC: evernic, trace lecanoric, probable trace
obtusatic, and usnic (±)
acids.
Known from Santa Barbara Co. to Humboldt Co. (Hale and Cole
1988). Considered a
misidentification of R. evernioides by
Tucker and Jordan (1979), it was not previously known from extreme
southern California (Hasse
1913), or from Baja
California, Mexico. Ramalina pollinaria is common in
coastal central and northern
California. Treatments of the numerous
problematic and confusing sorediate species of California
Ramalina are in preparation by
Riefner and Bowler.
-
Roccella babingtonii Mont.
-
ORANGE CO.: on rock, ocean cliff above the spray zone, Abalone
Point, Riefner 95-356.
Hale and Cole (1988) considered this species to be
State-endangered and extant only in San
Diego Co. and the Channel
Islands. It is very rare at the Orange Co. locality.
-
Roccella fimbriata Darbish.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on rock above the spray zone at White Point,
Morro Bay State
Park, Riefner 85-513 (COLO).
Very rare in the Morro Bay region and considered
State-endangered by Hale and Cole (1988, p.
10). A new record for the
central coast.
-
Roccellina franciscana (Zahlbr. ex Herre) Follm.
in Huneck & Follm.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on rocks at
Morro Rock Reserve, Riefner 87-205 (COLO, WIS); on rocks at
White Point, Morro Bay State
Park, Riefner 88-246 (WIS).
Best known from the area between Monterey and San Francisco Bay
where it is locally common
on cypress bark, and
apparently rare on rock (Herre 1907; Tehler 1983). In the Morro Bay
region, however, we have
found it to be rare on bark
and common on rock in the supralittoral zone, where it forms small
cushions.
-
Schizopelte californica Th. Fr.
-
(Combea californica [Th. Fr.] Follm. & Geyer). LOS ANGELES
CO.: Pt. Dune, near
Malibu, Halling 613 (ASU, SFSU). MONTEREY CO.: Willow
Creek, Rundel s.n.
(Herb. Rundel). SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
White Point at Morro Bay State Park, Riefner 85-507;
Cayucos, Riefner 89-70;
Morro Rock Reserve, Riefner 87-193 (COLO,
US). ORANGE CO.: Abalone Point, Riefner 90-137; South
Laguna, Nash 10300
(ASU).
This unusual fog zone lichen, still abundant on the Channel
Islands but rare on the
mainland, was apparently thought by
Hale and Cole (1988) to be only in Los Angeles and Ventura Cos. The
Orange Co. collection
appears to be a rare find for the
south-coast mainland (Orcutt 1907; Hasse 1913). Tehler (1993)
believes that this species should
not be placed in
Combea.
-
Sulcaria isidiifera Brodo.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: maritime chaparral at Montaña de Oro
State Park, Riefner
85-305
(COLO), Riefner 86-401 (US); on shrubs in Pinus
muricata forest at Field Ranch,
Riefner 87-379; Morro Bay State Park,
Riefner 87-438; Baywood Park, Riefner 88-2,
88-3 (CANL). Rancho
Cañada de Los Osos SW of Calle Cordoniz Rd., Los
Osos, Riefner 90-93.
This handsome San Luis Obispo Co. endemic was described and
previously known only from Los
Osos Oaks (Brodo
1986). During the senior author's study of the Morro Bay region it
was found to be present also
at Morro Bay State Park,
Baywood Park, the Field Ranch, and most abundant at Montaña de
Oro State Park, all within
a few km. It is easily
overlooked since it occurs most commonly on the inner branches of
maritime chaparral shrubs.
Fertile specimens have not
been seen.
-
Teloschistes californicus Sipman.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: Eel Point, San Clemente Island, Bowler
s.n.; Mautz et al.
s.n. SANTA BARBARA CO.: on shrubs in unnamed canyon W of Bee
Canyon, Santa Rosa Island,
Ryan 31078.
Recently described from California and Baja California, Mexico
(Sipman 1993). We add San
Clemente Island to its known
distribution. Villous, sorediate specimens previously identified as
T. villosus (Ach.)
Norm. belong to this taxon (Sipman
1993). Teloschistes californicus was reported by
Bratt (1993) (as T.
villosus) from Santa Barbara Island. The genus
Teloschistes in the California Floristic Province is
currently being revised by Riefner
and Bowler.
-
Teloschistes exilis (Michaux) Vainio.
-
MARIN CO.: on dead wood, Copper Mine Gulch, elev. 300 m, D.M.
Wright
3616; on Quercus wislizenii var. frutescens,
McCurdy Trail, Bolinas Ridge,
elev. 240 m, D.M. Wright 3618 (Herb. Wright).
RIVERSIDE CO.: chaparral, Tenaja Rd., Santa Rosa Plateau, photo and
site report, Riefner
1993. SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
near Cerro Alto State Park, Riefner 85-690 (US);
Montaña de Oro State Park,
Riefner 86-24.
Considered by Hale and Cole (1988) to be very rare and
State-endangered, previously reported
from the Santa Cruz
Mountains and the Channel Islands. Observed in Marin Co. also at
Stewart Point on Inverness
Ridge and on the Bolinas
Fairfax Rd., mostly on Quercus; all populations within a
radius of just 2 km (D. Wright,
pers. comm.). We also add the following historical localities to its
former range: LOS ANGELES
CO.: Pasadena, Kenney s.n., collected ca. 1893 (LAM-formerly
in the RSA collection); Claremont, J.M.J. s.n., collected
ca. 1916 (LAM-formerly in
RSA).
-
Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm.
-
MARIN CO.: on moss-covered outcrops near Mt. Tamalpais, Riefner
83-305
(US). SANTA BARBARA CO.: Point Sal, Riefner 87-263 (US).
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.:
Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner
87-354 (COLO); State Hwy. 46 near Cypress Mountain, Riefner
85-232.
Rare and State-endangered, from Santa Barbara Co. and the
Channel Islands north to Marin Co.
with an historical range
including San Diego and Sonoma Cos. We add the following historical
localities: LOS ANGELES CO.:
Santa Monica Range,
Hasse s.n. (LAM-formerly in RSA). MARIN CO.: Mill Valley,
Herre s.n., ca. 1930
(LAM-formerly in RSA). SAN MATEO CO.:
Pilarcitos Creek Canyon, Herre s.n., two collections, 1942
and 1957 (LAM-formerly in
RSA).
-
Thelomma californicum (Tuck.) Tibell.
-
ORANGE CO.: coastal outcrops at Laguna Crestline, Laguna Beach,
Riefner & Bowler 91-207.
This beautifully radiate crust was previously documented only
from the central coast (Tibell
1976; Tucker and Jordan
1978; Weber 1967).
-
Umbilicaria krascheninnikovii (Savicz) Zahlbr.
-
RIVERSIDE CO.: on outcrops near the summit of Santa Rosa
Mountain, elev. ca. 2500 m, Riefner 86-313 (COLO).
Rare, previously known from Santa Barbara, Tehama, and Glenn
Cos. in the Coast Ranges and in
Siskiyou and Modoc
Cos. (Hale and Cole 1988). Not included in the lichen flora of
southern California by Hasse
(1913).
-
Usnea californica Herre.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on Pinus muricata near the Field
Ranch, Riefner 87-328
(WIS).
This large pendulous species is well-known from the Santa Cruz
Peninsula (Herre 1907) north
to Mendocino Co.
(Malachowski 1975), but apparently has not been previously reported
from the south central
coast.
-
Usnea mutabilis Stirton.
-
LOS ANGELES CO.: on bark, 0.8 km NW of Catalina airfield, Santa
Catalina Island, Ryan
30908. SAN DIEGO CO.: on Lycium in maritime chaparral
at Torrey Pines Reserve,
Riefner 91-173 (UC).
Not known to have been collected from the mainland more than
once or twice after it was
reported from San Diego by
Motyka (1936-38).
-
Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla (Gyelnik) Hale.
-
SAN DIEGO CO.: on pebbles and rocks in maritime scrub at
Torrey Pines Reserve, Riefner 87-46 (COLO, US); SAN LUIS
OBISPO CO.: on shale along Coon
Creek near the Field
Ranch, Riefner 88-47.
Rare, previously reported only from Siskiyou Co. (Hale and Cole
1988). It has been
misidentified as X. hypopsila (Müll.
Arg.) Hale (Hale 1988).
-
Xanthoparmelia californica Hale.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on outcrops in open scrub at Camarillo Peaks,
Morro
Bay State Park, Riefner 92-423. TLC: norstictic acid.
Rare, previously collected only from Santa Barbara and
Sacramento Cos. (Hale and Cole
1988).
-
Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (Schaerer ex D. Dietr.)
Hale.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shale outcrops in the fog
zone of Coon Creek canyon at Montaña de Oro State Park,
Riefner 89-247 (WIS).
TLC: stictic, norstictic, and usnic acids.
This inconspicuous sorediate species was only recently
discovered in Humboldt, Siskiyou, and
Plumas Cos. in northern
California (Hale and Cole 1988).
-
Xanthoria ramulosa (Tuck.) Herre.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: maritime chaparral at Baywood Park,
Riefner 88-8;
maritime chaparral at Montaña de Oro State Park, Riefner
90-58 (WIS).
Very rare on shrubs along the southern California coast (Hale
and Cole 1988).
Unidentified Taxa
The following taxa remain unidentified despite consultation with
experts and may be new.
These are only a few of the
many problematic taxa occurring in California. For example, species
of the ubiquitous genera
Aspicilia and Lecidea s.l. are
presently almost impossible to identify except for a few distinctive
species. We encourage
other workers in the genera
listed below to request loans of material for further study.
-
Bryoria sp.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on Pinus muricata at Montaña
de Oro State Park,
Riefner 88-236 (CANL).
SONOMA CO.: on Pinus at Salt Point, Riefner 88-105.
TLC: norstictic and
connorsticitc acids. This robust species is
undoubtedly a member of the Implexae, closely related to
the European B.
kuemmerleana and the North American B.
spiralifera; it is not the former considering its very uniform
branches that are not
flattened or twisted, its long, spiralling
pseudocyphellae, and its color (I. Brodo, pers. comm.). Bryoria
spiralifera is much
more slender and is on exposed shrubs
as well as trees, while this mystifying taxon (filed as B.
cf. kuemmerleana at
CANL) grows only high in the canopy of coastal
conifers.
-
Hyperphyscia sp.
-
RIVERSIDE CO.: on outcrops along the Alessandro Trail off Bautista
Rd. E of Hemet, Riefner
90-139
(WIS). TLC: no substances. Fertile material of this saxicolous
species has not been previously
collected. The apothecia
are lecanorine, and the spores are brown, 2-celled, and slightly
shorter than in H.
adglutinata, although these are not
completely mature (J.W. Thomson, pers. comm.). Most saxicolous
specimens resembling a small,
slender-lobed,
rosettiform Physcia have been placed as Lecanora
demissa (Flot.) Zahlbr., a
central European taxon with simple, colorless
spores (Weber et al. 1987). This material appears to be a large
complex with easily confused
morphologies that range from
green to pruinose. Dull gray specimens may include authentic L.
demissa.
-
Lecanactis sp.
-
SAN DIEGO CO.: on the trunk of Quercus dumosa at Torrey
Pines Reserve, Riefner
92-90 (WIS).
Differs from L. lyncea by the strongly acicular, many-celled
spores, and the more open,
expanded apothecia (J.W.
Thomson, pers. comm.).
-
Pertusaria sp.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: supralittoral outcrops at White Point, Morro
Bay State Park, Riefner
86-27
(COLO); Riefner 87-214 (SBM); Riefner 89-225 (WIS).
TLC: norstictic and
connorstictic acids. Possibly undescribed (J.W.
Thomson, pers. comm.), not treated by Dibben (1980). Spores simple,
trimmed (Dibben 1980, fig.
4), 1-2 per ascus, 105
112 x 30-45 µm, with thick, single walls.
-
(?) Roccella sp.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: on shale cliffs in fog zone at Coon Creek,
Montaña de Oro State
Park, Riefner
88-260 (SBM, S); on rocks along Morro Bay at White Point, Morro
Bay State Park, Riefner
85-512 (COLO); Riefner 88-157
(WIS); Morro Bay State Park along marsh, Riefner 88-261
(DUKE); beneath ledges on sea
cliffs of Morro Rock Reserve,
Riefner 93-6 (WIS); Riefner 87-478 (COLO).
TLC: 2-O-methylperlatolic,
trace confluentic, gyrophoric, and lecanoric acids,
and an unidentified aliphatic compound (A-5, B-3, C-5, H+
brownish).
This bizarre sterile esorediate lichen is locally abundant on
rocks above the spray zone
from Morro Rock south to the
Montaña de Oro-Field Ranch area. It has been referred also to
Darbishirella and
Reinkella, and was even thought to be a
sickly Dendrographa minor, with which it is a common
associate. Dr. J.W. Thomson
believes it might be placed in Roccella
due to the arrangement of the cortical hyphae, which are oriented
perpendicular to the upper
surface. The lecanoric acid
and other secondary products eliminate Dendrographa minor as
a possibility. The thallus
readily fragments upon drying,
making it an ideal candidate for avian dispersal.
-
(?) Schizopelte sp.
-
SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: sheltered ledges at White Point, Morro Bay
State Park, Riefner
87-115;
overhangs in cliffs at Morro Rock Reserve, Riefner 89-47
(ASU, DUKE). BAJA CALIFORNIA
NORTE, MEXICO: Punta
Banda, Riefner & Bowler 92-426 (ASU). TLC: schizopeltic
acid, erythrin, and a series of
6-7 unidentified aliphatic
compounds, H+ brownish. The brown, verrucose spores and the presence
of erythrin and
schizopeltic acid indicate a
relationship with Schizopelte (A. Tehler, pers. comm.).
This interesting crustose
species forms subfruticose mounds in the
center of the thallus. It is locally common on rock above the ocean
spray limit in the Morro Bay
region.
-
Usnea sp.
-
SONOMA CO.: on oak and conifer branches in coastal woodland near
Jenner, Riefner
86-174 (WIS). The
curious tuberculae may denote an undescribed species; otherwise, this
material seems to fit
U. occidentalis Mot. (J.W.
Thomson, pers. comm.).
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Drs. I. M. Brodo,
Trevor Goward, the late Mason
E. Hale, Jr., G. Nell
Stevens, Isabelle Tavares, Anders Tehler, and William A. Weber. Dr.
John W. Thomson has been
especially helpful and
identified many of Riefner's specimens for this study. Ms. Anita
Johnson and Dr. Chicita
Culberson provided assistance
with TLC. We also thank the resource managers of many of the state
parks cited above for
collecting permits.
Literature cited:
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-
Caloplaca stantonii sp. nov. and its relationship to
Caloplaca bolacina and
other lobate to squamulose species in North America.
The Bryologist 95: 449-457.
- Arup, U. 1995a.
-
Eight species of Caloplaca in coastal western North
America. The Bryologist 98:
92-111.
- Arup, U. 1995b.
-
Littoral species of Caloplaca in North America: A summary
and a key. The Bryologist
98: 129-140.
- Baltzo, D.E. 1970.
-
A study of the lichens of Mount Diablo State Park. Master's
thesis, San Francisco State
University. 261 pp.
- Bratt, C.C. 1987.
-
Point Loma lichensnow and then, pp. 289-293. In
T.S. Elias (ed.), Conservation
and Management of Rare and Endangered
Plants. Proceedings of a California Conference on the Conservation
and Management of Rare and
Endangered Plants. California Native Plant
Society, Sacramento.
- Bratt, C.C. 1993.
-
The lichen flora of Santa Barbara Island, California, pp. 59-63.
In F.G. Hochberg
(ed.), Third California Islands Symposium: Recent
Advances in Research on the California Islands. Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History.
- Brodo, I.M. 1986.
-
A new species of the lichen genus Sulcaria (Ascomycotina,
Alectoriaceae) from
California. Mycotaxon 27: 113-117.
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Alectoria and allied genera in North America. Opera
Botanica 42: 1-164.
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Chemistry and taxonomy of the lichen genera Heterodermia
and Anaptychia in
the Carolinas. The Bryologist 69: 472
487.
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Lichens of Glacier National Park, Montana. The Bryologist 96:
192-204.
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The Chemosystematics of the Lichen Genus Pertusaria in
North America North of Mexico.
Publications in Biology and
Geology No. 5, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee. 162 pp.
- Egea, J.M. and P. Torrente. 1992.
-
Two new species of Lecanactis from Baja California. The
Bryologist 95: 161-165.
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The Lichen Flora of the United States. The University of Michigan
Press, Ann Arbor. 426 pp.
Pls. 1-47.
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Hypogymnia oceanica, a new lichen from the Pacific
Northwest of North America. The
Bryologist 91: 229-232.
- Hale, M.E., Jr. 1979.
-
How to Know the Lichens. W.C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 246
pp.
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New combinations in the lichen genus Xanthoparmelia
(Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae).
Mycotaxon 33: 401-406.
- Hale, M.E., Jr. and M. Cole. 1988
-
Lichens of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
254 pp.
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Cladonia thiersii: a new lichen from California.
Mycotaxon 34: 115-118.
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A preliminary synopsis of the species of Cladonia in
California and adjacent Oregon.
Mycotaxon 40: 169-197.
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-
A revision of Cladonia section Perviae in the
western United States. The
Bryologist 96: 299-309.
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Contributions to the lichen-flora of the Californian coast islands.
Bulletin of the Southern
California Academy of Sciences 2: 23
26.
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-
The lichen flora of southern California. Contributions from the
United States National
Herbarium 17(1): 1-132.
- Herre, A.W.C.T. 1907.
-
Lichen distribution in the Santa Cruz peninsula, California.
Botanical Gazette 43:
267-273.
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-
The lichen flora of the Santa Cruz Peninsula. Proceedings of the
Washington Academy of
Sciences 12:27-269.
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-
The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of
Sciences, 1932. No. 18. Lichens.
Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences, Series IV, 21: 211-224.
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-
Macrolichens of the pygmy forests. Master's thesis, California
State University, Chico. 63
pp. Pls. I-III.
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-
The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in
Fennoscandia. Symbolae Botanicae
Upsalienses 22(1): 1-108.
- Motyka, J. 1936-1938.
-
Lichenum Generis Usnea Studium Monographicum. Pars
Systematica. Vols. 1-2.
Published by the author. Lublin. 651
pp.
- Orcutt, C.R. 1907.
-
Lichenes, pp. 240-245, 367-372. In C.R. Orcutt, (ed.),
American Plants, Botany of
southern California (v. 1). San Diego.
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-
Three new species of Hypogymnia from western North America
(Lichenes: Hypogymniaceae).
Mycotaxon
16: 157-161.
- Riefner, R. E. Jr. 1989.
-
Punctelia punctilla (Hale) Krog, new to North America.
Phytologia 67: 254-257.
- Riefner, R. E. Jr. 1990.
-
Pertusaria pseudocorallina and Ramalina
fastigiata new to North America.
Mycotaxon 39: 31-41.
- Ryan, B. 1989.
-
A monograph of Lecanora subg. Placodium sect.
Endochloris
(Lichenized Ascomycotina). The Bryologist 92: 513-522.
- Ryan, B. and T.H. Nash, III.
-
1991. Lichen flora of the eastern Brook Lakes watershed, Sierra
Nevada Mountains, California.
The Bryologist 94: 181-195.
- Sheard, J.W. 1974.
-
The genus Dimelaena in North America north of Mexico. The
Bryologist 77: 128-141.
- Shevock, J. and D. W. Taylor. 1987.
-
Plant exploration in California, the frontier is still here, pp.
91-98. In T. S.
Elias (ed.), Conservation and
Management of Rare and Endangered Plants. Proceedings of a
California Conference on the
Conservation and Management of Rare and Endangered Plants.
California Native Plant Society,
Sacramento.
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-
Lichens and mosses of California serpentine. Master's thesis,
California State University at
San Francisco, California. 78 pp.
- Sipman, H.J.M. 1993.
-
Lichenotheca Latinoamericana a museo botanico berolinensi edita,
fasciculum secundum.
Willdenowia 23: 305-314.
- Tehler, A. 1983.
-
The genera Dirina and Roccellina (Roccellaceae).
Opera Botanica 70:
1-89.
- Tehler, A. 1993.
-
A new approach to the phylogeny of Euascomycetes with a cladistic
outline of Arthoniales
focussing on Roccellaceae. Canad. J. Bot.
68: 24-82.
- Tibell, L. 1976.
-
The genus Thelomma. Botaniska Notiser 129: 221-249.
- Thomson, J.W. 1963.
-
The genus Physcia in North America. Nova Hedwigia
Beihefte 7: 1-172.
- Tucker, S. 1973.
-
New records and comments on lichens of California. The Bryologist
76: 209-211.
- Tucker, S. and W.P. Jordan. 1979.
-
A catalog of California lichens. Wasmann Journal of Biology 36:
1-105.
- Volk, S. 1963.
-
Crustose lichen flora of Marin County, California. Master's
thesis, San Francisco State
College, California. 136 pp. Pls. 1-70.
- Weber, W.A. 1967.
-
A synopsis of the North American species of Cyphelium.
The Bryologist 70:
197-203.
- Weber, W.A., C. Bratt, and J. Larson.
-
1987. Lichens and bryophytes of the Santa Rosa Plateau Nature
Conservancy Reserve, Riverside
County,
California. Evansia 4: 21-25.
- Wilken, D.H. 1993.
-
California's changing climates and flora, pp. 55-58. In
J.C. Hickman (ed.), The
Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California.
University of California Press, Berkeley.
- Wilken, D.H. 1995.
-
Flowers in the garden: What next for California floristics?
Madroño 42: 142-153.
October Field Trip to Kyburz, El Dorado County
During the course of the afternoon and evening of October 13,
fifteen CALS members found
their way to the Sierra
Nevada community of Kyburz and from there to the nearby cabin Herb
Saylor had so kindly offered
us as a field trip
headquarters. This was on National Forest land, and the cabin was a
gem dating back to the
thirties.
From there we took off after breakfast on Saturday. Not only
was Herb a genial host, but he
knows the area well and has
led many mushroom forays there as well as serving as guide to
lichenologists.
Our first stop was at the Eagle Rock Picnic Area on Highway 50
just east of Kyburz. Among
the alders (Alnus sp.), White
Firs (Abies concolor), Incense Cedars (Calocedrus
decurrens), Sugar Pines
(Pinus lambertiana), and dogwood (Cornus
sp.) interspersed with boulders we collected Peltigera,
Buellia,
Acarospora, Rhizocarpon, Parmelia, and
Ochrolechia.
From there we proceeded southeast on Silver Fork Road to the
site of a large burn dating
from 1971. Some crustose
lichens, such as a 10 cm Lecanora, were doing well on
boulders well within the burn
area. Ponderosa Pine (Pinus
ponderosa) predominated here with oaks across the road. Lichens
collected from the area
included Bacidia, Buellia,
Tuckermannopsis, Melanelia, and
Physconia.
We continued on Silver Fork Road, turning on Road 71 to Hay
Flat, an area at 7200 feet
elevation across the road from an
aspen grove. Here we had lunch.
The best collecting of the day was at our last stop at
Packsaddle Pass at 7100 feet on Road
71 northwest of Hay Flat.
Rocks there were volcanic aggregates or breccia, and the trees were
mostly White Pine (Pinus
monticola). West-facing
rocks were well covered with lichens, whereas south-facing boulders
were essentially bare.
Collections made here
included Umbilicaria and Acarospora.
Evening found the group back at the cabin. Following an
informational meeting and happy
hour, Barbara Lachelt and
Winona Kondolf served a delicious lamb stew accompanied by salad and
followed by cookies. As
there was no energy left,
not even for celebrating our busy and productive day, some members
returned home and those
remaining retired soon
after.
Next morning's program consisted of collecting in the vicinity
of the cabin, where we found
Evernia, Lecanora, Bryoria,
Melanelia, and Rinodina.
Weather, lichens, food, lodging, and company were all outstanding,
and the field trip was
declared a success. Thank you,
Herb Saylor.
Janet Doell
Collections Made on the Kyburz Field Trip by S. Tucker and C.
Bratt (142+ collections, ca. 74
species).
Sites: 1. Eagle Rock Picnic Area; 2. Burn area on Silver Fork Road;
3. Hay Flat; 4.
Packsaddle Pass; 5. Vicinity of Saylor
cabin near Kyburz.
Acarospora bullata Anzi 4
Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arn. 2
Ahtiana sphaerosporella (Ach.) Goward 3
Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl.) Arn. 1
Aspicilia sp. 1: 2, 4
Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 5
Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) Mass. 4
Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. 1, 5
Caloplaca cf. ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr. 4
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. 4, 5
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg., on rock
2, 4
Candelariella sp. on bark 3
Cladonia - 2 spp. 1, 5
Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann 2, 4
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norm. 2
Esslingeriana idahoensis (Essl.) Hale & Lai 5
Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. 5
Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach. ex Liljeblad) M. Choisy
1
Hypogymnia enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl. 5
Hypogymnia imshaugii Krog 1, 2, 4, 5
Koerberia sonomensis (Tuck.) Henss. 1
Lecanora caesiorubella Ach. ssp. merrillii Imsh. &
Brodo 5
Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Lindsay 1
Lecanora pacifica Tuck. 3, 5
Lecanora sierrae Ryan 4
Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond in Lam. & DC.) Schaer.
1, 2, 4
Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Hertel 1, 3, 5
Leproloma cf. membranaceum (Dicks.) Vain. 1
Leptochidium albociliatum (Desmaz.) M. Choisy 2
Leptogium californicum Tuck. 1
Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. 2
Leptogium tenuissimum (Dicks.) Koerber 5
Letharia columbiana (Nutt.) Thoms. 4
Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue 2, 3, 5
Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth 5
Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. 3
Melanelia incolorata (Parr.) Essl. (M. elegantula
[Zahlbr.] Essl.) 3
Melanelia subelegantula (Essl.) Essl. 1
Melanelia subolivacea (Nyl. in Hasse) Essl. 1, 3,
4, 5
Melanelia sp. 3
Nephroma helveticum Ach. 1
Ochrolechia mexicana Vain. 1
Ochrolechia subpallescens Vers. 5
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. 1, 2, 5
Parmelia sulcata Taylor 1
Parmeliella testacea P.M. Jørg. 2, 5
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. 1, 2
Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad. 1, 5
Pertusaria sp., on bark 1, 5
Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. 1
Physcia albinea (Ach.) Nyl. 2
Physcia callosa Nyl. 1, 2
Physconia americana Essl. 1, 5
Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt 1, 5
Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt 1, 5
Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & C. Culb. 1, 5
Platismatia cf. stenophylla (Tuck.) Culb. & C.
Culb. 5
Psora nipponica (Zahlbr.) G. Schneid. 2
Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. 5
Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. 1
Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC. in Lam. & DC.)
Leuck. & Poelt 4
Rinodina sp., on rock 2
Rinodina sp., on bark 1, 3, 5
Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd. in Humb.) Hale
1
Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. 5
Tuckermannopsis merrillii (DR.) Hale 2, 5
Tuckermannopsis platyphylla (Tuck.) Hale 1, 2, 5
Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. 4
Umbilicaria phaea Tuck. 2
Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. 2
Usnea sp. 1, 5
Sterile crust 2, 5
Shirley C. Tucker and Charis C. Bratt
CALS Field Trip of July 16,1995 to San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo
County
This field trip on San Bruno Mountain just south of San
Francisco was led by David Schooley,
member of Bay Area Land
Watch, long time guide to the mountain, and a new member of CALS.
Present were Doris Baltzo,
Charis Bratt, Bill Hill,
Barbara Lachelt, Marguerite Longtin and her children, Franchesca and
Rene, Mikki McGee, Bob
Stewart, and Bob and Pat
West.
The mountain, which is a plant island, has many niches with 542
vascular plant species in
3000 acres (1200 ha.)
(McClintock, Knight, and Fahy 1968), such that different habitats
interdigitate and intergrade:
Franciscan dune scrub,
montane vegetation, Californian Grassland, and Coast Range
scrub-forest can be found all within a
short distance.
The first stop on the way up was an unscheduled one near the
Mars-scape of radio dishes just
under the summit at 1314
feet. From the parking lot we went down onto the stretch of Main
Ridge Trail that runs between
the Radio Towers and the
steep, north-facing headwall of Devil's Arroyo. Within minutes, the
group was strung out over
hundreds of yards of trail,
one bunch examining crustose and squamulose lichens at the edge of
the parking lot, while others
became engrossed
among the windswept, Parmotrema-covered Coyote Bush,
Baccharis pilularis.
The summit area proved to be very rich. We never really got off
of it. We explored Fog
Zone Coastal Scrub and stony
ridge areas, both windswept and protected. The accompanying list of
finds is partial and
provisional: much of the material
has not been identified to species. Among the Parmotrema
was a variety of lichens of
all habits. Cladonia was everywhere.
But, as Charis pointed out, the crustose lichens were the show
stoppers. They were everywhere,
in quantity and variety.
In addition to the species listed below, Charis reported
Caloplaca californica Zahlbr.
from an unspecified spot.
Many of the group did not explore the area of greatest interest
to me: the windswept
chaparral-boulder grassland on the
south slope (Sage Canyon Ridge), where some very interesting lichens
were to be found among the
Poison Oak,
Toxicodendron diversilobum, and Coyote Bush. Instead, they
picnicked in the parking
lot, directly overlooking the very
steep headwall of Poison Oak Ravine (the names of some of the arroyos
and ravines suggest why
this small and contrary
mountain
has been much left alone). They were tired from the unscheduled
examination of "prime lichen
habitat" on Kamchatka Point
(Loop Trail in the list.) This area had been passed over by myself
as rocky and uninteresting.
After lunch, the majority of the group went their way, while
David led Bill Hill and myself
through another steep canyon
loaded with lichens, Bay, Umbellularia californica, Coast
Live Oak, Quercus
agrifolia, Ivy-leaved Cherry, Prunus ilicifolia,
and a bit too much Poison Oak (I got a bad dose of it.)
The head ranger of the Park was pleased to receive the
preliminary checklist, and passed it
on to the County Commissioner of Ecology. It was desired data. I
believe we will be welcome in
the future, and I will be happy to guide others up on
the hill by special arrangement. Collecting permits are needed.
It is too bad that the lichens were not their usual best on fogless
16 July. There is often fog
on the mountain, especially
around the full and new moons, and I and the lichens like the fog.
Give me a call, if you are
interested in going up there:
415-467-5285.
Mikki McGee
Reference cited:
- McClintock, E., W. Knight, and N. Fahy. 1968.
-
A flora of the San Bruno Mountains, San Mateo County, California.
Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences, Series IV, 32(20):587-677.
SBM PR DL SC ATR
Aspicilia sp. ? ?
Buellia halonia (Ach.) Tuck. ? x x x
Buellia sp. ? x x x
Caloplaca sp. (on detritus) x
Candelariella sp. x
Cladonia cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow
ssp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti x x
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. x
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrader x
Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. x
Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz x
Dimelaena radiata (Tuck.) Hale & Culb. x x x x
Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. x
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreber) Norman x ? x x
Diploschistes sp. ? x x
Endocarpon sp. x
Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirton) Hale x x x
Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt x x
Hypogymnia sp. x
Lecanora pinguis Tuck. x x
Lecidea sp. x
Lecidella subincongrua (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuck.
var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuck. X X
Lepraria sp. x x x x
Leptogium sp. x
Melanelia glabra (Schaerer) Essl. ? x
Nephroma laevigatum Ach. x
Niebla combeoides (Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler x
Niebla homalea (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler x x
Niebla sp. (?) x x
Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory x
Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti x x x
Pertusaria californica Dibben x x
Pertusaria flavicunda Tuck. x x
Pertusaria sp. x x
Physcia callosa Nyl. x x
Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. x
Punctelia sp. x
Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. x x
Rhizocarpon sp. x x x x
Rinodina sp. x
Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. ? x x
Teloschistes flavicans (Swartz) Norman x x
Usnea californica Herre x ?
Usnea rubicunda Stirton x x
Usnea wirthii Clerc x ?
Usnea sp. x x x
Verrucaria sp. ? x x x
Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale x ? ? x
Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyelnik) Hale x ? ? x
Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. x x
Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber x x x
Book Review
Bruce McCune and Trevor Goward. Macrolichens of the Northern Rocky
Mountains. Mad River Press,
Eureka, California.
1995. 208 pp. with 176 black-and-white drawings by the authors,
Alexander G. Mikulin, Daphne F.
Stone, and Lucy Taylor.
ISBN 0-916422-82-8. Price about $30.00.
This manual will be a useful companion to earlier hand-books
published in the United States
in the past 34 years,
because of the numerous nomenclatural changes and the increase of
knowledge about lichens during
that time. It will be
especially useful in the western part of the continent.
The volume is well designed and makes good use of space, with
lists of abbreviations on the
inside covers and the
insertion of drawings within the keys. The introductory portion
provides helpful suggestions for
beginners in lichenology,
but the discussion of distribution patterns and habitats should be of
wider general interest.
Two sets of keys are provided:
one to basidiomycetous lichens and to ascomycetous lichens of
different formsfoliose,
gelatinous, squamulose, and
fruticose; the other, to families and genera within families. These
are followed by illustrated
keys to species. There is also
a key to phycobionts. There are convenient tables comparing species
within Bryoria,
Hypogymnia, and Xanthoparmelia.
The information provided in most genera appears to be beyond
serious criticism. However,
the key to Usnea species
would have been more useful if the drawing said to represent U.
scabrata showed the
abundant large papillae and the deep,
flat-bottomed pits which are the chief diagnostic characters of this
taxon (the lower part of a
large branch with the papillae
worn off, if that is what was drawn, should not have been shown); if
there had been more
information about papilla shape
and size (so that the user would learn that the papillae of U.
filipendula and U.
diplotypus are similar); and if the taxa
referred to under the Usnea plicata group had been separate
entries, carefully
described, and entered as numbered Usnea
species. Also, I suspect that the pendent U. scabiosa
Motyka, described from northern
New Mexico, may be masquerading here as U. scabrata ssp.
nylanderiana.
Isabelle Tavares
Errata
In the article "Toninia in California" by Charis Bratt
and Darrell Wright (Bull.
Cal. Lich. Soc. 2[1]: 5-7), the key fails at
couplet 5. As a replacement, Charis Bratt offers the following key,
which, she finds, works in
practice:
1a Spores 1-septate 2
1b Spores more than 1-septate 4
2a Epithecium olivaceous to bright green, K-, N+
talparum
2b Epithecium gray, K+, N+ 3
3a Thallus usually pruinose; epithecium often containing crystals;
spores broadly to narrowly fusiform, 1-septate, 12-24 X 3-5 µm
sedifolia
3b Thallus usually epruinose; epithecium seldom containing crystals;
spores broadly fusiform, 1-septate, 10-16.5 X 3.5-4.5 µm
massata
4a Spores 1- to 3-septate 5
4b Spores mostly 3-septate 6
4c Spores 3- to 7-septate 7
5a Epithecium dark brown, sometimes with a faint
green tinge; K-, N- (or sometimes faintly N+);
spores ellipsoid to bacilliform, 1- to 3-septate,
10.5-19 X 3.5-5 µm verrucarioides
5b Epithecium dark reddish brown, K+ red, N-;
spores 1- to 3- (-4) septate, narrowly ellipsoid
to bacilliform, 12-31 X 3-4.5 µm
ruginosa pacifica
6a Epithecium gray, K+, N+ violet, hypothecium pale
brown to colorless; spores (1-) 3-septate,
17-42.5 X 3.5-5 µm
submexicana
6b Epithecium dark olivaceous to bright green, K-,
N+ violet; hypothecium dark reddish brown
(paler in upper part); spores (1-) 3-septate,
12-22.5 X 4-5.5 µm aromatica
7a Epithecium dark olivaceous to bright green, K-,
N+ violet; hypothecium pale brown to colorless;
spores acicular, 3- to 7-septate, 23-41.5 X
2.5-4.5 µm squalida
7b Epithecium dark reddish brown, K+ red, N-;
spores 3- to 7- (-9) septate, 20-42 X 3-4 µm
ruginosa ruginosa
Wright would have preferred two dichotomies at lead 4 with the
distinction between 4a and 4b
more sharply drawn, if
possible, but he is not able to guarantee that his proposed key would
be better in practice.
Darrell Wright
For figure 1 in the same article substitute the following:
Fig. 1. Ascus apices of Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.)
Massal. (a), and
Mycobilimbia obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm, (b). 1. I+/- tholus
(apical
sac); 2. Axial mass. 3. Ocular chamber. 4. Outer wall of ascus.
5. Inner wall. 6. I+ tubular
structures ("Röhrenstrukturen").
News
Lichens on Cedar RoofsStudy Welcomes Participants
A survey is currently under way of the lichens, mosses, and
algae which colonize cedar shake
and shingle roofs in California. If you or any neighbors or friends
have cedar roofs and might
be willing to take part in this study, please contact Myles
Wilson at the UC Berkeley Forest Products Laboratory, (510)525-4879
or (510)215-4229.
Summer Lichen Classes Held
Beginning classes given by Barbara Lachelt were held on two
Saturdays, July 8 and 22, at San
Francisco State
University. It was a very enthusiastic group practicing terms and
keys using Hale and Cole's
Lichens of California.
A crustose lichen seminar was presented on July 15 by Charis
Bratt. It was illustrated by
microscope slides of crustose
genera projected on a TV monitor. Exhaustive preparation went into
this program. Fourteen
people were present for the
crustose seminar, and eight signed up for the classes. Kevin Foley
helped greatly with the
logistics of these three
Saturdays. Dr. Dennis des Jardins arranged for the use of the lab
and microscopes. All the
assistance provided by San
Francisco State University is much appreciated.
Barbara Lachelt
Upcoming Events
-
January 12: The Society is sponsoring an informal reception
for CALS member Dr. Tom Nash
of Arizona State University
following a lecture on the Sonoran Desert Lichen Project to be given
by Dr. Nash at the Jepson
Herbarium at 8 pm that
evening. Come to Room 1001 next to Tyrannosaurus rex on the
first floor of the Valley
Life Science Building on the UC
Berkeley campus. Someone will be at the north end of the building to
let you in. Evening
parking is available in Faculty
Staff, Student, and non-restricted Central Campus permit areas.
Bring $3- in quarters for the
meter. The Valley Life
Science Building is also within walking distance of BART. See
map.
-
January 20-21: Field trip to the University of
California's Hastings Reserve in Carmel
Valley. The Reserve is situated 26
miles southeast of Carmel at 38601 East Carmel Valley Road. Cost
will be $10- for one night,
including Saturday dinner and
Sunday breakfast, or $15- including Saturday breakfast also (if you
come Friday evening). You
will be responsible for
Friday dinner, all lunches, and your beverages. The Reserve charges
a modest $2.50 a night,
which is included in the
above fee. There are 14 beds in rooms and a sleeping porch, plus
room for tents and campers.
Please let Janet Doell know at (510)236-0489 if and when you
plan to come or if you need
more information. I will send you
a map and further instructions, including the gate combination. Be
sure to call me if, for some
reason, you don't get these
instructions in time.
-
April 20-21: Field trip to Morro Bay State Park. May
include a seminar at the
Morro Bay Museum, located within walking
distance of the campground. There are motels in the area for those
not caring to camp. More
details will be appearing
closer to the date. Keep the weekend free if you are interested. If
you wish to sign up early,
call either Janet Doell at
(510)236-0489 or Charis Bratt at (805)682-4711, ext. 327.
-
June 15-16: Lichen classes will again be offered by
Barbara Lachelt at San
Francisco State University. There will be a
fee of $10- for each of the two days. Please call Barbara at
(415)456-2918 if you are
interested.
-
October 19-20: Field trip in the Siskiyou Mountains in
Southern Oregon. We have
invited the Northwest Lichen Guild to
join us for this event. This will be a real campout in lichen rich
country. Details in a future
Bulletin.
President's Corner
The year 1995 has been a good one for CALS. Membership has
grown to 117, events are well
attended, and the Bulletin is
being recognized in the literature lists.
With our second year coming to an end it is time for elections.
The Society is now of such
a size that a longer roster of
officers is required to administer our activities efficiently. These
officers will also serve as
the Board of Directors for the
next two years. The Nominating Committee has prepared the following
slate of officers:
President: Janet Doell
Vice President: Charis Bratt
Secretary: Elizabeth Sampson
Treasurer: Bob Stewart
Member-at-Large: Darrell Wright
You will find a ballot enclosed with this issue of the
Bulletin.
As my first term in office comes to a close, I would like to
thank all those who helped get
the California Lichen Society off
the ground, with special thanks going to Harry and Ellen Thiers,
Barbara Lachelt, Charis Bratt,
Darrell Wright, Isabelle
Tavares, and Bill Hill. The support of all our members near and far
has been much
appreciated.
DuesIt's That Time of Year Again
Over the past two years CALS has grown to a point where our dues
of $10.00 are no longer
adequate to pay for the very
important Bulletin as well as to support our other programs,
activities, and mailings.
In order to continue to make the
Society available to all our members and yet increase our income, we
are presenting the following
membership schedule:
Regular 15.00 The Bulletin and all activities
Sponsor 25.00 of the Society are available to
Donor 35.00 all members regardless of their
Student 10.00 dues category.
To facilitate planning, please remit your dues payment between
January and March, if at all
possible. Thank you.
Welcome to Our One Hundredth Member
With the receipt of a gift membership to CALS from his friend
Ernie Fremont (CALS member
since May of this year), Joe
Callizo became the 100th individual to join the California Lichen
Society.
Following a childhood spent in a ranching situation in Pope
Valley, Napa County, Joe studied
zoology at UC Berkeley and
UC Davis. During this time he was also interested in plants of all
kinds, having been curious
about things "that I saw for
which I had no names." This interest led to his becoming an
outstanding, active botanist within
the borders of Napa County.
Serpentine vegetation has been one of his special interests, and he
has published on that
subject.
Joe is now caretaker and manager of the 730 acre Wantrup
Preserve in Polk Valley. This area
is kept as a wildlife refuge
by the Napa County Land Trust, an organization similar to the Nature
Conservancy but limited to
Napa County. Joe is on
the Board and chairs two committees. He is also very active in the
local chapter of the
California Native Plant Society and
has served on the State Board of that organization.
Joe is anxious to host a CALS field trip to Wantrup Preserve
where a big house with three
spare bedrooms and a large
living room is available for visitors, along with plenty of room for
campers outside. Any member
of CALS is also welcome to
go to the Preserve and scout around with Joe and Ernie. Any member
wanting to take him up on
this offer can reach him at
Wantrup Preserve, 4733 Hardin Road, St. Helena, CA 94574,
(707)963-2225.
It would appear from all this that Joe has much to offer CALS,
and we welcome him as our
100th member. Let's see what
we can offer him.
In Memoriam
It is with sadness that I report the death from lung cancer of
CALS member Jane Becker-Haven
this past summer. Jane
was a docent at Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological
Preserve. An avid birder and
active in the local Audubon
Society, she was interested in many aspects of natural history. Her
cheerful presence will be
missed by her many friends
and associates.