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section with plurilocular organs and paraphyses after Setchell and Gardner 1925
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Synonyms:
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Scytosiphon simplicissimus (Clemente) Cremades
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Illustrations:
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Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 199, fig. 162 (habit); Kornmann and Sahling 1977, p. 139, fig. 74 (photos: habit); Scagel 1967, p. 109, fig. 40a (habit), fig. 40b (x-section, vegetative anatomy); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 44, fig. 72 (x-section, vegetative anatomy); Waaland 1977, pl. 5, lower right (photo: habit); Wynne 1969a, pl. 14 (photos: habit, field-collected erect plants), pls. 15–17 (cultured erect and crustose plants)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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Erect thalli: Port Clarence, Bering Sea, Alaska (Setchell 1899, p. 591) to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (Smith 1944, p. 129); San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. (Sparling 1977, p. 38); Government Pt., Santa Barbara Co., Calif. to Islas San Benito, Baja Calif. (Dawson 1953b, p. 117); Channel Is., Calif. (San Miguel I.: Miller in UC; Santa Rosa I.: Murray and Littler 1989, p. 67; Santa Cruz I.: Apt et al. 1988, p. 42; San Nicolas I., Santa Catalina I.: Nicholson and Cimberg 1971, p. 377; San Clemente I.: Sims 1974, p. 16); Crustose thalli: Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif (Wynne 1969a, p. 33)
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Molecular Taxonomy:
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G. Cho et al. 2001; Tan and Druehl 1996; Tan and Druehl 1994; Tan and Druehl 1993
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Life History:
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highly variable and plastic, affected by daylength, temperature, and geography, involving tubular erect thalli bearing plurilocular sporangia and crustose Ralfsia-like thalli bearing unilocular thalli, but the two phases alternating facultatively with or without the intervention of sexual reproduction (anisogamy) (tom Dieck 1987; Lüning 1980b; Clayton 1980; Clayton 1978; Clayton 1976; Roberts and Ring 1972; Wynne 1972b, p. 133; Wynne 1969a, p. 31; Lund 1966; Tatewaki 1966; Frye 1930; Frye and Phifer 1930)
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Molecular Genetics:
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Kawai et al. 1995
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Biology/Ecology:
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Aguilar Rosas and Machado Galindo 1990, p. 188; Lüning 1990; Shannon et al. 1988a; Lüning and Freshwater 1988, p. 310; tom Dieck 1987; Dethier 1984, p. 106; Munda 1984; Dring and Lüning 1983; Littler and Littler 1984; Littler and Arnold 1982, p. 309; Lubchenco 1982; Lüning 1982 p. 51; Stewart 1982, p. 53; Dethier 1981, p. 335; Lubchenco and Cubit 1980, p. 677; Lüning 1980b; Thom 1980a, p. 9; Thom 1980b, p. 105; Devinny 1978, p. 358; Emerson and Zedler 1978, p. 318; Littler and Murray 1978, p. 588; Murray and Littler 1978, p. 509; Dayton 1975, p. 140; Littler and Murray 1975, p. 281; Murray and Littler 1974, p. 72; Carefoot 1973, p. 229; Rhodes and Connell 1973; Lüning and Dring 1973; Paine and Vadas 1969b, p. 80; R. Lee 1965a, p. 15; R. Lee 1965b, p. 113; Scagel 1961, p. 528
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Epiphytes:
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Erythrocladia irregularis, Haplogloia andersonii
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Morphology:
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Aa. Kristiansen et al. 1994; Aa. Kristiansen et al. 1991
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Ultrastructure:
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Katsaros et al. 1994; Clayton and Beakes 1983; Cole 1970, p. 275
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Physiology:
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R. Schmid et al. 1994; Lüning 1990; Dring and Lüning 1975a; Dring and Lüning 1975b
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Chemistry:
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Stefanov et al. 1996 Noda et al. 1990, p. 578; Zavodnik 1981; Ragan and Jensen 1979; Rönnerstrand 1943, p. 48
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Economic Applications:
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Mumford 1980, p. 16
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