Pterygophora californica Ruprecht

Illustrations:

Sporophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 240, fig. 197 (habit); McKay 1933, pl. 15 (development of juveniles); Scagel 1967, p. 149, fig. 60 (habit); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 74: (photo: habit). Gametophytes: McKay 1933, pl. 13 (male and female)

Pacific Coast Distribution:

Alaska (Cook Inlet, drift: Lindstrom 1977, p. 76; Cape Bingham: Druehl 1969, p. 165) to Bahia Rosario, Baja Calif. (Dawson 1951b, p. 50); Channel Is., Calif. (Santa Rosa I.: Silva 5999 in UC; Santa Cruz I.: Silva 6251 in UC; Anacapa I.: Neushul et al. 1967, p. 40; San Nicolas I.: Estes and Harrold 1988, p. 144); Baja Calif. (Islas Los Coronados: Silva 4761 in UC; Punta Descanso and Bahía Rosario: Dawson 1951b, p. 50)

Molecular Taxonomy:

Saunders and Druehl 1993b; Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992a

Evolution:

Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992b

Life History:

alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes (Cole 1967b, p. 523; McKay 1933)

Chromosomes:

Cole 1967b, p. 523; McKay 1933

Biology/Ecology:

D. Reed et al. 1996; Danner et al. 1995; K. Wilson et al. 1995; Lüning 1994; Clark 1993; Konar 1993; Lüning and Kadel 1993; DeWreede et al. 1992; D. Reed et al. 1992; Amsler and Neushul 1991; Lüning 1991; Foster et al. 1991, p. 249; D. Reed et al. 1991; Watanabe and Harrold 1991, p. 127; Amsler and Neushul 1990b; Lüning 1990; North et al. 1990; D. Reed 1990a; D. Reed 1990b; Amsler and Neushul 1989; Dean et al. 1989; T. Wilson and Schlotterbeck 1989; Estes and Harrold 1988; Foster and Schiel 1988; Harrold et al. 1988; Laur et al. 1988; Lüning and Freshwater 1988, p. 312; D. Reed 1988; DeWreede 1986; DeWreede 1986; Druehl and Breen 1986, p. 99; Schiel and Foster 1986, p. 271; Breda and Foster 1985, p. 116; Dayton 1985, p. 217; Ebeling et al. 1985, p. 287; Foster and Schiel 1985; Harrold and Reed 1985, p. 1163; DeWreede 1984; Dean et al. 1984; D. Reed and Foster 1984, p. 937; Breen et al. 1982, p. 15; Cowen et al. 1982, p. 191; DeWreede 1982; Foster 1982b, p. 188; Lüning 1982, p. 50; Pace 1981; Hodgson and Waaland 1980, p. 110; Pearse and Hines 1979, p. 83; Devinny and Kirkwood 1974, p. 102; Rosenthal et al. 1974, p. 672; Aleem 1973, p. 86; Neushul 1972, p. 60; Druehl 1970, p. 242; Druehl 1969, p. 165; Paine and Vadas 1969b, p. 80; Clarke and Neushul 1967, p. 32; Neushul 1967, p. 85; Neushul et al. 1967, p. 40; Scagel 1961, p. 528; Rigg and Miller 1949; Doty 1946, p. 324; Frye 1918

Epiphytes:

Acrochaetium pacificum, Amplisiphonia pacifica, Antithamnion densum, Ectocarpus commensalis, Hymenena fryeana, Kallymenia oblongifructa, Membranoptera platyphylla, Membranoptera tenuis, Microcladia coulteri, Myriogramme spectabilis, Myrionema balticum, Neoptilota californica, Porphyra gardneri, Porphyra variegata, Rhodophysema elegans

Morphology:

Makarov et al. 1995; Lüning 1991; Hymanson et al. 1990

Ultrastructure:

Henry and Cole 1982b, p. 571; Henry and Cole 1982a, p. 551; Henry 1980, p. 9; Henry 1979

Physiology:

Fuhrberg et al. 1996; Watanabe et al. 1992; Amsler 1988a; Amsler 1988b

Immunology:

Eardley et al. 1990; Hempel et al. 1989

Chemistry:

Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 189; Whyte and Englar 1983, p. 163

Economic Applications:

Druehl and Boal 1981, p. 578; Mumford 1980, p. 19