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plant with unilocular organs from Setchell and Gardner 1925
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Illustrations:
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Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 147, fig. 109 (microscopic detail, plurilocular plant); Cardinal 1964, pl. 1, figs. a, c, f, h, j (branching pattern), fig. b (vegetative detail), fig. d (unilocular detail), figs. e, g, k, l (plurilocular detail); Müller and Stache 1989, p. 75, figs. 6, 7, 8 (photos: various isolates with unilocular and plurilocular organs); Scagel 1967, p. 79, fig. 25a (habit), fig. 25b (branching pattern), fig. 25c (cellular detail), fig. 25d (plurilocular detail, as Pylaiella littoralis); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 37, fig. 32 (unilocular detail, as Pylaiella littoralis); Wilce et al. 1982, p. 341, fig. 7 (vegetative habit), p. 343, figs. 9, 10 (rhizoidal bases), p. 346, figs. 11–17 (unilocular and plurilocular organs)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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St. Lawrence I., Bering Sea (Setchell and Gardner 1925, p. 402, as Pylaiella littoralis) to Trinidad, Humboldt Co., Calif. (Dawson 1965a, p. 11, as Pylaiella littoralis); Belvedere, Marin Co., Calif. (MBG 1018573) to Monterey Peninsula, Calif. (Smith 1944, p. 93, as Pylaiella littoralis); Channel Is., Calif. (San Clemente I.: Miller in UC); San Pedro, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (Smith 1944, p. 93, as Pylaiella littoralis)
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Taxonomy:
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Siemer and Pedersen 1995; Bolton 1979
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Molecular Taxonomy:
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Stache-Crain et al. 1997
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Life History:
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Field plants with unilocular organs bore zooids which germinated and grew into plants identical to field collected specimens through successive generations: (West 1967, Washington state); free living Pilayella balls, and much vegetative fragmentation: (Wilce et al. 1982, east coast Atlantic); unilocular and plurilocular plants recycle in culture, with no sex: (Nygren 1979, Sweden); Field plants with unilocular and plurilocular organs recycle directly without sex: (Müller and Stache 1989, Germany, Ireland, and Chile); (also see Pedersen 1984)
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Chromosomes:
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Nygren 1979; Müller and Stache 1989; Cole 1967b, p. 522
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Biology/Ecology:
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Santelices 1992, p. 369; Lüning 1990; Sibert 1982, p. 209; Pomeroy and Levings 1980, p. 3; Prange 1978; Pomeroy 1977, p. 42; Prange 1976, p. 94; Pomeroy and Stockner 1976, p. 1179; Scagel 1961, p. 528
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Ultrastructure:
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Kerby and Evans 1981; Kerby and Evans 1978; Markey and Wilce 1976a; Markey and Wilce 1976b; Markey and Wilce 1975
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Physiology:
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Maier et al. 1998; R. Schmid et al. 1994 Prahl 1979, p. 166
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Chemistry:
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Ragan and Glombitza 1986; Kerby and Evans 1981; Ragan 1981, p. 614; R. Reed 1980; Ragan and Jensen 1979; Rönnerstrand 1943, p. 48
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