Lessoniopsis littoralis (Farlow et Setchell ex Tilden) Reinke

Illustrations:

Sporophyte: Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 247, fig. 200 (habit); Fritsch 1945, p. 214, fig. 76F (detail of unilocular sporophylls and branch formation); Scagel 1967, p. 147, fig. 59 (habit); Setchell and Gardner 1925, pl. 67, (photo: young sporophyte), pl. 68 (photo: unilocular sporophylls)

Pacific Coast Distribution:

Kodiak I., Gulf of Alaska, Alaska (Druehl 1969, p. 164) to Kasler Point, Monterey Co., Calif. (Silva 802 in UC)

Molecular Taxonomy:

Saunders and Druehl 1993b; Saunders and Druehl 1992a

Evolution:

Druehl and Saunders 1992; Saunders and Druehl 1992b; Estes and Steinberg 1988

Life History:

uninvestigated, but presumably alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes

Genetics:

Liptack and Druehl 2000; Fain et al. 1988, p. 293

Biology/Ecology:

Lüning 1990; Foster et al. 1988, p. 7; Leigh et al. 1987, p. 1315; Druehl and Green 1982, p. 167; Menge and Lubchenco 1981, p. 433; Sousa et al. 1981, p. 297; Dayton 1975, p. 139; Himmelman and Carefoot 1975; Paine 1974, p. 117 (as Lessoniopsis); Druehl 1970, p. 241; Druehl 1969, p. 164; Widdowson 1965b, p. 1428; Scagel 1961, p. 528; Rigg and Miller 1949; Doty 1946, p. 324

Epiphytes:

Ectocarpus commensalis, Hollenbergia subulata, Membranoptera dimorpha, Membranoptera platyphylla, Microcladia borealis, Porphyra gardneri

Endophytes:

Endophyton ramosum

Ultrastructure:

Henry and Cole 1982b, p. 571; Henry and Cole 1982a, p. 551; Henry 1980, p. 9

Physiology:

Kremer 1979, p. 245; K. Schmitz 1982, p. 171

Chemistry:

Van Alstyne et al. 1999; Whyte and Englar 1983, p. 163

Economic Applications:

Druehl and Boal 1981, p. 578