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Illustrations:
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Sporophyte: Druehl 1968, pl. II, fig. 6 (photo: habit), pl. V, fig. 22 (photo: x-section, blade anatomy), pl. VI, fig. 34 (photo: x-section, stipe anatomy); Kanda 1938, p. 97 (photo: habit), p. 100, fig. 15 E–H (development from zygote); Miyabe 1902, pls. XII, XIII (habit); Tokida et al. 1980, p. 323, fig. 16 (photo: habit of lectotype), fig. 17 (habit); Gametophyte: Kanda 1938, p. 98, fig. 13, p. 100, fig. 15 A–D (female), p. 99, fig. 14 (male)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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St. Matthew I., Bering Sea (Heine 1989, p. 257); Amchitka I., Aleutian Is., Alaska (Druehl 1968, p. 540) to Hope I., British Columbia (Druehl 1970, p. 240)
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Life History:
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alternation of heteromorphic phases, with a macroscopic sporophyte and dioecious microscopic gametophytes (Kanda 1938)
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Genetics:
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Bhattacharya, Mayes et al. 1991
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Biology/Ecology:
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Lüning 1990; Heine 1989; Foster and Schiel 1985, p. 50; Calvin and Ellis 1978; Druehl 1970, p. 239; Druehl 1969, p. 164
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Epiphytes:
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Porphyra gardneri
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Taxonomy/Morphology:
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Tokida et al. 1980, p. 325; Druehl 1968, p. 542; Druehl 1965, p. 17 Miyabe 1902, p. 41
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