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Entire plant
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Synonyms:
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Cystoseira expansa C. Agardh, Cystoseira osmundacea f. expansa (C. Agardh) Setchell, Cystoseira tuberculata C. Agardh 1824, Cystoseira australis C. Agardh (nom. illeg.)
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Illustrations:
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Abbott and Hollenberg 1976, p. 270, fig. 216 (habit of fertile frond); Fensholt 1955, p. 302, figs. 1–6 (development of conceptacle), p. 312, 314, figs. 26–34 (photos: development of oogonial and antheridial conceptacles); Gardner 1913, pls. 51, 52 (photos: fertile fronds), pl. 53 (photo: fertile frond of C. osmundacea f. expansa)
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Pacific Coast Distribution:
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Seaside, Clatsop Co., Ore. (Smith 1944, p. 157) to Punta Abreojos, Baja Calif. (Dawson et al. 1960b, p. 12); Channel Is., Calif. (San Miguel I.: Silva in UC; Santa Cruz I.: Foster 1975a, p. 318; San Nicolas I.: Estes and Harrold 1988, p. 143; Santa Catalina I., San Clemente I.: Nicholson and Cimberg 1971, p. 377; Anacapa I.: Murray and Littler 1989, p. 68); Cortes Bank, Baja Calif. (Lewbel et al. 1981, p. 165)
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Life History:
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uninvestigated, but presumably diplontic, with a perennial diploid thallus producing eggs and antherozoids in conceptacles
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Taxonomy and Nomenclature:
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Silva 1996
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Biology/Ecology:
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K. Wilson et al. 1995; Foster 1992, p. 68; Sousa and Connell 1992, p. 434; Foster et al. 1991, p. 249; Lüning 1990; Dean et al. 1989; Apt 1988b; Apt 1988c, p. 212; Estes and Harrold 1988; Foster and Schiel 1988; Foster et al. 1988, p. 11; Harrold et al. 1988, p. 135; Schiel and Foster 1986, p. 269; Dayton 1985, p. 235; Foster and Schiel 1985, p. 22; Gunnill 1985, p. 151; Harrold and Reed 1985, p. 1162; Schiel 1985a; Schiel 1985b; Steinberg 1985; Cowen et al. 1982, p. 191; Foster 1982b, p. 190; Littler and Arnold 1982, p. 309; Sousa et al. 1981, p. 297; Gunnill 1980a; Pearse and Hines 1979, p. 83; Foster 1975a, p. 315; Foster 1975b, p. 337; Devinny and Kirkwood 1974, p. 102; Pearse and Lowry 1974, p. 14; Rosenthal et al. 1974, p. 672; Aleem 1973, p. 87; Scagel 1963, p. 40; Doty 1946, p. 324
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Epiphytes:
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Acrochaetium pacificum, Acrochaetium rhizoideum, Antithamnion kylinii, Botryoglossum ruprechtianum, Callophyllis flabellulata, Callophyllis pinnata, Callophyllis violacea, Coilodesme californica, Ectocarpus commensalis, Feldmannia simplex, Neoptilota californica, Pterochondria woodii, Rhodophysema elegans, Schizymenia pacifica
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Morphology:
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Apt 1988b
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Physiology:
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Cabello-Pasini and Alberte 1997; Kremer 1979, p. 245
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Chemistry:
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Khotimchenko et al. 2002; Manley et al. 1992; Ragan and Glombitza 1986, p. 191
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Economic Applications:
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North and James 1987
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