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Key to PlantagoView taxon page for Plantago
(For a list of species in Plantago, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Leaves cauline; inflorescence axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. , spikes generally in cyme-like clusters at peduncle  Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae). tip ..... P. arenaria 1' Leaves in basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. rosette A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. ; inflorescence scapose  Pertaining to a plant or an inflorescence in which a relatively long peduncle (scape) arises, sometimes with leaf- or scale-like bracts but without true foliage leaves, from a rosette or other arrangement of leaves at ground level. , with 1 terminal spike  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. 2. Corolla tube hairy; inner side of seed perpendicular to plane between cotyledons (subg. Coronopus) 3. Leaf deeply pinnately lobed; calyx pressed against inflorescence axis (except on re-hydrated material); adaxial sepals each with 1 wide keel or wing  1. Thin, flat extension or appendage of a surface or margin. 2. In many members of Fabaceae and in some other groups, each of two lateral petals. on midrib ..... P. coronopus 3' Leaf entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). to sparsely dentate  Having margins with sharp, relatively coarse teeth pointing outward, not tipward. ; calyx not pressed against inflorescence axis; adaxial sepals each with 0 or 1 narrow keel or wing on midrib ..... P. maritima 2' Corolla tube glabrous; inner side of seed perpendicular to plane between cotyledons to not 4. Seeds (1)2, inner side deep-concave (concavity generally 1/2 thickness of seed), perpendicular to plane between cotyledons (subg. Psyllium) 5. Peduncle grooved; abaxial sepals united > 1/2 from base, scarious parts united; green bract  Reduced, leaf- or scale-like structure subtending a branch, cone scale, peduncle, pedicel, or flower. midrib not reaching tip ..... P. lanceolata 5' Peduncle not grooved; abaxial sepals united at base, scarious parts free; green bract midrib generally reaching tip 6. Hairs on peduncle generally ± spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. (ascending), each in diam generally << to = 2 × those on leaves ..... P. ovata 7. Corolla lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. generally without red-brown midrib; bract midrib green ..... var. fastigiata 6' Hairs on peduncle nearly always ascending  Curving or angling upward from base, or about 30-60 degrees less than vertical or away from axis of attachment. , each in diam ± 2 × those on leaves 8. Bract ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. to round, generally <= calyx, not exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ..... P. erecta 8' Bract linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , 1–12 × calyx, some or all exserted 9. Bract generally 3–12 × calyx; corolla lobes generally obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. ; plant drying dark green, hairs 0 to ± present ..... P. aristata 9' Bract generally 1–2.5 × calyx; corolla lobes ± acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; plant drying light green, hairs ± dense ..... P. patagonica 4' Seeds 1–many, inner side flat, rarely convex or concave (concavity 1/2 thickness of seed), parallel to plane between cotyledons if seeds 1–2, parallel to oblique  Having unequal sides or an asymmetric base. to perpendicular if seeds > 2 (subg. Plantago) 10. Perennial herb (rarely annual in Plantago major) 11. Leaf widely elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear to ± cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. , narrowed abruptly to petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. ; flower bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). ; corolla lobes spreading to reflexed  Abruptly bent or curved downward or backward. , ± 0.5 mm; plant with many fibrous  1. Pertaining to structures that are composed at least in part of more or less thread-like but usually tough elements (e.g., Yucca leaves). 2. Pertaining to a root system composed of many roots similar in length and thickness (e.g., grass roots). roots ..... P. major 11' Leaf oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic-ovate, tapered  Gradually (not abruptly) narrower or smaller at base or tip. to wide petiole; flower unisexual or bisexual; corolla lobes spreading, ± 1 mm, or generally erect  Upright; vertically oriented. in pistillate flowers, spreading in staminate, ± 3 mm; plant with 1–2 taproots or many fibrous roots 12' Plant with many fibrous roots; flower unisexual; corolla lobes generally erect in pistillate flowers, spreading in staminate, ± 3 mm ..... P. subnuda 13. Leaf widely oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, tapered to petiole, entire to ± toothed 14. Abaxial sepals 2.7–3.6 mm, acuminate  Having a long-tapered, sharp tip, the sides concave. to mucronate; seeds 2.5–3 mm, generally red to red-brown, with concavity on inner side < 1/2 thickness of seed ..... P. rhodosperma 14' Abaxial sepals 1.5–2.4 mm, obtuse; seeds 1.5–2 mm, pale brown, with concavity on inner side ± 1/2 thickness of seed ..... P. virginica 13' Leaf thread-like to narrowly oblanceolate, tapered to base, generally entire 15. Leaf narrowly oblanceolate; corolla lobes ± 2–3 mm; inflorescence axis generally not visible between flowers; flowers unisexual, stamens 0 or 4 ..... P. truncata subsp. firma 15' Leaf thread-like to linear; corolla lobes ± 0.5 mm; inflorescence axis generally at least partially visible between flowers; flowers bisexual, stamens 2 16. Corolla lobes generally 1 erect, 3 spreading or reflexed; seeds (3)4–9(12) per fruit, 1.5–2.5 mm; CA-FP (except CaRH, s SNF, SNH, Teh) ..... P. elongata 16' Corolla lobes generally erect; seeds 4 per fruit, 0.7–1.8 mm; SnJV, SCo (San Diego Co.) ..... P. pusilla
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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on .
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