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Key to ArctostaphylosView taxon page for Arctostaphylos
(For a list of species in Arctostaphylos, use the above link.) Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Burls at base of main stem, also above or not; plant resprouting after fire 2. Leaves with stomata generally only abaxially, surfaces generally differing in color and/or hairiness 5' Twig short-tomentose or short-nonglandular-hairy 3' Old stem bark generally smooth or peeling, ± red 7. Plant prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. ; burls at base of main stem or at nodes  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. where rooting; fruit spheric; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). blades oblanceolate to obovate or narrowly elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear ; widespread ..... A. uva-ursi (2) 7' Plant erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; burl at base of main stem; fruit depressed-spheric; leaf blades oblong-ovate to lance-oblong; NCoRI, CW, n ChI ..... A. crustacea 8' Twig, nascent inflorescence axes glabrous or nonglandular-hairy, occasionally sparsely glandular-hairy 9. Twig with short and long hairs 11' Leaf abaxially glabrous 2' Leaves with stomata on both surfaces, occasionally fewer adaxially, surfaces generally the same in color and/or hairiness (except Arctostaphylos pacifica) 13' Old stem bark smooth or peeling, ± red 14. Plant prostrate to mounded; inflorescence raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. , 0–1-branched 15' Leaf serrate  Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate. ; fruit ± red; CCo (San Bruno Mtn) ..... A. pacifica 14' Plant erect; inflorescence panicle  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. 16. Twig and/or inflorescence axes and/or bracts glandular 17. Glands golden-yellow, on short hairs; burl 0 or platform-like, obscure; KR, NCoRO, NCoRH, CaR, SNH, s SCoRO, TR, SnJt, e PR, MP ..... A. patula subsp. patula (2) 17' Glands black or clear (pink), on short and long hairs; burl hemispheric; NCo, KR, NCoR, CCo, SnFrB, SCoR, s SCo, TR, PR ..... A. glandulosa (in part) (2) 18' Leaves green to gray-green, ± glaucous 16' Twig, inflorescence axes, bracts not glandular (except twig minutely glandular, inflorescence axes sparsely short glandular in Arctostaphylos rainbowensis) 20. Fruit spheric (depressed-spheric in Arctostaphylos mewukka) 21' Stones markedly fused; fruit dark red to dark brown with ± purple tinge; SnBr, PR 20' Fruit depressed-spheric (to ± spheric in Arctostaphylos patula) 24. Nascent inflorescence bracts scale-like or awl-shaped 26' Leaves green, yellow-, or gray-green; KR, NCoR, SnFrB, SCoR, SCo (San Diego Co.), TR, PR 27. Fruit depressed-spheric, markedly flattened; twig hairs sparse, short-appressed, but sometimes variable; SCo (coastal San Diego Co.) ..... subsp. crassifolia 27' Fruit depressed-spheric or not markedly so, not strongly flattened; twig hairs short and/or long-soft-wavy; KR, NCoR, SnFrB, SCoR, TR, PR 28' Twig hairs short, not long-soft-wavy 29. Leaf blades green or gray-green; fruit not markedly depressed-spheric, stones variably fused or free; KR, NCoR, SnFrB, SCoR, PR ..... subsp. cushingiana 29' Leaves shiny bright green; fruit depressed-spheric, stones fused or in 2(3) pieces; s SCoRO (Sierra Madre Mtns), SnGb ..... subsp. gabrielensis 1' Burls 0; plant not sprouting after fire 30. Leaves with stomata only abaxially, surfaces generally different in color and/or hairiness 31. Flower parts in 4s; fruit 3–4 mm wide 32. Old stem bark smooth, ± red; w SnFrB (Bolinas Ridge, Mount Tamalpais, Santa Cruz Mtns) ..... A. sensitiva 32' Old stem bark generally rough or shredding, gray or red-gray; c NCo (Mendocino Co.), c&s NCoRO ..... A. nummularia 33. Plant prostrate to mounded; leaf blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. 0.5–1.2 cm, 0.3–0.7 cm wide, oblong-elliptic; pygmy forest; c NCo (Mendocino Co.) ..... subsp. mendocinoensis 33' Plant prostrate to erect; leaf blade 1–2.2 cm, 0.8–1.8 cm wide, round to round-ovate; coastal prairie, maritime chaparral, closed-cone forest; c NCo/NCoRO (Mendocino Co.) ..... subsp. nummularia 31' Flower parts in 5s; fruit 5–16 mm wide 34. Leaf abaxially generally tomentose, sparsely so in age 35. Leaf blade oblong-ovate to -elliptic, 1.5–3 cm, base ± truncate  Abruptly (not gradually) narrower or smaller at base or tip, as if cut straight across or nearly so. to ± cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. ; plant erect; s CCo (s Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co.) ..... A. morroensis 35' Leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 1–2 cm, base wedge-shaped; plant prostrate to mounded; c CCo (around Monterey Bay, Monterey Co.) ..... A. pumila 34' Leaf abaxially glabrous or sparsely nonglandular-hairy 36. Plant generally prostrate to low-mounded 37. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, occasionally narrowly elliptic, base wedge-shaped; NCo, c SNH (above Convict Lake, Mono Co), CCo ..... A. uva-ursi (2) 38. Petioles 4–8 mm; leaf oblong-elliptic, base rounded, tip obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. ; n ChI (Santa Cruz Island) ..... A. insularis 38' Petioles 1–2(4) mm; leaf oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to triangular-ovate, base lobed, tip acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ; n-c CCo, s&w SnFrB 39' Old stem bark persistent, shredding, gray or ± red; leaf blue-green; n-c CCo, s SnFrB (Pajaro Hills) ..... A. pajaroensis 30' Leaves with stomata on both surfaces, surfaces similar in color and/or hairiness 40. Plant prostrate to prostrate-mounded, 0.1–0.5(3) m 41. Petioles to 2 mm; leaf base lobed, clasping; nascent inflorescence bracts leaf-like 42. Twig, nascent inflorescences, pedicel  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. , ovary nonglandular; < 150 m, c CCo (s Monterey, nw San Luis Obispo cos.) ..... A. cruzensis 42' Twig, nascent inflorescence, pedicel, ovary glandular; 200–400 m, CCo (San Bruno Mtn) ..... A. imbricata 41' Petioles 1–12 mm; leaf base rounded or obtuse to wedge-shaped, not clasping; nascent inflorescence bracts scale-like (basal-most leaf-like in Arctostaphylos franciscana) 43' Twig, inflorescence axes, bracts generally nonglandular; Sonoma Co. to San Luis Obispo Co. 44' Inflorescence ± raceme or panicle, 0–3(5)-branched; leaf blade generally 0.8–3 cm 40' Plant generally erect, occasionally mounded to erect, (0.1)0.3–8 m 48. Nascent inflorescence bracts either fleshy, scoop-shaped or generally scale-like, deltate  More or less equilaterally triangular, with the corners rounded or not. to awl-shaped, keeled or not 49. Inflorescence generally ± raceme, occasionally 1–2-branched 50. Old stem bark persistent, shredding, gray – s CCo, s SCoRO (Nipomo, Burton mesas, Point Sal; sw San Luis Obispo, nw Santa Barbara cos.) ..... A. rudis (2) 50' Old stem bark smooth, dark red with ± gray or ± glaucous patches or ± red 51. Twig glandular-hairy; plants short, often mounded; old stems dark red with ± gray or ± glaucous patches; n SNF (Amador, Calaveras cos.) ..... A. myrtifolia 51' Twig sparsely short-nonglandular-hairy; plants mounded to generally erect; old stems ± red, without ± gray or ± glaucous patches; n CCo, s SnFrB (s Santa Cruz Mtns), SCoR, SnBr, PR, e DMtns 52. Nascent inflorescence spheric, cup-like, axis 0.3–1 cm, crook-necked, bracts ± spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. ; fruit 3–8 mm wide; n CCo, s SnFrB (s Santa Cruz Mtns) ..... A. hookeri subsp. hookeri 52' Nascent inflorescence club-like, axis 0.5–1.5 cm, not crook-necked, bracts recurved  Gradually curved downward or backward. ; fruit 8–14 mm wide; SCoR, SnBr, PR, e DMtns ..... A. pungens 49' Inflorescence panicle, (1)3–8-branched 53. Leaf blade ± white, white-glaucous, gray-green, gray-glaucous 54. Fruit (10)12–16 mm wide, spheric or ± spheric 55. Stones free, occasionally fused; nascent inflorescence bracts appressed  Parallel or nearly parallel to and often in contact with surface of origin; used to describe the disposition of hairs, leaves, pedicels, etc. ; fruit glabrous; s CaRF, CaRH (near Paradise), n SNF ..... A. mewukka subsp. truei 55' Stones markedly fused; nascent inflorescence bracts spreading; fruit glabrous or sticky; SnFrB, SCoR, TR, PR, sw DMtns (Little San Bernardino Mtns) 56. Petiole 1–4 mm; leaf glabrous or generally short-nonglandular-hairy, base lobed; ovary, fruit glabrous, not sticky; n SCoRI (n&c Gabilan Range, San Benito, Monterey cos.) ..... A. gabilanensis 56' Petiole 7–15 mm; leaf glabrous, base rounded, truncate, or ± lobed; ovary, fruit glandular-sticky; Teh, SnFrB, SCoR, SCo, TR, PR, sw DMtns (Little San Bernardino Mtns) ..... A. glauca 54' Fruit 6–12 mm wide, depressed-spheric 58. Twig densely glandular-hairy; leaf sparsely short-glandular-hairy, ciliate  Having generally straight, conspicuous hairs along margins or edges. , papillate  Pertaining to a surface (e.g., of a leaf, stigma, fruit) bearing small, rounded or conic protuberances (papillae). , scabrous; SN ..... subsp. mariposa 58' Twig glabrous to sparsely short-nonglandular-hairy; leaf glabrous 57' Nascent inflorescence bracts glabrous or nonglandular- or glandular-hairy; KR, NCoRI (Colusa, Mendocino, Shasta, Trinity cos.; possibly Sonoma Co.), c&s NCoRO 60. Leaf blade glaucous, canescent or densely white-tomentose, in age glabrous; ovary densely nonglandular-hairy; KR, NCoRI (Colusa, Mendocino, Shasta, Trinity cos.; possibly Sonoma Co.) ..... A. malloryi 53' Leaf blade green, shiny or dull both surfaces, not ± white or ± gray due to ± glaucous or hairy surfaces 62. Nascent inflorescence spreading to erect, axes slender, < 1 mm wide; bracts appressed, ± = buds  1. An incompletely developed, more or less embryonic shoot, usually covered with bud scales. 2. An unopened flower, often protected by sepals. ; buds appearing as scattered beads 63. Leaf blade 1.5–3 cm, dull green; corolla white; twig finely glandular-hairy; KR, NCoRO ..... A. hispidula 62' Nascent inflorescence pendent, axes generally > 1 mm wide; bracts generally ± appressed, > buds, buds not appearing as beads 64. Leaf blade generally 2–6 cm, at least some > 3 cm, round to widely ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or oblong 65' Glands of twig, nascent inflorescences gold-yellow; leaf bright green, glabrous; KR, NCoRO, NCoRH, CaR, SNH, s SCoRO, TR, SnJt, e PR, MP ..... A. patula subsp. patula (2) 64' Leaf blade 1.5–3 cm, elliptic to ovate 66. Twig mostly nonglandular with occasionally long glandular hairs; siliceous shale, sw SnFrB (n Ben Lomond Mtn, nw Santa Cruz Co.) ..... A. ohloneana 66' Twig with glandular hairs or sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. glands; serpentine, s NCoRO (Sonoma Co.) ..... A. bakeri 68. Nascent inflorescence axis slender, generally < 1 mm wide 69. Leaf blade 1–2.5 cm; bracts > buds; buds not appearing as beads; plant mounded to erect; s NCoRO ( Vine Hill near Forestville, Sonoma Co.) ..... A. densiflora 68' Nascent inflorescence axis > 1 mm wide 71' Ovary, fruit glabrous; plant mounded or erect; KR, NCoRO, NCoRI, s CaRF, n&c SNF, n SNH, ScV, n&e SnFrB, TR 72' Fruit depressed-spheric, stones mostly free; KR, NCoRO, NCoRI, s CaRF, n&c SNF, n SNH, ScV, n&e SnFrB ..... A. manzanita (in part) 73. Leaf blade bright green; inflorescence 2–4-branched, axis > 1 mm wide; nascent inflorescence branches to 15 mm; s NCoRI (Vaca Mtns), e SnFrB (Mount Diablo) ..... subsp. laevigata 73' Leaf blade dull to bright green; inflorescence 4–7-branched, axis ± 1 mm wide; nascent inflorescence branches generally 15–25 mm; KR, NCoRO, NCoRI, s CaRF, n&c SNF, n SNH, ScV, n SnFrB ..... subsp. manzanita 48' Nascent inflorescence bracts generally leaf-like, flat 74. Old stem bark persistent, gray, shredding (except occasionally smooth on Arctostaphylos osoensis) 75. Leaf gray, dull, sparsely appressed-puberulent, in age glabrous, base rounded to wedge-shaped, not clasping; n SN (Placer, El Dorado cos.), c SNF (Tuolumne Co.) ..... A. nissenana 75' Leaf dark green, ± shiny, sparsely short-nonglandular-hairy or glabrous, base lobed, clasping; s CCo (w Los Osos Valley, San Luis Obispo Co.) ..... A. osoensis 74' Old stem bark smooth, ± red 76. Leaf gray-canescent in youth, glabrous in age 77. Leaf base lobed, clasping; petiole  Leaf stalk, connecting leaf blade to stem; sometimes more or less indistinct. to 4 mm 78' Ovary, fruit nonglandular-hairy or glandular- and nonglandular-hairy; eastern and southwestern SnFrB 79' Ovary, fruit glandular- and nonglandular-hairy; sw SnFrB (n Ben Lomond Mtn, nw Santa Cruz Co.) ..... A. glutinosa 77' Leaf base wedge-shaped, rounded, truncate, or ± lobed, not clasping; petiole 3–10 mm 80. Ovary glabrous; corolla white 81' Inflorescence 0–1-branched, ± raceme; pedicel 5–7 mm; sw SnFrB (s Santa Cruz Mtns) ..... A. silvicola 82. Ovary nonglandular-hairy; KR, NCoR, n CCo (Tassajara, Santa Lucia Range), w SnFrB (Mount Tamalpais; s Santa Cruz Mtns) ..... subsp. canescens 76' Leaf green to glaucous, glabrous to variously hairy but not gray-canescent 83. Leaf base lobed (truncate to lobed in Arctostaphylos viridissima), often clasping (except Arctostaphylos hooveri with longer petiole) 84. Nascent inflorescence nonglandular-hairy 85' Pedicel glabrous or sparsely nonglandular-hairy; s CCo, s SCoRO/WTR 86. Leaf blade 2–5 cm; fruit 8–12 mm wide; stones generally fused; s CCo (Morro Bay to Avila Beach, San Luis Obispo Co.) ..... A. pechoensis 84' Nascent inflorescence glandular-hairy 87. Fruit spheric; stones fused or frequently fused; s SCoRO/w WTR (Santa Ynez Mtns) 87' Fruit depressed-spheric; stones variably fused or free; CCo, SnFrB, SCoRO 89. Leaf blade generally ovate, 2.5–4.5 cm, not boat-shaped, sparsely glandular or not but not sticky 90. Leaf blade bright green, not glaucous; twig long-glandular-hairy; CCo (San Bruno Mtn), w SnFrB (Montara Mtn) ..... A. montaraensis 90' Leaf blade green, glaucous; twig short- and long-nonglandular-hairy; e SnFrB (Sobrante, Huckleberry ridges; Alameda, Contra Costa cos.) ..... A. pallida 89' Leaf blade oblong-ovate, 3–6 cm, boat-shaped, glandular-sticky in youth, glabrous but possibly still sticky in age 83' Leaf base rounded, truncate, wedge-shaped, or ± lobed, not clasping (except occasionally in suspected hybrids of Arctostaphylos montereyensis and Arctostaphylos pajaroensis) 92' Lf-like bracts green, glandular or not, persistent after flower; NCo, nw&w KR, NCoRO, CCo, nw SnFrB, SCoRO, ChI, sw PR 93. Fruit spheric; stones free or fused 94. Fruit 8–15 mm wide; leaf papillate, scabrous, base truncate to ± lobed; s ChI (Santa Catalina Island) ..... A. catalinae 94' Fruit 6–8 mm wide; leaf not papillate, not scabrous, base wedge-shaped, rounded, or truncate; sw PR ..... A. otayensis 93' Fruit depressed-spheric; stones mostly free 95. Inflorescence ± raceme, 0–1-branched 96' Twig, inflorescence axes, bracts nonglandular (except occasionally minutely glandular in Arctostaphylos nortensis); nw KR, s CCo, s SCoRO 97' Pedicel, ovary, fruit glabrous; 30–1250 m, s CCo (Pismo Beach vicinity), s SCoRO (s Santa Lucia, La Panza ranges and s) ..... A. pilosula 95' Inflorescence panicle, 3–10-branched 98' Leaves not overlapped; plant shrub or tree, erect, 1–5 m; NCo, w KR, NCoRO, c CCo, n SCoRO 99. Leaf lanceolate  Narrowly elongate, widest in the basal half, often tapered to an acute tip. to ovate, dark green; nascent inflorescence generally short- and long-nonglandular-hairy, occasionally glandular-hairy; NCo, w KR, NCoRO ..... A. columbiana 99' Leaf round to oblong-ovate, bright green or ± glaucous; nascent inflorescence glandular-hairy; c CCo (Fort Ord), n SCoRO (Mount Toro, nw Monterey Co.) ..... A. montereyensis
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Covered with densely interwoven, generally matted hairs.
Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.).