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Key to ApiaceaeView taxon page for Apiaceae
Jepson Manual glossary definitions can be seen by moving your cursor over words underlined with dots. 1. Flowers in simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. umbels or heads (spikes or racemes); fruit central axis not obvious 2. Leaf base not sheathing but stipules present, occasionally ± fused distal to node  Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. when leaves opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. 3. Herbage hairs stellate  Pertaining to a hair or other structure with three or more branches radiating in two or three dimensions from a common point. ; fruit not or ± compressed  Flattened side-to-side or front-to-back. front-to-back, inflated ..... BOWLESIA 3' Herbage hairs simple or 0; fruit very compressed side-to-side ..... HYDROCOTYLE (treated in Araliaceae) 2' Leaf conspicuously sheathing at base, stipules 0 4. Flowers in open umbels; fruit glabrous, with well-defined, thickened ribs or not ..... LILAEOPSIS 4' Flowers in dense umbels or heads; fruit with scales, prickles, or tubercles, without distinct ribs 5. Flowers bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). , sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. , each with 1 bract  Reduced, leaf- or scale-like structure subtending a branch, cone scale, peduncle, pedicel, or flower. ..... ERYNGIUM 5' Flowers bisexual and staminate in same umbel  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches. or head  1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. (staminate only), staminate generally long-pedicelled; flowers not each with 1 bract ..... SANICULA 1' Flowers in compound or occasionally simple umbels, occasionally compound and head-like; fruit central axis generally obvious, separate (except Podistera) 6. Annual or biennial, slender-taprooted or roots fibrous  1. Pertaining to structures that are composed at least in part of more or less thread-like but usually tough elements (e.g., Yucca leaves). 2. Pertaining to a root system composed of many roots similar in length and thickness (e.g., grass roots). , reproducing only from seed 7' Corolla generally white 8. Fruit generally elongate, much longer than wide, beaked or long-tapered to tip 9. Bractlets entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ; fruit ribs 0 or obscure, sterile beak << fertile body ..... ANTHRISCUS 9' Bractlets entire to lobed or dissected; fruit ribs prominent, sterile beak > fertile body ..... SCANDIX 8' Fruit ± round to oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. or elliptic  In the shape of a flattened circle or ellipse; wider than linear , not or only ± longer than wide, not beaked, not long-tapered to tip 10' Fruit ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. or cordate  Heart-shaped; often pertaining to a leaf in which the blade base on both sides of the petiole is rounded and convex. to oblong or elliptic, compressed either side-to-side or front-to-back, halves separating readily 11. Bracts leaf-like, generally dissected 12' Herbage hairy; fruit conspicuously bristly 13. Fruit very compressed front-to-back; rays generally many; umbel dense, nest-like in fruit ..... DAUCUS 13' Fruit compressed side-to-side; rays few (1–9); umbel open, not nest-like in fruit ..... YABEA 11' Bracts 0 or inconspicuous, not leaf-like 14' Leaves generally alternate  1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. ; rays 0–14; fruit elliptic to narrowly ovate 15. Petal tips narrowed, incurved; fruit prickly throughout or only on outer half; herbage hairy ..... TORILIS 15' Petal tips not narrowed, not incurved; fruit prickly throughout, tubercled, sharply scabrous, or glabrous; herbage glabrous or ± scabrous, not hairy 16' Involucel present; fruit conspicuously bristly or sharply scabrous, at least on ribs 6' Perennial herb or biennial, from taproot or from persistent underground structures, not reproducing only from seed 18. Plant glabrous; generally in flooded to wet or moist (dry) soil 19. Stem generally conspicuously purple-spotted or -streaked; herbage musty-scented; fruit oil tubes not apparent ..... CONIUM (2) 19' Stem green or occasionally ± purple, unspotted; herbage not musty-scented; fruit oil tubes apparent 20. Stem from well-developed single or clustered tubers, or clustered, fibrous roots, generally not rooting at proximal nodes Position on a stem from which one or more structures (especially leaves, buds, branches, or flowers) arise. 21. Plant rhizomatous; sap from rhizome  1. In seed plants, stem that is often elongate, more or less horizontal, usually underground; distinguished from roots by bearing of leaves, leaf scars, axillary buds, etc. 2. In ferns, stem that is located underground, embedded in leaf litter, on rocks or in rock crevices, or on trees or tree branches, often scaly or hairy; distinguished from roots by bearing of fronds (roots rarely bear fronds), and their greater diameter. becoming ± red-brown in air ..... CICUTA 21' Plant not rhizomatous; sap from rhizome not changing color in air 22. Calyx lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. a persistent crown on fruit; fruit corky; fruit central axis not obvious ..... OENANTHE (2) 22' Calyx lobes evident but not a persistent crown on fruit; fruit not evidently corky; fruit central axis an apparent, separate structure 23. Fruit very compressed front-to-back, marginal ribs wide, thin-winged ..... OXYPOLIS 23' Fruit ± or not compressed side-to-side, ribs ± equal, thread-like to prominent but not clearly winged ..... PERIDERIDIA 20' Stem generally from stout taproot, or generally rooting at proximal nodes or along rhizomes, stolons 24. Calyx lobes a persistent crown on fruit; fruit central axis not obvious ..... OENANTHE (2) 24' Calyx lobes 0 or minute, generally not a persistent crown on fruit; fruit central axis an apparent, separate structure 25. Fruit halves not adhering to central axis; bracts, bractlets conspicuous to 0 ..... APIUM 25' Fruit halves generally adhering to central axis; bracts, bractlets conspicuous 18' Plant glabrous or variously hairy; wet to dry soil 27. Herbage anise- or licorice-scented; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). segments thread-like ..... FOENICULUM 27' Herbage scented or not, but not anise-scented; leaf segments wider than thread-like 28. Fruit ribs ± equal, none expanded as wings 29. Biennial of disturbed or cultivated places 30. Stems generally purple-spotted; cauline leaves like basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. ; fruit ribs prominent, wavy ..... CONIUM (2) 30' Stems unspotted; cauline leaves with more, narrower segments than basal; fruit ribs thread-like, not wavy ..... [PETROSELINUM] 29' Perennial herb of generally undisturbed places 31. Plant dwarfed, 2–15 cm; leaf segments not sharply serrate  Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate. 32. Umbels not head-like; involucel  A secondary involucre (group of bracts) within an inflorescence (e.g., those subtending the secondary umbels in members of Apiaceae). inconspicuous, not 1-sided, bractlets 0 or free; calyx lobes 0; styles cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. ; plant erect  Upright; vertically oriented. or spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. , not cushion-forming; leaves loosely recurved  Gradually curved downward or backward. or occasionally spreading at soil surface ..... Lomatium fusiformis 32' Involucel conspicuous, 1-sided, bractlets generally partly fused; calyx lobes conspicuous or not; styles compressed, flattened; plants cushion-forming or leaves spreading at soil surface; umbels head-like 33. Herbage coarsely hairy to tomentose  Covered with densely interwoven, generally matted hairs. ; sterile pedicels  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. many, > fruit ..... OREONANA 33' Herbage thinly to densely puberulent; sterile pedicels 0–few, << fruit ..... PODISTERA 31' Plant not dwarfed, 10–120 cm, if < 20 cm, leaf segments sharply serrate 34. Fruit linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. to oblong, 8–22 mm; fruit oil tubes obscure; roots licorice-scented ..... OSMORHIZA 34' Fruit oblong to round, 2–9 mm; fruit oil tubes evident, 1–5 per rib-interval; roots not licorice-scented 28' Fruit ribs equal or not, some expanded as definite wings 36. Ribs winged at margins of fruit halves, others not or more narrowly so; fruit compressed front-to-back 37. Plant robust, 1–3 m; outer petals of marginal flowers > others; oil tubes extending part-way to base of fruit ..... HERACLEUM 37' Plant not robust, generally < 1 m; outer petals of marginal flowers = others; oil tubes extending to base of fruit 38. Projection at ovary tip small, conic, persistent on fruit 39. Leaf 1–4-pinnately or -ternate-pinnately dissected or compound; corolla white; perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb ..... CONIOSELINUM 39' Leaf 1-pinnate; corolla yellow or orange; generally biennial, or perennial herb ..... PASTINACA 36' Ribs winged at margins of fruit halves, some others ± winged; fruit cylindric to ± compressed front-to-back or side-to-side (strongly compressed) 40. Plant low, generally spreading, stem generally 0; rays well developed or not; ovary tip projection 0 41. Plant erect or ± spreading; leaf adaxial surface generally glaucous, glabrous to scabrous or finely hairy, abaxial surface not tomentose; inland, generally dry places ..... CYMOPTERUS 41' Plant prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. or ± spreading; leaf adaxial surface green, abaxial tomentose; seashore ..... GLEHNIA 40' Plant erect, stem generally present; rays well developed; ovary tip projection conic 42' Pedicels distinct or ± webbed at base, not reduced to a disk; 2° umbels open, not head-like 43. Stem base not fibrous; leaf segments generally coarse; fruit generally compressed front-to-back (± compressed to cylindric) ..... ANGELICA 43' Stem base conspicuously fibrous; leaf segments generally fine; fruit compressed side-to-side ..... LIGUSTICUM (2)
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Minutely hairy.