Common Name: BUCKWHEAT FAMILY Habit: Annual to shrub [tree]. Stem: nodes swollen or not. Leaf: simple, basal or cauline, generally alternate; ocreae present or 0, generally scarious, persistent or not. Inflorescence: flower clusters in axillary to terminal cyme-, panicle-, raceme-, spike-, umbel- or head-like arrangements, entire inflorescence or main inflorescence branches generally subtended by bracts ("inflorescence bracts"); peduncles present or 0; flower clusters in Eriogoneae-Eriogonoideae subtended by involucre of >= 1 free or +- fused, sometimes awn-tipped bracts ("involucre bracts") or, in Polygonoideae and rarely in Eriogonoideae, not (if bracts completely fused, involucre "tubular"); pedicels in Eriogoneae each often subtended by 2 free, transparent, linear bractlets or in Polygonoideae all subtended by 2+ fused, membranous, wide bractlets. Flower: generally bisexual, small, 1--200 per node; perianth parts 2--6, generally in 2 whorls, free or basally fused, generally petal-like, often +- concave adaxially, often darker at midvein, often turning +- red or +- brown in age; stamens [1]3 or 6--9 in 2 whorls; ovary superior, 1-chambered, ovule 1, styles 1--3. Fruit: achenes, included in or exserted from perianth, generally 3-angled, ovoid or elliptic, generally glabrous. Genera In Family: 48 genera, +- 1200 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate; some cultivated for food (Coccoloba, sea-grape; Fagopyrum, Rheum, Rumex) or ornamental (Antigonon, lovechain; Coccoloba; Muehlenbeckia; Persicaria; Polygonum), a few timbered (Coccoloba; Triplaris). Several (Emex; Fallopia; Persicaria; Polygonum; Rumex) are weeds. Note: Treatment of genera in Eriogonoideae based on monographic work of James L. Reveal. Involucre number throughout is number (1--many) per ultimate grouping, at tips of ultimate branches; flower number is per flower cluster or involucre, unless otherwise stated. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench not naturalized, considered an historical waif (or garden weed +- presently), therefore not treated. eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: KNOTWEED Habit: Annual, perennial herb to shrub. Stem: prostrate to erect, 8--16-ribbed or 4--5-angled with ribs 0 or obscure; glabrous or papillate-scabrous. Leaf: cauline, alternate, petioled or not; ocrea generally jointed to leaf, generally cylindric proximally, generally translucent distally, white or silvery, 2-lobed, glabrous, disintegrating to fibers or completely; blade linear, lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or subround, entire. Inflorescence: axillary, terminal, generally spike-like; peduncle 0; pedicels present or 0, included in to exserted from bractlets; flowers 1--7(10). Flower: bisexual, base not stalk-like; perianth not enlarging, bell- to urn-shaped, glabrous, white or green-white to pink; perianth parts 5, fused 3--60[70]%, petal- or sepal-like, similar [or not], outer +- keeled or not, < to > inner, midveins generally a different shade or color than rest of perianth; stamens 3--8 (some staminodes or not), filaments or at least innermost free, wider at base, fused to perianth tube or not, anthers elliptic to oblong, white-yellow or generally pink to purple (orange-pink); styles (2)3, generally spreading, free or fused basally, stigmas 2--3, head-like. Fruit: included or exserted, wings 0, angles (2)3, 1 face much narrower than other (1)2 or not; tip beak-like, yellow-green, brown, or black. Seed: embryo curved. Etymology: (Greek: poly, many, gony, knee joint, or gone, seed, of uncertain meaning) Note: Many species of sect. Polygonum with 2 kinds of fruit, differing in germination and morphology (summer fruit brown, ovate, tubercled to smooth; late-season fruit olive-green, lanceolate, smooth, 2--5 × > summer), but of little taxonomic importance. Mature, early-season plants with leaves, flowers, fruits needed for identification. Flowers "closed" or "1/2-open" should be determined on herbarium specimens. Other taxa in TJM (1993) moved to Aconogonon, Bistorta, Fallopia, Persicaria. eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea Reference: Costea 2005 Brittonia 57:1--27
Common Name: KNOTWEED, KNOTGRASS Habit: Annual. Stem: prostrate to erect, 5--200 cm, glabrous, green, ribbed, branched. Leaf: distal > distal flowers; ocreae 3--15 mm, distally disintegrating to fibers or +- completely persistent; petiole 0.3--9 mm; blade 6--50(60) mm, 0.5--22 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, elliptic, or obovate, green to gray-green, margin flat, tip acute or rounded. Inflorescence: axillary; flowers 1--6(8), crowded distally or not; pedicels included to exserted, 1.5--5 mm. Flower: closed or half-open; perianth 1.8--5.5 mm, generally not pouched at base, +- green, margin white to red, tube 20--57% of length, lobes overlapped or not, not keeled, oblong to obovate, tip rounded, generally hood-shaped, midvein branched or not; stamens 5--8. Fruit: included or exserted, 1.2--4.2 mm, ovate, light- to dark-brown, dull, (2)3--angled, faces +- unequal, generally coarsely striate-tubercled; late-season common or not, 2--5 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=40,60. Note: Taxonomically controversial, generally self-pollinated, self-fertilized, polyploid complex in which varieties to species have been named, but intergradation precludes recognition as species.
Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. neglectum (Besser) Arcang.
WAIF Habit: Annual. Stem: 1--7 or many, prostrate to erect, (5)15--60 cm, branches generally from base. Leaf: stem leaves 1--2.7(3.3) × > branch leaves; ocreae (3)4--8 mm, each proximally cylindric, distally disintegrating +- completely; petiole (0.3)1--3(5.2) mm; blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, (7.6)12.2--34(40) mm, 1.5--6.8(8) mm wide, (3.4)4.2--9.2 × as long as wide, tip acute or obtuse. Inflorescence: flowers 1--3(5); pedicels generally included, 1.5--3 mm. Flower: perianth (1.9)2.3--3.4 mm, green, margins pink or red (white), tube 28--48% of length, lobes overlapped, +- spreading as fruit matures, oblong, hood-shaped; veins branched, thickened to strongly so. Fruit: generally exserted, 1.2--1.8 mm, ovate, dark-brown, 3-angled, faces subequal or generally unequal, tip with straight edges or +- bent to narrow face, striate-tubercled (or obscurely so); late-season uncommon, 2--3.7 mm. Chromosomes: 2n=40,60. Ecology: Disturbed places; Elevation: < 1500 m. Bioregional Distribution: CA; Distribution Outside California: North America, Europe. Flowering Time: Jun--Nov Synonyms: Polygonum neglectum Besser; Polygonum aviculare subsp. rectum Chrtek Jepson eFlora Author: Mihai Costea Reference: Costea 2005 Brittonia 57:1--27 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Polygonum aviculare subsp. depressum Next taxon: Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum
Citation for this treatment: Mihai Costea 2012, Polygonum aviculare subsp. neglectum, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=80992, accessed on March 18, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on March 18, 2024.
No expert verified images found for Polygonum aviculare subsp. neglectum.
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