Common Name: SEDGE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, often rhizomed or stoloned, often of wet open places; roots fibrous; monoecious, dioecious, or flowers bisexual. Stem: generally 3-sided, generally solid. Leaf: generally 3-ranked; base sheathing, sheath generally closed, ligule generally 0; blade (0 or) linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence: spikelets generally arranged in head-, spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences; flower generally sessile in axil of flower bract, enclosed in a sac-like structure (perigynium) or generally not. Flower: unisexual or bisexual, small, generally wind-pollinated; perianth 0 or generally bristle like; stamens generally 3, anthers attached at base, 4 chambered; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovule 1, style 2--3(4)-branched. Fruit: achene, 2--3 sided. Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 5000 species: especially temperate. Note: Difficult; taxa differ in technical characters of inflorescence, fruit. In Carex and Kobresia, what appear to be individual pistillate flowers in fact are highly reduced inflorescences (whether or not the same applies to staminate flowers is still under debate). In some other works (e.g., FNANM) these are called spikelets, and they are treated as being arranged in spikes. Here and in TJM (1993), what appear to be individual pistillate flowers are called pistillate flowers in Carex (and they are treated as being arranged in spikelets), but spikelets in Kobresia (and they are treated as being arranged into spikes). Though internally inconsistent, the approach here is consistent with traditional usage, and reflects a preference for character states that may be determined in the field. Molecular, morphological, and embryological evidence indicates that Eriophorum crinigerum is to be segregated to a new genus, as Calliscirpus criniger (A. Gray) C.N. Gilmour et al., along with a second, newly described species, Calliscirpus brachythrix C.N. Gilmour et al. (Gilmour et al. 2013); key to genera modified by Peter W. Ball to include Calliscirpus. eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith, except as noted Scientific Editor: S. Galen Smith, Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: NAKED-STEMMED BULRUSHES Habit: Generally perennial herb, generally erect, generally with long, scaly rhizomes; stem, leaf generally with air cavities. Stem: simple, smooth, (wiry). Leaf: generally all basal, whorled or 3-ranked; blade generally present, at least on distal sheath, smooth, or margin minute-scabrous; sheath closed, long; ligule glabrous. Inflorescence: terminal, branch stems often scabrous, main inflorescence bract like leaf blade; spikelets ovate, not +- flat, many-flowered; flower bracts spiraled, each with 1 flower in axil, ovate, 1-veined, brown to straw, dull, often fine-lined-spotted, membranous, generally +- scabrous, tip generally notched, generally with short awn. Flower: bisexual; perianth bristles +- straight, +- <= fruit, generally brown, reflexed-barbed (or with soft hairs) [(smooth)]; stamens generally 3; style 1, thread-like, base not enlarged, stigmas 2--3. Fruit: generally obovate, brown, generally smooth, mucronate; tubercle 0. Etymology: (Greek, schoenos, a rush, reed, and plectos, plaited, twisted, woven, in reference to the use of stems in making useful objects) eFlora Treatment Author: S. Galen Smith Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60
Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla
NATURALIZED Habit: Perennial herb (or annual?) 40--100 cm, rhizome short. Stem: 2--3 mm diam, sharp-3-sided. Leaf: blade 0; sheath not splitting. Inflorescence: head-like; inflorescence bract spreading (or erect), 1--10 cm; spikelets 4--20, 7--12 mm, +- 4 mm wide; flower bract 3--3.5 mm, smooth, minute-ciliate, tip mucronate, notch 0. Flower: perianth bristles 6, = fruit; stigmas 2--3. Fruit: 1.7--2.2(2.5) mm, 1.2--1.7 mm wide, 2- or obtuse-3-sided, with many wavy transverse ridges, generally +- black, awn minute. Ecology: Uncommon. Fresh ponds, rice fields; Elevation: 20--400 m. Bioregional Distribution: NCoRO, NCoRI, CaRF, n SNH, ScV, SnFrB, SCo, WTR; Distribution Outside California: east-central United States; Eurasia, Africa, Australia. Flowering Time: Summer--fall Synonyms: Scirpus mucronatus L. Jepson eFlora Author: S. Galen Smith Reference: Smith 2002 FNANM 23:44--60 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Next taxon: Schoenoplectus pungens var. longispicatus
Citation for this treatment: S. Galen Smith 2012, Schoenoplectus mucronatus, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=80325, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Geographic subdivisions for Schoenoplectus mucronatus:
NCoRO, NCoRI, CaRF, n SNH, ScV, SnFrB, SCo, WTR
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).