Common Name: VIOLET FAMILY
Habit: Annual, perennial herb, [small shrub, tree, vine], from caudices, taproots, rhizomes, or stolons; hairs 0 or simple. Stem: 0 or prostrate to erect. Leaf: basal, cauline, or both, alternate, [opposite], simple to compound, petioled; stipules generally small; blade linear to round, entire to toothed or lobed. Inflorescence: flowers 1 [raceme], axillary or scapose; peduncle bractlets 2, generally alternate. Flower: bisexual, bilateral [radial]; sepals 5, free, basal lobes present [0], generally not prominent; petals 5, free, lowest often largest, base +- elongated into a spur; stamens 5, alternate petals, filaments short, wide, with large in-pointing hairs, lowest 2 anthers with basal nectaries extending into petal spur; ovary superior, chamber 1, placentas parietal, 3, ovules [1] generally many, style 1, often enlarged distally, stigma often oblique or hooked, hairy or not. Fruit: capsule [berry], 3-valved, loculicidal, explosively dehiscent or not. Seed: generally with outgrowth, attractive to ants.
Genera In Family: 23 genera, 830 species: worldwide, generally temperate, tropics (especially higher elevations). Note: Lengths of lowest petal including spur.
eFlora Treatment Author: R. John Little
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.

Common Name: VIOLET
Leaf: generally deciduous. Flower: sepals +- equal, entire; petals unequal, lowest generally largest, with spur generally < 3 [20] mm, lateral 2 equal, generally spreading, upper 2 equal, erect or reflexed, overlapped or not, lateral 2 generally, others sometimes with beard of variously shaped hairs basally; cleistogamous flowers generally present, petals 0. Fruit: ovoid to oblong, hairy or not. Seed: 8--75.
Species In Genus: +- 500 species: temperate, worldwide, Hawaii, Andes. Etymology: (Latin: classical name) Note: Important orns including Viola odorata, Viola tricolor L. (Johnny-jump-up, wild pansy), Viola ×wittrockiana Gams (garden pansy).

Common Name: PINE VIOLET, YELLOW WOOD VIOLET
Habit: Perennial herb 5--46 cm, glabrous or puberulent, glaucous or not. Stem: erect, 1--3, generally purple, leafless proximally, from thick, shallow or deep, horizontal or vertical rhizome. Leaf: simple, deeply divided or not; basal 0--2 per caudex, petiole 5--24 cm, blade 3.5--8.5 cm, 4.5--13.5 cm wide, deltate to reniform, entire to irregularly serrate, ciliate, base cordate, wedge-shaped, or truncate, tip blunt, obtuse, or acute; cauline only near stem tip, petiole 0.2--7.4 cm, blade 1.5--5.5 cm, 1.4--10 cm wide, reniform, deltate, +- ovate, or diamond-shaped, base cordate, wedge-shaped, or truncate, entire to coarsely toothed, tip acute to obtuse. Inflorescence: axillary from upper leaf axils; peduncle 2--13 cm. Flower: sepals lanceolate, generally ciliate; petals deep lemon-yellow, generally upper 2, sometimes lateral 2 dark red-brown abaxially, lower 3, sometimes upper 2 veined brown-purple basally, lateral 2 bearded with cylindric hairs, lowest 8--19 mm. Fruit: 6--16 mm, elliptic-ovate, glabrous. Seed: 2.1--2.7 mm, shiny, pale brown, blotched or streaked with brown. Chromosomes: 2n=12.