Common Name: NIGHTSHADE FAMILY Habit: Annual to shrub. Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, generally petioled; stipules 0; blade entire to deeply lobed. Inflorescence: various. Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes generally 5; corolla +- radial, cylindric to rotate, lobes generally 5; stamens 5, on corolla tube, alternate lobes; ovary superior, generally 2-chambered, style 1. Fruit: berry, loculicidal or septicidal capsule, [(drupe)], 2--5-chambered. Genera In Family: 75 genera, 3000 species: worldwide, especially +- tropics; many alien weeds in California; many cultivated for food, drugs, or ornamental (potato, tomato, peppers, tobacco, petunia). Toxicity: many TOXIC. Note:Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. is a waif. eFlora Treatment Author: Michael H. Nee Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: NIGHTSHADE Habit: Annual to shrub, vine or not, prickly or not, often glandular. Leaf: alternate to +- opposite, often unequal, entire to deeply pinnately lobed. Inflorescence: panicle or umbel-like, often 1-sided. Flower: calyx +- bell-shaped; corolla +- rotate, white to purple (yellow), lobes generally of different color toward base of midrib, generally without spots at base; anthers free, > filaments, oblong or tapered, opening by 2 pores or short slits near tip, in age often splitting to base; ovary 2-chambered, style 1, generally +- straight, stigma head-like. Fruit: berry, generally spheric, fleshy (or dry, capsule-like). Seed: many, compressed, generally reniform. Species In Genus: +- 1500 species: worldwide, especially tropical America. Etymology: (Latin: quieting, from narcotic properties) Toxicity: many TOXIC. Note: Many cultivated for food (including potato, Solanum tuberosum), ornamental; Solanum dimidiatum in California an urban weed. See Lycopersicon for other taxa recently included here. Unabridged Reference: Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World, pp. 285--333 in M. Nee, D.E. Symon, R.N. Lester & J.P. Jessop (eds.), Solanaceae IV, Advances in Biology and Utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Symon 1981 J Adelaide Bot Gard 4:1--367
Solanum carolinense L.
NATURALIZED Habit: Perennial herb 2--9 dm, from rhizome, little-branched; prickles slender, spreading; stellate hairs fine, generally sessile. Leaf: 5--15 cm, ovate, +- entire to wavy-lobed, teeth or lobes entire. Inflorescence: generally raceme-like. Flower: calyx 5--6 mm, lobes +- = tube; corolla 20--30 mm wide, generally pale violet (white); anthers 7--9 mm, +- equal. Fruit: 8--20 mm, yellow. Seed: +- 2.5 mm. Chromosomes: n=12. Ecology: Uncommon. Disturbed places, fields, roadsides; Elevation: < 200 m. Bioregional Distribution: s NCoRO, n SN, GV, SCo; Distribution Outside California: native to central and eastern United States, northern Mexico. Flowering Time: May--Aug Jepson eFlora Author: Michael H. Nee Unabridged Reference: Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World, pp. 285--333 in M. Nee, D.E. Symon, R.N. Lester & J.P. Jessop (eds.), Solanaceae IV, Advances in Biology and Utilization, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Symon 1981 J Adelaide Bot Gard 4:1--367 Jepson Online Interchange Noxious Weed Previous taxon: Solanum aviculare Next taxon: Solanum dimidiatum
Botanical illustration including Solanum carolinense
Citation for this treatment: Michael H. Nee 2012, Solanum carolinense, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=44835, accessed on August 17, 2019.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2019, Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on August 17, 2019.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
MAP LEGEND View all CCH records All markers link to CCH specimen records. The original determination is shown in the popup window.
Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time.
