Common Name: BARBERRY FAMILY Habit: Perennial herb, shrub, [tree], generally rhizomed, caudexed or not, glabrous, glaucous, or hairy. Stem: spreading to erect, branched or not. Leaf: simple, 1--3-ternate, or pinnately compound, basal and cauline, generally alternate, deciduous or evergreen, petioled, stipuled. Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, or panicle, scapose, terminal, or axillary. Flower: generally bisexual, radial; sepals 6--18 or 0, generally in whorls of 3; petals generally 6, in 2 whorls of 3, or 0; stamens 6--12(13), free or fused at base, in 2 whorls or not, anthers dehiscent by flap-like valves or longitudinal slits; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovules generally 1--10, style 1 or 0, stigma flat or spheric. Fruit: berry, capsule, achene [follicle]. Genera In Family: 16 genera, +- 670 species: temperate, tropics worldwide; some cultivated (Berberis, Epimedium, Nandina (heavenly bamboo), Vancouveria). Note: Lower sepals sometimes called "bracteoles," inner petals "staminodes". eFlora Treatment Author: Michael P. Williams Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: OREGON-GRAPE, BARBERRY Habit: Shrub, generally rhizomed. Stem: spreading to erect, branched, spiny or not, vine-like or not; inner bark, wood generally bright yellow; over-wintering bud scales deciduous or not. Leaf: simple or pinnately compound, cauline, alternate, generally leathery, generally persistent; leaflets generally 3--11, +- round to lanceolate, generally spine-toothed. Inflorescence: raceme, axillary or terminal. Flower: sepals 9 in 3 whorls of 3; petals 6 in 2 whorls of 3, bases generally glandular; stamens 6; ovules 2--9, stigma +- spheric. Fruit: berry, spheric to elliptic, generally purple-black. Etymology: (Latin: ancient Arabic name for barberry) Toxicity: Roots often TOXIC: spines may inject fungal spores into skin. Note: Contact with filament causes stamen to snap inward, possibly to deposit pollen on pollinator. Reference: Kim 2004 J Pl Res 117:175--182 Unabridged Reference: Moran 1982 Phytologia 52:221--226, for relationship between Berberis, Mahonia.
Berberis haematocarpa Wooton
NATIVE Stem: erect, 0.5--4 m; bud scales < 5 mm, generally deciduous. Leaf: 3--6 cm, crowded on short lateral stems; petiole < 1 cm; leaflets 3--5, terminal 3--3.5 cm, 0.8--1.2 cm wide, generally narrow-lanceolate, wavy, generally folded along midrib, base truncate to wedge-shaped, tip generally acuminate, margin +- lobed, spines 3--8 per side, 2--3 mm. Inflorescence: 2--3.5 cm, open; axis internodes 2--10 mm, 5--10 mm in fruit; flowers 3--5. Fruit: 8--10 mm diam, +- spheric, red-brown to dark purple. Seed: 3--4 mm. Ecology: Rocky slopes, pinyon/juniper woodland, chaparral; Elevation: 1000--1850 m. Bioregional Distribution: e&s DMoj; Distribution Outside California: to Texas, Mexico. Flowering Time: Mar--May Note: Perhaps best treated as synonym of Berberis fremontii. Synonyms: Mahonia haematocarpa (Wooton) Fedde Jepson eFlora Author: Michael P. Williams Reference: Kim 2004 J Pl Res 117:175--182 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Berberis fremontii Next taxon: Berberis harrisoniana
Citation for this treatment: Michael P. Williams 2012, Berberis haematocarpa, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=15592, accessed on April 19, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 19, 2024.
No expert verified images found for Berberis haematocarpa.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
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Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
