Habit: Annual, perennial herb, occasionally subshrub, glabrous to hairy, generally scabrous; dioecious, bisexual, or flowers unisexual and bisexual.
Stem: 4-angled, occasionally ridged lengthwise.
Leaf: generally in whorls of >= 4, including leaf-like stipules.
Inflorescence: panicles, axillary clusters (cymes), or occasionally 1 in axils.
Flower: bisexual, or unisexual with sterile stamens or pistils; calyx 0; corolla generally rotate, occasionally +- bell-shaped, generally +- green, yellow to white, occasionally pink or red, lobes generally 4; ovary 2-lobed, styles 2, bases +- fused.
Fruit: 2 nutlets or berry.
Species In Genus: +- 650 species: worldwide, especially temperate.
Etymology: (Greek: milk, from use of some species for curdling)
Note: Ovary and fruit generally +- equally hairy on a pl; staminate plants generally identified by vestigial ovaries, pistillate plants generally by vestigial anthers.
Galium saxatile L.,
Galium schultesii Vest, and
Galium verum L. are lawn weeds in California.
Jepson eFlora Author: Valerie Soza
Reference: Dempster 1978 Univ Calif Publ Bot 73:1--33; Soza & Olmstead 2010 Amer J Bot 97:1630--1646
Unabridged Reference: Dempster 1973 Univ Calif Publ Bot 64:1--36; Dempster & Ehrendorfer 1965 Brittonia 17:289--334; Dempster & Stebbins 1968 Univ Calif Publ Bot 46:1--52; Dempster & Stebbins 1971 Madroño 21:71--95Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange)Key to Galium
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