Constancea 84: Tucker & Ryan, Catalog of California Lichens

Constancea 84, 2006 University and Jepson Herbaria California Lichen Catalog

REVISED CATALOG OF LICHENS, LICHENICOLES, AND ALLIED FUNGI IN CALIFORNIA

Shirley C. Tucker
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610 USA;
and
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
tucker (at) lifesci.ucsb.edu
and
Bruce D. Ryan
Department of Botany & Microbiology,
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ 85287;
deceased

ABSTRACT
This revision of the California lichen catalog reports 1,575 taxa (of which 65 are recognized at the level of variety, subspecies or forma) for the state, an increase of about 580 taxa since the 1979 catalog. The number of genera is 297. The lichen flora of California includes about 36% of the 4,429 species reported for the continental United States and Canada. All known references are given that cite each species as occurring in California. Synonyms are cross-referenced to the current names. Accepted names are listed first, followed by names of taxa that are either excluded or not confirmed. The bibliography includes 854 publications pertaining to California lichens.
Key words: California; Flora; Lichens.

The 25 years since publication of the first catalog of California lichens (Tucker & Jordan 1979) have seen enormous changes in accepted names of lichens, particularly an increase in generic names. The Tucker & Jordan catalog was originally based on literature records assembled by William A. Weber that were contributed to the cryptogamic herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley, CA, where they are deposited. Since then, California lichen material has been examined critically in many genera, resulting in recognition of many new taxa and necessitating many name changes. The need for a revised lichen checklist for California has become markedly apparent, particularly because of an increased interest in lichen collecting in California. This revised catalog is intended to provide a current, comprehensive picture of the species known to occur in California. We consider it a working document that is subject to change. Although a catalog is never complete, the current version should be made easily available to lichenologists and collectors in California and elsewhere.

The great geographic diversity in the state of California is responsible for the relatively large number of lichens found here. The state includes 158,297 square miles (409,990 km²) and extends from 32°32' to 42° north latitude. Climates vary greatly according to elevation and other factors. Yearly precipitation ranges from under 2 inches (5 cm) in the deserts to over 65 inches (165 cm) in the north coastal counties. Elevations range from 282 feet (86m) below sea level in Death Valley to 14,494 ft. (4,419 m) at the summit of Mt. Whitney. The state includes a wide range of habitats for lichens: deserts, sand dunes, mountain ranges, rain forests, montane forests, oak savanna, chaparral, and seacoast. The Mojave, Colorado, and Sonoran deserts are represented in the southern part. Mountain ranges include the Sierra Nevada along most of the eastern boundary, the coast ranges, and desert ranges. In the south, the San Gabriel, Santa Monica, Santa Ynez, Tehachapi, and other ranges have been explored for lichens since the 1870's. Yosemite National Park, in the central part of the Sierra Nevada, was one of the earliest sites collected by Bolander and others.

Records from Tucker & Jordan (1979) are included for completeness for accepted names, and in some cases for synonyms or lists of references where useful. The continuing literature search for state reports since 1979 was begun independently by the two authors, and was eventually combined. Publications (854) include monographs, lichen floras, field trip reports, and other articles, plus some unpublished theses and government reports. References from the 1979 publication are included that report the species under its present name or some additional synonyms, or that represent reports for a scarce species. The references to specific collections include initials of the herbaria (Holmgren et al. 1990) where they are housed. If no herbarium is indicated, the collections are presumed to be held by the collector. Unfortunately, most large holdings of California lichen collections are located in institutions out of the state. A study of literature citations for the state shows how frequently a species has been collected, and thereby suggests the level of abundance or rarity.

The literature citations also provide a means of locating particular lichen collections for comparison, and for determining geographic locations where a species has been found. While distributions in California are not included in the catalog, some information on distribution can be gleaned from a review of the authors of papers cited. Central and northern California collections have been reported by Baltzo, Bourell, Doell, Cooke, Hammer, Herre, Jordan, Jovan, Lindsay, Malachowski, McGee, E. Peterson, Pinelli, Robertson, Shevock, Sigal, D. Smith, Sweet, Tavares, Thiers, Toren, and Wright. Authors who collected primarily in southern California (or reported on southern collections, including the California Channel Islands) include Bowler, Bratt, Eckfeldt, Hasse, Howe, Hue, McClatchie, Merrill, Moxley, Nash, Orcutt, Parish, and Zahlbruckner. Collectors who have collected and reported from throughout California include Arup, Bolander, Hale, Magney, Printzen, Riefner, Ryan, Sanders, Thomson, Timdal, Tucker, Weber, and Wetmore.

The total number of lichen taxa reported here for California is 1,575, compared to 999 (1060 including infraspecific taxa) in the previous catalog (Tucker & Jordan 1979). The species number known has nearly doubled since 1945, when Herre (1945) reported 794 species and varieties known in California. The lichen flora of California includes about 36% of the 4,429 species reported for the continental United States and Canada by Esslinger (2004b). The number of genera represented in California has increased from 170 in 1979 to 297, about 61% of the genera found in the United States and Canada.

We follow approximately the format used by Esslinger & Egan (1995). Taxa are arranged alphabetically, with accepted taxa first (in boldface), followed by names in italics that are either synonyms, possible misidentifications, or names of taxa erroneously attributed to the state. Generic names are in caps the first time they occur. Some generic synonyms are included, if they have been cited for California. Synonymy is not intended to be comprehensive, but includes those names under which the taxa have been reported for California. The source for synonyms, if not given in the text, is usually Esslinger and Egan (1995) or Esslinger's online checklist (2004b). For full citations of older names, Tucker & Jordan (1979) should be consulted. Names have been checked against the Esslinger (2004b) online updated checklist for the continental United States and Canada (URL is given in References).

For species having few or no published reports in California, collection data of verified representative collections from California are included. Where a choice of several collections was available, we selected records that show the broadest geographic range within the state, or that have not been published previously. In some cases, we cite the opinions of experts about problematical reports of species. Some entries are reported based only on a report from a secondary source, such as Fink (1935), Tucker & Jordan (1979), Hale & Cole (1988), or Brodo et al. (2001). Because Tucker & Jordan is cited so frequently, it is referred to as “TJ” in the text.

Knowledge concerning lichenicolous fungi has increased greatly since the first lichen catalog for California was published. These are fungi that are either gall-forming or commensals, and live on other lichens (Hawksworth et al. 1995). The identifications by specialists such as P. Diederich, D. Triebel, and M. Cole are responsible for 120 species in 54 genera reported in the current work, compared to seven species in five genera in 1979. Many more lichenicoles are likely to be found and identified for the state, as collectors become familiar with them.

Much of California remains to be explored lichenologically. Most collectors have concentrated on coastal areas and around major centers of population. The profound influence of individual collectors can be seen in the work of two early collectors, Hermann E. Hasse (Los Angeles area, published 1895–1915), and Albert W. C. T. Herre (around Santa Cruz, published 1906–1963). Of the lichens in early reports for California (primarily by Hasse or Herre), 86 species have not been collected for 90 years, since 1913; another 15 species have not been re-collected for over 65 years (since 1935); and another 27 have not been collected for over 50 years (since 1950). Encouraging evidence of renewed enthusiasm for collecting is demonstrated by the fact that that 42 species have recently been re-collected that had not been collected for at least 50 years.

About 102 species of lichens currently appear to be endemic to California and are so labeled in the text. Status as an endemic can change with an altered concept of a particular species or by discovery of the species outside the known geographic range. Some putative endemics await a detailed study of their genus; for example ten species of Arthonia are considered endemics, but their status may change when the genus undergoes a monographic study. Recently-named taxa may appear to be endemic due to a lack of recognition by collectors as distinct species; an example is in the eight California endemics in the genus Lecania, most described as new by van den Boom & Ryan (2004). Publications with descriptions of newly recognized species generally stimulate extension of the known range of such species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
Ten years of work have gone into preparation of this catalog. Starting in 1995 when ST moved back to California after her retirement, she and Bruce Ryan combined their individual lichen catalogs, and worked to update the earlier catalog by Tucker and Jordan (1979). The devastating death of Bruce Ryan on 23 January 2004 cut short the many years of collegial sharing of his first-hand knowledge of the California lichen flora.

I want to thank three colleagues especially for their contributions. Tom Nash at Arizona State University has been a major knowledgeable collector and student of the California flora. Not only has he collected in many parts of California, but his many publications are major contributions to the state flora. His comprehensive project on the Sonoran Desert lichen flora has funded visits to California and Arizona by numerous lichen specialists, and has resulted in publication of the results in the first two volumes of a major compendium on lichens of the Sonoran region including southern California (Vol. 1, edited by Nash, Ryan, Gries, & Bungartz, 2002; Vol. 2, edited by Nash, Ryan, Diederich, Gries, & Bungartz, 2004).

Isabelle Tavares, outstanding mycologist and lichenologist at the University of California, Berkeley, is also especially commended for her contributions. Isabelle served as reviewer for the catalog after it was submitted to “Constancea”. She has been a meticulous and severe critic, but the catalog would have far more errors had it not been for her sharp eyes reviewing every word. She spent most of a year on the review, sacrificing time she would prefer to have spent on her own research. Her dedication and high standards for the journal “Constancea” are a model to be admired. The authors have benefited from the cooperation of many individuals in preparation of this catalog.

The author also is grateful to Richard L. Moe, editor of “Constancea”, who has spent countless hours on the catalog. With his computer expertise, he has made it easy to use and vastly reduced the number of errors. His endless patience and tolerance have made the transition to electronic publication relatively painless, and a much appreciated learning experience for this author.

Specialists who have provided identifications and other expertise include T. Ahti, A. Aptroot, D. Baltzo, O. Breuss, I. Brodo, W. Buck, F. Bungartz, T. Carlberg, M. Cole, P. Diederich, J. Doell, S. Ekman, T. Esslinger, S. Hammer, R. C. Harris, D. Hawksworth, P. M. Jørgensen, K. Knudsen, J. Lendemer, L. Lindblom, B. McCune, R. Moberg, T. Nash, E. Peterson, C. Printzen, R. Riefner, J. & R. Robertson, R. Rosentreter, W. Sanders, J. Sheard, L. St. Clair, I. Tavares, J. W. Thomson, L. Tibell, E. Timdal, T. Tønsberg, D. Toren, D. Triebel, A. Vĕzda, W. Weber, C. Wetmore, and D. Wright. We thank the following for assistance in arranging loans: M. Bourell (CAS); P. Bowler (UCI); O. Breuss; D. Desjardin (SFSU); P. Diederich; D. Ferguson (LSU); L. Janeway (CSU Chico); P. M. Jørgensen; D. Keil (OBI); L. Lindblom; T. Lumbsch and R. Lücking (FM); B. McCune; R. Muller (SBBG), T. Nash and S. Standley (ASU); C. Printzen; M. Schultz; J. Sheard; S. Sillett; and M. Vincent (MU).

Abbreviations and symbols: “TJ” = previously reported by references in the California lichen catalog by Tucker & Jordan (1979); * = lichenicolous fungi; † = saprophytes related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi; # = various related fungi of uncertain status. Use of the latter three symbols follows usage in Esslinger & Egan (1995). Abbreviations for herbaria follow usage in Holmgren et al. (1990). Other abbreviations include: CA, California; Cpgd, Campground; Co., County; Cyn, Canyon; Hwy, Highway; Isl., Isls, Island(s); mi., miles; Mtn, Mts, mountain(s); Nat., National; N. P., National Park; nr, near; pr. p., pro parte; Rd, Road; S. P., State Park; Univ., University; also months and directions of the compass are abbreviated.

NOTE ON THE ELECTRONIC VERSION.
Accepted names and synonyms are mutually linked. References pertinent to an entry may be retrieved by clicking on the folder icon ( ref ). Most names are linked to an entry in Index Fungorum ().

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

*Abrothallus caerulescens Kotte: (Diederich 2003, 2004)
*Abrothallus microspermus Tul.: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 37640, LaVeaga Park, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., on Flavoparmelia caperata, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold: (TJ)
Synonyms: Buellia parmeliarum (Hasse 1915b), Buelliella parmeliarum (Fink 1935), Lecidea parmeliarum (Hasse 1898a)
*Abrothallus prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner: (Triebel et al. 1991; Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 34655, 35088, pr. p., Los Osos, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG, determinations by Diederich)
*Abrothallus suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 34509, pr. p., Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., on Ramalina menziesii, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus usneae Rabenh.: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 37794, Sugar Loaf Ridge S. P., Sonoma Co., on Usnea arizonica, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus welwitschii Mont. ex Tul.: (McGee 2003, determined by Diederich; Diederich 2004)

Acarospora americana de Lesd.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Knudsen 2004b)
Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.: (Knudsen 2004b; B. Ryan 13672, Eastern Brook Lakes Watershed, Sierra Nevada, 15 km S of Tom's Place, Inyo Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. californica (synonymy fide K. Knudsen [personal communication])
Acarospora bella (Nyl.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Magnusson 1929b; Volk 1963; TJ; Clauzade et al. 1981; Knudsen 2004b)
Acarospora bullata Anzi: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995)
Acarospora cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.: (Knudsen 2005c)
Acarospora citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.: (Herre 1945; TJ)
Acarospora complanata H. Magn.: (B. Ryan 25044, Gold Flat, 9.7 km SW of Scott Bar, Klamath National Forest, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. obscura (synonymy fide Clauzade et al. [1981] and Esslinger [2004b], although Magnusson [1956] considered A. obscura distinct)
Acarospora elevata H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1953; TJ)
Misapplied names (fide K. Knudsen): A. nitida [Hasse collections from San Gabriel Mts in herbaria]
Acarospora epilutescens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Weber 1968)
Synonyms: Acarospora albida H. Magn., non Lecanora epilutescens (Hasse 1903e)
Note: Knudsen (2005a) explained that this yellow Acarospora, known only from Palm Springs and a location in Texas, was confused by Hasse with a pruinose A. strigata in collections identified by Zahlbruckner. Magnusson's descriptions of A. epilutescens (as having pruinose brown thalli, based on Hasse specimens) were accepted by Weber, who continued the confusion.
Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Magnusson 1929b; Herre 1950a; Sigal 1975; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Hill 1997; Thomson 1997; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 146, with color photograph]; Knudsen 2004b)
Synonyms: Lecanora fuscata
Acarospora glaucocarpa (Wahlenb.) Körb.: (Herre 1950a; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 147, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; K. Knudsen has seen material of this species from the San Bernardino Mts [personal communication])
Synonyms: A. cervina var. glaucocarpa (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b), Lecanora glaucocarpa var. depauperata Cromb., and L. glaucocarpa f. pruinifera (Hasse 1903e, 1906)
Acarospora heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körb.: (Magnusson 1929a; TJ; Doell et al. 1999 [as “cf.”])
Synonyms: A. aeruginosa
Acarospora impressula Th. Fr.: (E. Weier collections, central Sierra Nevada, UC)
Acarospora molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevis.: (E. Weier collections, Sierra Nevada, UC)
Acarospora obpallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2003c, 2004b, 2005c; B. Ryan 31465a, Cherry Cyn, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. carnegiei, Lecanora obpallens (Hasse 1897; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Nylander 1900; Hasse 1903a)
Misapplied names (fide K. Knudsen): A. geogena (Bratt 1987, 1997)
Acarospora oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold: (Magnusson 1929b, 1953, 1956; TJ)
Synonyms: A. glebosa (Tuckerman 1872; Hasse 1909, 1913b; Fink 1935), Lecanora fuscata var. oligocarpa (Tuckerman 1882; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903, 1907), L. oligospora (Tuckerman 1872)
Acarospora peliscypha Th. Fr.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora peliscypha (Tuckerman 1866; Willey 1873a; Hasse 1906)
Acarospora radicata H. Magn.: (Wetmore 1985)
Acarospora reagens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902 [Isotype is H. E. Hasse 201, Palm Springs, Riverside Co.], 1903–1907, p. 153; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2003c and color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 10[2]; T. Nash 8456, 3 km SW of Parker Dam on Colorado River, San Bernardino Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. nodulosa var. reagens, Lecanora reagens (Hasse 1903e)
Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Sigal 1975; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Bowler et al. 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Thomson 1997; Robertson et al. 1998; Robertson 2001; Knudsen 2003c; Riefner et al. 2003; Knudsen 2004b and photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 11[1])
Synonyms: Lecanora schleicheri (TJ); A. rhabarbarina
Note: Several synonyms suggested by Weber (1968) are no longer accepted for A. schleicheri sensu stricto.
Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.: (TJ; Bowler et al. 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Knudsen 2005c)
Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A. L. Sm.) H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a; Robertson 2003b; Knudsen 2004a, 2004b, 2005c)
Synonyms: A. hassei [synonymy fide TJ], A. particularis H. Magn. (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2004a)
Acarospora socialis H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a; Wheeler 1938; Weber 1968; TJ; Knudsen 2005c; C. Bratt 3711, Santa Barbara Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 35708, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. evoluta, A. intercedens, A. subalbida
Acarospora stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora stenospora Stizenb. non Zahlbr. (Hasse 1897, 1898a; TJ; Knudsen 2003c and color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 10[2])
Acarospora strigata (Nyl.) Jatta: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 148, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b)
Synonyms: A. epilutescens sensu H. Magn. and sensu Hasse non Zahlbr., A. peltasticta, A. strigata var. peltata, Lecanora peltasticta (Hasse 1903e)
Acarospora terricola H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b, 1956; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; K. Knudsen 1108, fertile specimens, Torrey Pines S. P., San Diego Co., ASU, NY, determined by K. Knudsen, compared with holotype; CA endemic)
Acarospora thamnina (Tuck.) Herre: (Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Robertson 2003b; B. Ryan 26145, Chilao Cpgd, San Gabriel Mts, Angeles Nat. Forest, Los Angeles Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. interposita var. nitidella, A. thermophila, Lecanora cervina var. thamnina (Tuckerman 1872) (synonymy fide Magnusson)
Acarospora thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Knudsen 2003a, 2003c, and color photographs on front and back covers of CALS Bulletin 10[1,2]; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003b; Riefner & Rosentreter 2004; CA endemic)
Synonyms: A. pleiospora, A. pleistospora, Lecanora thelococcoides
Acarospora veronensis A. Massal.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2004b, 2005c)
Acarospora washingtonensis H. Magn.: (K. Knudsen 1239, Holcombe Valley, San Bernardino Mts, San Bernardino Co., ASU)
Acarospora xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta: (Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora xanthophana (TJ for references)
Note: This is a punctiform species in yellow group, with a type from Chile; CA material of Hasse and others belong to the A. bella / A. socialis group fide K. Knudsen.
Acarospora aeruginosa Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1944c; TJ)
=A. heppii
Acarospora albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb.: (Salisbury 1966; TJ)
=Thelocarpon albomarginatum Herre (Herre 1912b; Fink 1935)
Note: Acarospora albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of a Tunisian species, Acarospora albomarginata de Lesd. fide I. Tavares.
Acarospora arenosa Herre: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ; Knudsen 2004b; Knudsen 2005c; A. Sanders, comm. K. Knudsen 1365, Boden Cyn, San Diego Co., UCR, ASU, determination by K. Knudsen)
=Sarcogyne arenosa
Acarospora californica Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1914; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Doell et al. 1999)
=A. badiofusca
Acarospora carnegiei Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Bratt 1999)
=A. obpallens (synonymy fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora cervina A. Massal.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora cervina, but misidentifications for CA
Acarospora cervina var. glaucocarpa (Wahlenb.) Körb.: =A. glaucocarpa (TJ)
Acarospora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1908b, 1913b; Herre 1910; TJ; von Reis 1991; Knudsen 2004b)
=Pleopsidium chlorophanum, but most North American records (see TJ) are other species of Acarospora fide B. Ryan
Acarospora epilutescens sensu H. Magn. and sensu Hasse non Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Weber 1968; this is probably an undescribed species fide B. Ryan, because Magnusson's descriptions of A. epilutescens [as having pruinose brown thalli, based on H. E. Hasse specimens] differ from the protologue describing a yellow species in Zahlbruckner [1902])
=A. strigata (synonymy fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora evoluta H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b, 1956; Weber 1968; color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 11[1])
=A. socialis
Acarospora flava (Bellardi) Ach.: (Fink 1935; Herre 1942a, 1945, 1950a; TJ)
=Pleopsidium flavum; misidentifications? fide B. Ryan
Acarospora geogena H. Magn.: (Bratt 1987, 1997, based on C. Bratt 8656, Point Loma, San Diego Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. geophila H. Magn. (1954), non H. Magn. (1944)
Note: The Bratt specimen is K-, unlike A. geogena. It has been re-identified by K. Knudsen as A. obpallens.
Acarospora glaucocarpa f. arenacea H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b)
=Sarcogyne arenosa
Acarospora glebosa (Flot.) Körb.: (Tuckerman 1872; Hasse 1909, 1913b; Fink 1935)
=A. oligospora
Acarospora hassei Herre: (Herre 1910; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; TJ; Thomson 1997; Knudsen 2004b)
=A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Magnusson 1929b; Clauzade & Roux [1985] regard these as distinct taxa)
Acarospora intercedens H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1956; Weber [1968], who merged it with A. schleicheri s. l.)
=A. socialis, a reduced specimen fide K. Knudsen [personal communication]
Acarospora interposita H. Magn. var. nitidella H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ)
=A. thamnina (synonymy fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora nitida H. Magn.: (Ryan & Nash 1991; this name was incorrectly applied by Hasse to collections of A. elevata from San Gabriel Mts fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens (Zahlbr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux: (Clauzade et al. [1981] named the variety but did not mention CA; St. Clair & Warrick [1987] stated that this variety had been collected from a single site near Palm Springs)
=A. reagens fide K. Knudsen
Acarospora obscura H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1956; TJ)
=A. complanata in Esslinger 2004b, although Magnusson regarded them as distinct species
Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991)
=Pleopsidium flavum
Acarospora particularis H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Knudsen 2004a; TJ)
=A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Knudsen 2004a)
Acarospora peltasticta Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902, 1903–1907; Herre 1911a; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; von Reis 1991; Doell et al. 1999)
=A. strigata (synonymy fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora pleiospora (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Lendemer 2004a)
=A. thelococcoides
Acarospora pleistospora (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Lendemer 2004a)
=A. thelococcoides
Acarospora rhabarbarina Hue: (Fink 1935)
=A. schleicheri
Acarospora rufescens (Ach.) Bausch: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942a, 1950a; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; Knudsen 2004b; name was applied incorrectly to collections of several other species fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Synonyms: Lecanora rufescens
Acarospora simplex (Davies) Jatta f. complicata Cromb.: (Hasse 1903e, 1906)
=Biatorella simplex
Acarospora squamulosa (Schrad.) Trevis.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; name was misapplied to collections of several other species fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Synonyms: Lecanora cervina var. squamulosa (Tuckerman 1872), L. squamulosa (Hasse 1898a)
Acarospora strigata var. peltata (Hasse) H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b)
=A. strigata
Acarospora subalbida H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ)
=A. socialis (an ecological modification with white pruina fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora thermophila Herre: (Magnusson 1929b; Herre 1945; TJ)
=A. thamnina (synonymy fide Magnusson)

Acolium bolanderi Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Thelomma mammosum
Acolium californicum Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Thelomma californicum
Acolium chloroconium Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888)
=Cyphelium chloroconium
Acolium sancti-jacobi Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1883a; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Texosporium sancti-jacobi
Acolium tigillare (Ach.) De Not.: (Bolander 1870; Hasse 1906)
=Cyphelium tigillare
Acolium tympanellum (Ach.) De Not.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a)
=Cyphelium inquinans

Acrocordia conoidea (Fr.) Körb.: (Aptroot 2002; S. Tucker 33725, on shale, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris: Misapplied names: Arthopyrenia sphaeroides (Tucker & Jordan 1979 fide Aptroot 2002)

Actinogyra polyrhiza (L.) Schol.: (Llano 1950; Baltzo 1970; TJ)
=Umbilicaria polyrhiza

Adelolecia sonorae Hertel: (Hertel [2004] cited T. Nash 41422 from San Miguel Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)

Ahtiana pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & A. Thell: (Thell et al. 1995; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 149, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Cetraria pallidula (Tucker 1973; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004), Tuckermannopsis pallidula
Ahtiana sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward: (Goward et al. 1994; Thell et al. 1995; Tucker & Bratt 1995; McCune & Geiser 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 150, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: Parmelia sphaerosporella (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903c; Fink 1935; Herre 1945, 1946; Tucker 1973)

Alectoria imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; McCune & Geiser 1997; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 152, with color photograph]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Note: “A. montana” is an herbarium name occasionally used for A. imshaugii fide I. Brodo (personal communication).
Alectoria lata (Taylor) Linds.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 152, with color photograph]; Carlberg 2003)
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.: (Howe 1911; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Ahti & Henssen 1965; Lindsay 1973; Tucker 1973; Malachowski 1975; Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa: (Wright 1997; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. 2001; Ryan [2002], who suggested that it is probably extinct in S CA; Robertson 2002a; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Alectoria vancouverensis (Gyeln.) Gyeln. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 154]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Alectoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl.: (Hale [1969] map)
=Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Note: Hale's indication that this species is in CA is incorrect; it occurs on the West Coast from Vancouver Island N to Alaska fide Brodo & Hawksworth 1977.
Alectoria californica (Tuck.) G. Merr.: (Merrill 1910)
=Kaernefeltia californica
Alectoria canariensis (Ach.) Mont.: (Eckfeldt 1893; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Usnea canariensis DC. (misidentifications for CA)
Alectoria chalybeiformis (L.) Gray: (Howe 1914–1915; Herre 1945)
=Bryoria chalybeiformis (misidentifications; an arctic/alpine species; no known collections from CA)
Alectoria fremontii Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1858; Nylander 1858, 1858–1860; Tuckerman 1866; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Hue 1890; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1905; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1909; Herre 1910; Howe 1911; Du Rietz 1926; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Motyka 1964; Lindsay 1973)
=Bryoria fremontii
Alectoria implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl.: =Bryoria implexa (Motyka 1964; Jordan 1968; but Baltzo [2002] suggested that Jordan's material might rather have been Bryoria capillaris, based on the reported C- chemical reaction and the absence of B. implexa from further south than Idaho in western U. S.; no correctly identified specimens of this species from CA are known to us)
Alectoria jubata (L.) Ach.: (TJ; misidentifications; name has been applied to numerous species fide Brodo & Hawksworth [1977, p. 150])
Alectoria minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel.: (Imshaug 1957; Sigal & Toren 1974)
=Pseudephebe minuscula
Alectoria montana Brodo & D. Hawksw. ined.: (Malachowski 1975; Robertson 2002a; herbarium name for A. imshaugii fide I. Brodo [personal communication])
Alectoria nidulifera Norrl.: (Ahti & Henssen 1965; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975)
=Bryoria furcellata
Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; misidentifications for CA)
Alectoria oregana Tuck.: (Hasse 1905, 1908b; Howe 1911; Herre 1912a; Hasse 1913b; Gyelnik 1931; Fink 1935; Herre 1942a, 1945, 1950a; Motyka 1964; Ahti & Henssen 1965; Baltzo 1970)
=Nodobryoria oregana
Alectoria pseudofuscescens Gyeln.: (Lindsay 1973)
=Bryoria pseudofuscescens
Alectoria tortuosa G. Merr.: (Lindsay 1973; Tucker 1973; Brodo & Hawksworth 1977)
=Bryoria tortuosa

Allarthonia patellulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b)
=Arthonia patellulata
Allarthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa (Zahlbr.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b)
=Arthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa

Amandinea subduplicata (Vain.) Marbach: (Marbach 2000)
Amandinea submontana Marbach: (Marbach 2000)
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.: (Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Thomson 1997; Doell et al. 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 158, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Riefner et al. 2003)
=Buellia punctata
Amandinea turgescens (Tuck.) Marbach: (Bratt 1999; Marbach [2000] reported it only from eastern North America)
=Buellia badia (synonymy in Bungartz & Nash 2004)

Anaptychia elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt: (J. R. Shevock 13362 [as Physconia thomsonii] Kern Co.; J. R. Shevock 13024, Tulare Co., determined by B. Ryan; synonymy but no CA report in Esslinger [2002, p. 96]; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, p. 566, mislabeled as Physconia thomsonii])
Anaptychia setifera Räsänen: (Robertson & Robertson [2002], based on J. & R. Robertson 5702, rocky headlands along Hwy 1, Mt. Tamalpais S. P., Marin Co., !T. Esslinger)
Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb.: (Herre 1910; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; misidentifications for North America)
Anaptychia comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910)
=Heterodermia comosa (but Herre collections should be verified; occurring in Mexico outside the Sonoran area fide Moberg & Nash [2002])
Anaptychia erinacea (Ach.) Trevis.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Herre 1945; Kurokawa 1973; TJ)
=Heterodermia erinacea
Anaptychia leucomela (L.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Malachowski 1975)
=Heterodermia leucomela
Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) A. Massal.: (Merrill 1923; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Kurokawa 1962; Jordan 1968)
=Heterodermia leucomela

Anema dodgei Herre: (Herre 1944a; TJ)
Note: The type is F. Drouet & J. P. MacBride 4621, on desert soil, 1 mi. SW of Essex, San Bernardino Co., alt. 1,000 ft. According to C. Wetmore (personal communication), presumed isotypes of Anema dodgei are referable to Heppia.

Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; von Reis 1991; Aptroot 2002; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Arthopyrenia biformis (Herre 1910; Hasse 1912, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Jordan 1968), A. parvula (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Riddle 1918; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b), Leiophloea parvula
Misapplied names: Arthopyrenia conformis (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
Anisomeridium subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris: (Aptroot 2002; S. Tucker 34375, pr. p., Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
Anisomeridium finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris: (von Reis 1991)
= misidentification for CA fide Tucker (1999)

Anthracothecium pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg.: (TJ)
=Pyrenula pyrenuloides
Anthracothecium thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=Pyrenula thelomorpha

Arthonia caesia (Flot.) Körb.: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 164, with color photograph and map which showed it around Los Angeles]; Tucker 2002)
Arthonia caudata Willey: (Hasse 1898a; TJ)
Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.: (TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 164, with color photograph])
Synonyms: A. gregaria (Willey 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1906; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c), A. tumidula
*Arthonia clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.: (Diederich [2003] as “s. str.”)
Arthonia complanata Fée: (Herre 1944b; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Arthonia crozalsiana de Lesd.: (Sundin & Tehler 1998)
Arthonia cytisi A. Massal.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: A. dispersa var. cytisi (Hasse 1896, 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
Arthonia diffusa Nyl.: (Willey [1890, p. 36]; Hasse 1898a, 1913a; TJ; H. E. Hasse 852, on Malvastrum thurberi, Santa Monica Range, Los Angeles Co., 1900, MIN)
Note: The Hasse collection does not resemble collections of this species from Maine.
Arthonia diffusella Fink: (Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; TJ; Bourell 2000 [as “cf.”])
Arthonia epipastoides Nyl.: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1906, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia excedens Nyl.: (Jordan 1968; TJ; Baltzo 2002)
*Arthonia farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant.: (Diederich 2003; S. Tucker 36515, 36516, San Simeon S. P., San Luis Obispo Co., on soralia of Ramalina, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
Arthonia galactitella Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia galactites (DC.) Dufour var. depuncta Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; TJ)
Arthonia glebosa Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Willey 1890; Zahlbruckner 1903–1907, p. 90; Orcutt 1903 [as “A. globosa”], 1907; Fink 1935; TJ; Egea & Torrente [1995b] suggest that this taxon does not belong in Arthonia)
Arthonia gyalectoides Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Bourell 2000; H. E. Hasse [!S. Tucker] on Heteromeles arbutifolia, Catalina Isl., 1902, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2470, MIN; T. Tønsberg TT14742, Del Norte Co., BG, determination by R. Sundin; CA endemic)
Arthonia ilicina Taylor: (S. Tucker 35259, Caspar Point, S of Fort Bragg; S. Tucker 35278, Pygmy Forest off Mitchell Creek Drive, 1.6 mi. S of Simpson Lane, near Fort Bragg, Mendocino Co., SBBG, !B. Ryan)
Arthonia infectans Egea & Torrente: (Egea & Torrente 1995b; CA endemic)
*Arthonia intexta Almq.: (Hertel [1969, cited “California”, 1897, Hasse, herb. Nyl. 19986], 1971b; TJ; Triebel et al. 1991; Thomson 1997)
Synonyms: Lecidea arthoniza
Arthonia lecanactidea Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, on Lycium californicum, beach bluffs near San Pedro, 1897, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 1316, MIN [!S. Tucker]; CA endemic)
Arthonia madreana Egea & Torrente: (Egea & Torrente 1995b; CA endemic)
Arthonia microspermella Willey: (Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
*Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant.: (Cole & Hawksworth [2001, p. 312], based in part on C. Bratt 7864, on Caloplaca luteominia, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG, determined by M. Cole)
Arthonia ochrolutea Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; TJ; S. Tucker 37842, 25 mi. S of Half Moon Bay, San Mateo Co., SBBG)
Arthonia patellulata Nyl.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ; Thomson 1997)
Arthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa Zahlbr.: (CA endemic)
Synonyms: Allarthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa (H. E. Hasse on Chrysoma pinifolia [= Ericameria pinifolia], near Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., 1900, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2071, MIN, !S. Tucker)
Arthonia polygramma Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; Herre 1912a [on oak, Alum Rock S. P., Inner Coast Range, Santa Clara Co., 450 ft. elev.]; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., 1912, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 1, MIN)
Arthonia polymorpha Ach.: (Hasse 1906; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm.: Synonyms: A. impolita (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a, 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1942b; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Doell 2002)
Synonyms: A. pruinosa
Arthonia pruinosella Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1898b, 1913b; Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia punctiformis Ach.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Monica Mts, July 1910, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2, MU)
Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; TJ)
Arthonia quintaria Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; TJ)
Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach.: (Hasse 1895, 1896; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Herre 1910; Volk 1963; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 165], with color photograph)
Synonyms: A. astroidea, A. astroidea var. swartziana
Arthonia rhoidis Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903b, 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia spadicea Leight.: (H. E. Hasse 700, on Tilia americana, Soldiers' Home, Los Angeles Co., 1899, MIN; S. Tucker 33684, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. lurida (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia stictella Stizenb.: (Hasse 1896, 1903b, 1913b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia subdiffusa Willey: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia subdispuncta Nyl.: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Bourell 2000)
Synonyms: A. dispersa var. tetramera
Arthonia adveniens Nyl.: (Hasse 1906)
=Arthothelium adveniens
Arthonia anastomosans (Ach.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Arthothelium anastomosans
Arthonia astroidea Ach.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b)
=A. radiata
Arthonia astroidea Ach. var. swartziana Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1903b)
=A. radiata
Arthonia chiodectella Nyl.: (TJ; but based on an error; no primary CA citation)
Arthonia dispersa var. cytisi A. Massal.: (Hasse 1896, 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=A. cytisi
Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. var. tetramera Stizenb.: (Hasse 1896, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=A. tetramera
Arthonia epigina Tuck.: (Orcutt 1885, 1903, 1907; TJ)
Note: This name is not in Zahlbruckner (1934) or Esslinger (2004b). The taxon to which it refers is uncertain.
Arthonia gregaria (Weigel) Körb. non Fée: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1906; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c)
=A. cinnabarina
Arthonia impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a, 1890; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; TJ; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 192, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co.; 477, Marin Co.)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia impolita var. chiodectonoides Tuck.: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1898a, 1906, 1913b)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia impolita var. subfusca Nyl.: (Hasse 1903f)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia interveniens Nyl.: (Hasse 1906)
=Arthothelium interveniens
Arthonia lurida Ach. nom. rej.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ)
=A. spadicea
Arthonia orbillifera Almq.: (Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903 [as “A. orbolifera”], 1907)
=Arthothelium orbilliferum
Arthonia premnea (Ach.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1896; Orcutt 1903, 1907; may be misidentifications of Cresponea chloroconia)
Arthonia pruinosa (Nyl.) Ach.: (Hue 1891; McClatchie 1897)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia pyrenuloides Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Pyrenula pyrenuloides
Arthonia sanguinea Willey: (Nylander 1885; Willey 1885, 1890; Hue 1891; Hasse 1903f; Orcutt 1903)
=Arthothelium sanguineum
Arthonia spectabilis Flot.: (Hasse 1898a)
=Arthothelium spectabile
Arthonia taediosa Nyl.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Arthothelium taediosum
Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach.: (H. Thiers 23222, San Francisco Watershed, San Mateo Co.; H. Thiers 32400, Santa Cruz Peninsula, Santa Cruz Co.; H. Thiers 1208, Bolinas Lagoon, Marin Co., SFSU)
=A. cinnabarina (synonymy fide Esslinger 2004b)

Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ; Aptroot [2002] reported only collections from CA Channel islands; most early reports for North America were misidentifications of A. punctiformis fide R. C. Harris [personal communication])
Synonyms: A. fallax, Verrucaria epidermidis var. analepta, V. fallax
Arthopyrenia lyrata R. C. Harris: (Aptroot 2002; Tucker 1997, 1999; S. Tucker 34374, Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34625, Cerro Alto Cpgd, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 35974, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., SBBG)
Arthopyrenia plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; Aptroot 2002)
Synonyms: A. cinereopruinosa (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; R. Harris 1975; TJ; misapplied), A. herrei (R. Harris 1975; TJ), Porina plumbaria (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935), Pyrenula herrei (Fink 1935; Herre 1942b), Verrucaria carpinea var. plumbaria (Hasse 1898a), V. plumbaria (Hasse 1895, 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
Misapplied names: V. cinerea (Hasse 1906)
Arthopyrenia punctiformis (Schrank) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Aptroot 2002)
Synonyms: A. epidermidis, A. padi (R. Harris 1975; TJ), Pyrenula punctiformis, Verrucaria epidermidis, V. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
= misidentifications for CA
Arthopyrenia antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold: (S. Tucker 34375, pr. p., Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34498, 34574, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
=Mycoporum antecellens (synonymy fide Harris 1995)
Arthopyrenia biformis (Borrer) A. Massal.: (references in TJ)
=Anisomeridium biforme (R. Harris 1975; TJ) Some of the early reports may be based on misidentifications, probably of Acrocordia cavata
Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1912b; Fink 1935; Noble et al. 1987; R. Riefner 93–20, [determination by J. W. Thomson] San Luis Obispo Co.: Montaña de Oro S. P., 3 Feb 1993; R. Harris [1975] said A. cerasi should be deleted from the North American flora)
Synonyms: Pyrenula cerasi (McClatchie 1897), Verrucaria cerasi (Hasse 1895, 1906; Orcutt 1907)
Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; R. Harris 1975; TJ)
= misidentifications, probably of A. plumbaria for early CA reports
Arthopyrenia conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
= misidentifications of Anisomeridium biforme for North America
Arthopyrenia epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal.: (TJ)
=A. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia fallax (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1914, 1915b; Merrill 1923)
=A. analepta
Arthopyrenia halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1907; Fink 1935)
=Collemopsidium halodytes
Arthopyrenia herrei R. C. Harris ined.: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; von Reis 1991)
Arthopyrenia litoralis (Leight.) Arnold: (Herre 1942c; TJ)
= misidentifications, possibly of Collemopsidium sublitorale
Arthopyrenia padi Rabenh.: (R. Harris 1975; TJ)
=A. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia parvula Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Riddle 1918; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b)
=Anisomeridium biforme
Arthopyrenia sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr.: (references in TJ)
=Acrocordia gemmata, but misidentifications for CA
Arthopyrenia sublitoralis (Leight.) Arnold: (Thomson 1997)
=Collemopsidium sublitorale

Arthothelium abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: Opegrapha abnormis (Herre 1912a)
Arthothelium adveniens Nyl.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia adveniens (Hasse 1906)
Arthothelium anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold: (Herre 1912b; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; S. Tucker 37890, Univ. of California campus, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Arthonia anastomosans (Ach.) Nyl. (Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1907)
Arthothelium interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia interveniens (Hasse 1906)
Arthothelium orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bourell 2000; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Arthonia orbillifera (Hasse 1903b)
Arthothelium pruinascens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1900; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Monica Range, Apr, 1903, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 51, MU; S. Tucker 35661B, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; CA endemic)
Arthothelium sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b, 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b; TJ; S. Tucker 33739, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Arthonia sanguinea (Nylander 1885; Willey 1885, 1890; Hue 1891; Hasse 1903f)
Arthothelium spectabile (Flot.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia spectabilis
Arthothelium subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; S. Tucker 34194B, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; CA endemic)
Arthothelium taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Highland Park, near Pasadena, Apr, 1906, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 3, MU)
Synonyms: Arthonia taediosa (Hasse 1903f)

Arthrosporum populorum A. Massal.: Synonyms: Bacidia acclinis (Herre [1944b based on C. L. Brown, Marin Co., but this specimen = Cresponea chloroconia fide S. Tucker]), B. populorum, Bilimbia acclinis

Aspicilia aquatica Körb.

ASPICILIA (Ryan & Nash [1991, B. Ryan 12615a, Eastern Brook Lakes, Inyo Co., ASU])

Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold

(Hale & Cole 1988; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Hill 1997; Thomson 1997; McGee 1998 [as A. cf. caesiocinerea]; Bratt 1999; Baltzo 2002 [as A. cf. caesiocinerea]; Robertson 2003b)

Aspicilia californica Rosentr.

(Rosentreter 1998; Sanders 1999b; Riefner & Rosentreter 2004)
Synonyms: A. tuckerae Ryan ined. on some herbarium specimens; Aspicilia sp. (Weber 1967a; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 178, S of Ione, Amador Co.; CA endemic)

Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb.

(Weber 1967c; Sigal 1975; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 168, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora cinerea (TJ)

Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp.

(Bowler et al. 1996; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 169, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora contorta (Herre 1942a, 1942c, 1950a; TJ; Robertson 2003b)

Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk.

(C. Bratt 1689, Aliso Cyn, behind Los Prietos Ranger Station, Santa Ynez Mts, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; C. Bratt 5083, Ventura Co., SBBG)

Aspicilia epiglypta Hue

(Weber [1989a], Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 689, San Joaquin Experimental Range, Madera Co., ASU, as “cf.”)

Aspicilia filiformis Rosentr.

(S. Tucker 34130, Big Rocks, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG; determination by B. Ryan)

Aspicilia gibbosa (Ach.) Körb.

(Baltzo 1989; von Reis 1991; Wright 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora cinerea var. gibbosa, L. gibbosa (Hasse 1898a, 1908a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; TJ), L. gibbosula (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958 as “cf. A. gibbosula”; Baltzo 1970, as “synonymous with L. gibbosa Ach. sensu Herre”; TJ; Baltzo 1989), L. lusca f. lignicola

Aspicilia glaucopsina (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hue

(K. Knudsen 906, western side of San Jacinto Mts, Riverside Co., ASU; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Lecanora glaucopsina (Hasse 1898a, 1913b; Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935; TJ; synonymy fide K. Knudsen)

Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold

(Wetmore 1985; Baltzo 1989; Wright 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora laevata (Hasse 1898a, 1903a, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Baltzo 1970)

Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.

(Ryan & Nash [1991] cited Inyo Co. collections; B. Ryan 23555, Desolation Wilderness, El Dorado Co., ASU; B. Ryan 26602, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU; B. Ryan 24188, Emigrant Wilderness, Tuolumne Co., ASU)

Aspicilia simoënsis Räsänen

(Ryan & Nash 1991; B. Ryan 26602b, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU; B. Ryan 25382b, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)

Aspicilia supertegens Arnold

(Thomson 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora supertegens (Sigal & Toren 1976)

Aspicilia verrucigera Hue

(B. Ryan 25388, trail through Big Meadows, edge of Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)

Aspicilia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert

=Lobothallia alphoplaca

Aspicilia americana de Lesd.

(Weber et al. 1987 [as “cf.”, Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 178 a, b, S of Ione, Amador Co., identified as Aspicilia californica Rosentreter by Rosentreter 1998, p. 166])

Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd

(Baltzo 1989; Wright 1997; Bratt 1999; Bourell 2000)
= probable misidentifications for CA (fide B. Ryan)
Synonyms: Lecanora calcarea

Aspicilia melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert

=Lobothallia melanaspis

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold: (Ekman [1996] cited records from Marin and Humboldt counties)
Bac