Constancea 84: Tucker & Ryan, Catalog of California Lichens

Constancea 84, 2006 University and Jepson Herbaria California Lichen Catalog

REVISED CATALOG OF LICHENS, LICHENICOLES, AND ALLIED FUNGI IN CALIFORNIA

Shirley C. Tucker
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106–9610 USA;
and
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
tucker (at) lifesci.ucsb.edu
and
Bruce D. Ryan
Department of Botany & Microbiology,
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ 85287;
deceased

ABSTRACT
This revision of the California lichen catalog reports 1,575 taxa (of which 65 are recognized at the level of variety, subspecies or forma) for the state, an increase of about 580 taxa since the 1979 catalog. The number of genera is 297. The lichen flora of California includes about 36% of the 4,429 species reported for the continental United States and Canada. All known references are given that cite each species as occurring in California. Synonyms are cross-referenced to the current names. Accepted names are listed first, followed by names of taxa that are either excluded or not confirmed. The bibliography includes 854 publications pertaining to California lichens.
Key words: California; Flora; Lichens.

The 25 years since publication of the first catalog of California lichens (Tucker & Jordan 1979) have seen enormous changes in accepted names of lichens, particularly an increase in generic names. The Tucker & Jordan catalog was originally based on literature records assembled by William A. Weber that were contributed to the cryptogamic herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley, CA, where they are deposited. Since then, California lichen material has been examined critically in many genera, resulting in recognition of many new taxa and necessitating many name changes. The need for a revised lichen checklist for California has become markedly apparent, particularly because of an increased interest in lichen collecting in California. This revised catalog is intended to provide a current, comprehensive picture of the species known to occur in California. We consider it a working document that is subject to change. Although a catalog is never complete, the current version should be made easily available to lichenologists and collectors in California and elsewhere.

The great geographic diversity in the state of California is responsible for the relatively large number of lichens found here. The state includes 158,297 square miles (409,990 km²) and extends from 32°32' to 42° north latitude. Climates vary greatly according to elevation and other factors. Yearly precipitation ranges from under 2 inches (5 cm) in the deserts to over 65 inches (165 cm) in the north coastal counties. Elevations range from 282 feet (86m) below sea level in Death Valley to 14,494 ft. (4,419 m) at the summit of Mt. Whitney. The state includes a wide range of habitats for lichens: deserts, sand dunes, mountain ranges, rain forests, montane forests, oak savanna, chaparral, and seacoast. The Mojave, Colorado, and Sonoran deserts are represented in the southern part. Mountain ranges include the Sierra Nevada along most of the eastern boundary, the coast ranges, and desert ranges. In the south, the San Gabriel, Santa Monica, Santa Ynez, Tehachapi, and other ranges have been explored for lichens since the 1870's. Yosemite National Park, in the central part of the Sierra Nevada, was one of the earliest sites collected by Bolander and others.

Records from Tucker & Jordan (1979) are included for completeness for accepted names, and in some cases for synonyms or lists of references where useful. The continuing literature search for state reports since 1979 was begun independently by the two authors, and was eventually combined. Publications (854) include monographs, lichen floras, field trip reports, and other articles, plus some unpublished theses and government reports. References from the 1979 publication are included that report the species under its present name or some additional synonyms, or that represent reports for a scarce species. The references to specific collections include initials of the herbaria (Holmgren et al. 1990) where they are housed. If no herbarium is indicated, the collections are presumed to be held by the collector. Unfortunately, most large holdings of California lichen collections are located in institutions out of the state. A study of literature citations for the state shows how frequently a species has been collected, and thereby suggests the level of abundance or rarity.

The literature citations also provide a means of locating particular lichen collections for comparison, and for determining geographic locations where a species has been found. While distributions in California are not included in the catalog, some information on distribution can be gleaned from a review of the authors of papers cited. Central and northern California collections have been reported by Baltzo, Bourell, Doell, Cooke, Hammer, Herre, Jordan, Jovan, Lindsay, Malachowski, McGee, E. Peterson, Pinelli, Robertson, Shevock, Sigal, D. Smith, Sweet, Tavares, Thiers, Toren, and Wright. Authors who collected primarily in southern California (or reported on southern collections, including the California Channel Islands) include Bowler, Bratt, Eckfeldt, Hasse, Howe, Hue, McClatchie, Merrill, Moxley, Nash, Orcutt, Parish, and Zahlbruckner. Collectors who have collected and reported from throughout California include Arup, Bolander, Hale, Magney, Printzen, Riefner, Ryan, Sanders, Thomson, Timdal, Tucker, Weber, and Wetmore.

The total number of lichen taxa reported here for California is 1,575, compared to 999 (1060 including infraspecific taxa) in the previous catalog (Tucker & Jordan 1979). The species number known has nearly doubled since 1945, when Herre (1945) reported 794 species and varieties known in California. The lichen flora of California includes about 36% of the 4,429 species reported for the continental United States and Canada by Esslinger (2004b). The number of genera represented in California has increased from 170 in 1979 to 297, about 61% of the genera found in the United States and Canada.

We follow approximately the format used by Esslinger & Egan (1995). Taxa are arranged alphabetically, with accepted taxa first (in boldface), followed by names in italics that are either synonyms, possible misidentifications, or names of taxa erroneously attributed to the state. Generic names are in caps the first time they occur. Some generic synonyms are included, if they have been cited for California. Synonymy is not intended to be comprehensive, but includes those names under which the taxa have been reported for California. The source for synonyms, if not given in the text, is usually Esslinger and Egan (1995) or Esslinger's online checklist (2004b). For full citations of older names, Tucker & Jordan (1979) should be consulted. Names have been checked against the Esslinger (2004b) online updated checklist for the continental United States and Canada (URL is given in References).

For species having few or no published reports in California, collection data of verified representative collections from California are included. Where a choice of several collections was available, we selected records that show the broadest geographic range within the state, or that have not been published previously. In some cases, we cite the opinions of experts about problematical reports of species. Some entries are reported based only on a report from a secondary source, such as Fink (1935), Tucker & Jordan (1979), Hale & Cole (1988), or Brodo et al. (2001). Because Tucker & Jordan is cited so frequently, it is referred to as “TJ” in the text.

Knowledge concerning lichenicolous fungi has increased greatly since the first lichen catalog for California was published. These are fungi that are either gall-forming or commensals, and live on other lichens (Hawksworth et al. 1995). The identifications by specialists such as P. Diederich, D. Triebel, and M. Cole are responsible for 120 species in 54 genera reported in the current work, compared to seven species in five genera in 1979. Many more lichenicoles are likely to be found and identified for the state, as collectors become familiar with them.

Much of California remains to be explored lichenologically. Most collectors have concentrated on coastal areas and around major centers of population. The profound influence of individual collectors can be seen in the work of two early collectors, Hermann E. Hasse (Los Angeles area, published 1895–1915), and Albert W. C. T. Herre (around Santa Cruz, published 1906–1963). Of the lichens in early reports for California (primarily by Hasse or Herre), 86 species have not been collected for 90 years, since 1913; another 15 species have not been re-collected for over 65 years (since 1935); and another 27 have not been collected for over 50 years (since 1950). Encouraging evidence of renewed enthusiasm for collecting is demonstrated by the fact that that 42 species have recently been re-collected that had not been collected for at least 50 years.

About 102 species of lichens currently appear to be endemic to California and are so labeled in the text. Status as an endemic can change with an altered concept of a particular species or by discovery of the species outside the known geographic range. Some putative endemics await a detailed study of their genus; for example ten species of Arthonia are considered endemics, but their status may change when the genus undergoes a monographic study. Recently-named taxa may appear to be endemic due to a lack of recognition by collectors as distinct species; an example is in the eight California endemics in the genus Lecania, most described as new by van den Boom & Ryan (2004). Publications with descriptions of newly recognized species generally stimulate extension of the known range of such species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
Ten years of work have gone into preparation of this catalog. Starting in 1995 when ST moved back to California after her retirement, she and Bruce Ryan combined their individual lichen catalogs, and worked to update the earlier catalog by Tucker and Jordan (1979). The devastating death of Bruce Ryan on 23 January 2004 cut short the many years of collegial sharing of his first-hand knowledge of the California lichen flora.

I want to thank three colleagues especially for their contributions. Tom Nash at Arizona State University has been a major knowledgeable collector and student of the California flora. Not only has he collected in many parts of California, but his many publications are major contributions to the state flora. His comprehensive project on the Sonoran Desert lichen flora has funded visits to California and Arizona by numerous lichen specialists, and has resulted in publication of the results in the first two volumes of a major compendium on lichens of the Sonoran region including southern California (Vol. 1, edited by Nash, Ryan, Gries, & Bungartz, 2002; Vol. 2, edited by Nash, Ryan, Diederich, Gries, & Bungartz, 2004).

Isabelle Tavares, outstanding mycologist and lichenologist at the University of California, Berkeley, is also especially commended for her contributions. Isabelle served as reviewer for the catalog after it was submitted to “Constancea”. She has been a meticulous and severe critic, but the catalog would have far more errors had it not been for her sharp eyes reviewing every word. She spent most of a year on the review, sacrificing time she would prefer to have spent on her own research. Her dedication and high standards for the journal “Constancea” are a model to be admired. The authors have benefited from the cooperation of many individuals in preparation of this catalog.

The author also is grateful to Richard L. Moe, editor of “Constancea”, who has spent countless hours on the catalog. With his computer expertise, he has made it easy to use and vastly reduced the number of errors. His endless patience and tolerance have made the transition to electronic publication relatively painless, and a much appreciated learning experience for this author.

Specialists who have provided identifications and other expertise include T. Ahti, A. Aptroot, D. Baltzo, O. Breuss, I. Brodo, W. Buck, F. Bungartz, T. Carlberg, M. Cole, P. Diederich, J. Doell, S. Ekman, T. Esslinger, S. Hammer, R. C. Harris, D. Hawksworth, P. M. Jørgensen, K. Knudsen, J. Lendemer, L. Lindblom, B. McCune, R. Moberg, T. Nash, E. Peterson, C. Printzen, R. Riefner, J. & R. Robertson, R. Rosentreter, W. Sanders, J. Sheard, L. St. Clair, I. Tavares, J. W. Thomson, L. Tibell, E. Timdal, T. Tønsberg, D. Toren, D. Triebel, A. Vĕzda, W. Weber, C. Wetmore, and D. Wright. We thank the following for assistance in arranging loans: M. Bourell (CAS); P. Bowler (UCI); O. Breuss; D. Desjardin (SFSU); P. Diederich; D. Ferguson (LSU); L. Janeway (CSU Chico); P. M. Jørgensen; D. Keil (OBI); L. Lindblom; T. Lumbsch and R. Lücking (FM); B. McCune; R. Muller (SBBG), T. Nash and S. Standley (ASU); C. Printzen; M. Schultz; J. Sheard; S. Sillett; and M. Vincent (MU).

Abbreviations and symbols: “TJ” = previously reported by references in the California lichen catalog by Tucker & Jordan (1979); * = lichenicolous fungi; † = saprophytes related to lichens or to lichenicolous fungi; # = various related fungi of uncertain status. Use of the latter three symbols follows usage in Esslinger & Egan (1995). Abbreviations for herbaria follow usage in Holmgren et al. (1990). Other abbreviations include: CA, California; Cpgd, Campground; Co., County; Cyn, Canyon; Hwy, Highway; Isl., Isls, Island(s); mi., miles; Mtn, Mts, mountain(s); Nat., National; N. P., National Park; nr, near; pr. p., pro parte; Rd, Road; S. P., State Park; Univ., University; also months and directions of the compass are abbreviated.

NOTE ON THE ELECTRONIC VERSION.
Accepted names and synonyms are mutually linked. References pertinent to an entry may be retrieved by clicking on the folder icon ( ref ). Most names are linked to an entry in Index Fungorum ().

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

*Abrothallus caerulescens Kotte: (Diederich 2003, 2004)
*Abrothallus microspermus Tul.: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 37640, LaVeaga Park, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., on Flavoparmelia caperata, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold: (TJ)
Synonyms: Buellia parmeliarum (Hasse 1915b), Buelliella parmeliarum (Fink 1935), Lecidea parmeliarum (Hasse 1898a)
*Abrothallus prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner: (Triebel et al. 1991; Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 34655, 35088, pr. p., Los Osos, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG, determinations by Diederich)
*Abrothallus suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 34509, pr. p., Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., on Ramalina menziesii, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus usneae Rabenh.: (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 37794, Sugar Loaf Ridge S. P., Sonoma Co., on Usnea arizonica, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
*Abrothallus welwitschii Mont. ex Tul.: (McGee 2003, determined by Diederich; Diederich 2004)

Acarospora americana de Lesd.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Knudsen 2004b)
Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.: (Knudsen 2004b; B. Ryan 13672, Eastern Brook Lakes Watershed, Sierra Nevada, 15 km S of Tom's Place, Inyo Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. californica (synonymy fide K. Knudsen [personal communication])
Acarospora bella (Nyl.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Magnusson 1929b; Volk 1963; TJ; Clauzade et al. 1981; Knudsen 2004b)
Acarospora bullata Anzi: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995)
Acarospora cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.: (Knudsen 2005c)
Acarospora citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.: (Herre 1945; TJ)
Acarospora complanata H. Magn.: (B. Ryan 25044, Gold Flat, 9.7 km SW of Scott Bar, Klamath National Forest, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. obscura (synonymy fide Clauzade et al. [1981] and Esslinger [2004b], although Magnusson [1956] considered A. obscura distinct)
Acarospora elevata H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1953; TJ)
Misapplied names (fide K. Knudsen): A. nitida [Hasse collections from San Gabriel Mts in herbaria]
Acarospora epilutescens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Weber 1968)
Synonyms: Acarospora albida H. Magn., non Lecanora epilutescens (Hasse 1903e)
Note: Knudsen (2005a) explained that this yellow Acarospora, known only from Palm Springs and a location in Texas, was confused by Hasse with a pruinose A. strigata in collections identified by Zahlbruckner. Magnusson's descriptions of A. epilutescens (as having pruinose brown thalli, based on Hasse specimens) were accepted by Weber, who continued the confusion.
Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Magnusson 1929b; Herre 1950a; Sigal 1975; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Hill 1997; Thomson 1997; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 146, with color photograph]; Knudsen 2004b)
Synonyms: Lecanora fuscata
Acarospora glaucocarpa (Wahlenb.) Körb.: (Herre 1950a; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 147, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; K. Knudsen has seen material of this species from the San Bernardino Mts [personal communication])
Synonyms: A. cervina var. glaucocarpa (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b), Lecanora glaucocarpa var. depauperata Cromb., and L. glaucocarpa f. pruinifera (Hasse 1903e, 1906)
Acarospora heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körb.: (Magnusson 1929a; TJ; Doell et al. 1999 [as “cf.”])
Synonyms: A. aeruginosa
Acarospora impressula Th. Fr.: (E. Weier collections, central Sierra Nevada, UC)
Acarospora molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevis.: (E. Weier collections, Sierra Nevada, UC)
Acarospora obpallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2003c, 2004b, 2005c; B. Ryan 31465a, Cherry Cyn, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. carnegiei, Lecanora obpallens (Hasse 1897; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Nylander 1900; Hasse 1903a)
Misapplied names (fide K. Knudsen): A. geogena (Bratt 1987, 1997)
Acarospora oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold: (Magnusson 1929b, 1953, 1956; TJ)
Synonyms: A. glebosa (Tuckerman 1872; Hasse 1909, 1913b; Fink 1935), Lecanora fuscata var. oligocarpa (Tuckerman 1882; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903, 1907), L. oligospora (Tuckerman 1872)
Acarospora peliscypha Th. Fr.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora peliscypha (Tuckerman 1866; Willey 1873a; Hasse 1906)
Acarospora radicata H. Magn.: (Wetmore 1985)
Acarospora reagens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902 [Isotype is H. E. Hasse 201, Palm Springs, Riverside Co.], 1903–1907, p. 153; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2003c and color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 10[2]; T. Nash 8456, 3 km SW of Parker Dam on Colorado River, San Bernardino Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. nodulosa var. reagens, Lecanora reagens (Hasse 1903e)
Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Sigal 1975; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Bowler et al. 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Thomson 1997; Robertson et al. 1998; Robertson 2001; Knudsen 2003c; Riefner et al. 2003; Knudsen 2004b and photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 11[1])
Synonyms: Lecanora schleicheri (TJ); A. rhabarbarina
Note: Several synonyms suggested by Weber (1968) are no longer accepted for A. schleicheri sensu stricto.
Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.: (TJ; Bowler et al. 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Knudsen 2005c)
Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A. L. Sm.) H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a; Robertson 2003b; Knudsen 2004a, 2004b, 2005c)
Synonyms: A. hassei [synonymy fide TJ], A. particularis H. Magn. (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2004a)
Acarospora socialis H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a; Wheeler 1938; Weber 1968; TJ; Knudsen 2005c; C. Bratt 3711, Santa Barbara Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 35708, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. evoluta, A. intercedens, A. subalbida
Acarospora stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora stenospora Stizenb. non Zahlbr. (Hasse 1897, 1898a; TJ; Knudsen 2003c and color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 10[2])
Acarospora strigata (Nyl.) Jatta: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 148, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b)
Synonyms: A. epilutescens sensu H. Magn. and sensu Hasse non Zahlbr., A. peltasticta, A. strigata var. peltata, Lecanora peltasticta (Hasse 1903e)
Acarospora terricola H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b, 1956; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; K. Knudsen 1108, fertile specimens, Torrey Pines S. P., San Diego Co., ASU, NY, determined by K. Knudsen, compared with holotype; CA endemic)
Acarospora thamnina (Tuck.) Herre: (Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Robertson 2003b; B. Ryan 26145, Chilao Cpgd, San Gabriel Mts, Angeles Nat. Forest, Los Angeles Co., ASU)
Synonyms: A. interposita var. nitidella, A. thermophila, Lecanora cervina var. thamnina (Tuckerman 1872) (synonymy fide Magnusson)
Acarospora thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Knudsen 2003a, 2003c, and color photographs on front and back covers of CALS Bulletin 10[1,2]; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003b; Riefner & Rosentreter 2004; CA endemic)
Synonyms: A. pleiospora, A. pleistospora, Lecanora thelococcoides
Acarospora veronensis A. Massal.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Knudsen 2004b, 2005c)
Acarospora washingtonensis H. Magn.: (K. Knudsen 1239, Holcombe Valley, San Bernardino Mts, San Bernardino Co., ASU)
Acarospora xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta: (Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora xanthophana (TJ for references)
Note: This is a punctiform species in yellow group, with a type from Chile; CA material of Hasse and others belong to the A. bella / A. socialis group fide K. Knudsen.
Acarospora aeruginosa Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1944c; TJ)
=A. heppii
Acarospora albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb.: (Salisbury 1966; TJ)
=Thelocarpon albomarginatum Herre (Herre 1912b; Fink 1935)
Note: Acarospora albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of a Tunisian species, Acarospora albomarginata de Lesd. fide I. Tavares.
Acarospora arenosa Herre: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ; Knudsen 2004b; Knudsen 2005c; A. Sanders, comm. K. Knudsen 1365, Boden Cyn, San Diego Co., UCR, ASU, determination by K. Knudsen)
=Sarcogyne arenosa
Acarospora californica Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1914; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; Doell et al. 1999)
=A. badiofusca
Acarospora carnegiei Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929b, 1956; TJ; Bratt 1999)
=A. obpallens (synonymy fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora cervina A. Massal.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Lecanora cervina, but misidentifications for CA
Acarospora cervina var. glaucocarpa (Wahlenb.) Körb.: =A. glaucocarpa (TJ)
Acarospora chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1908b, 1913b; Herre 1910; TJ; von Reis 1991; Knudsen 2004b)
=Pleopsidium chlorophanum, but most North American records (see TJ) are other species of Acarospora fide B. Ryan
Acarospora epilutescens sensu H. Magn. and sensu Hasse non Zahlbr.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Weber 1968; this is probably an undescribed species fide B. Ryan, because Magnusson's descriptions of A. epilutescens [as having pruinose brown thalli, based on H. E. Hasse specimens] differ from the protologue describing a yellow species in Zahlbruckner [1902])
=A. strigata (synonymy fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora evoluta H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1929b, 1956; Weber 1968; color photograph on back cover of CALS Bulletin 11[1])
=A. socialis
Acarospora flava (Bellardi) Ach.: (Fink 1935; Herre 1942a, 1945, 1950a; TJ)
=Pleopsidium flavum; misidentifications? fide B. Ryan
Acarospora geogena H. Magn.: (Bratt 1987, 1997, based on C. Bratt 8656, Point Loma, San Diego Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. geophila H. Magn. (1954), non H. Magn. (1944)
Note: The Bratt specimen is K-, unlike A. geogena. It has been re-identified by K. Knudsen as A. obpallens.
Acarospora glaucocarpa f. arenacea H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b)
=Sarcogyne arenosa
Acarospora glebosa (Flot.) Körb.: (Tuckerman 1872; Hasse 1909, 1913b; Fink 1935)
=A. oligospora
Acarospora hassei Herre: (Herre 1910; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; TJ; Thomson 1997; Knudsen 2004b)
=A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Magnusson 1929b; Clauzade & Roux [1985] regard these as distinct taxa)
Acarospora intercedens H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1956; Weber [1968], who merged it with A. schleicheri s. l.)
=A. socialis, a reduced specimen fide K. Knudsen [personal communication]
Acarospora interposita H. Magn. var. nitidella H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ)
=A. thamnina (synonymy fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora nitida H. Magn.: (Ryan & Nash 1991; this name was incorrectly applied by Hasse to collections of A. elevata from San Gabriel Mts fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens (Zahlbr.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux: (Clauzade et al. [1981] named the variety but did not mention CA; St. Clair & Warrick [1987] stated that this variety had been collected from a single site near Palm Springs)
=A. reagens fide K. Knudsen
Acarospora obscura H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1956; TJ)
=A. complanata in Esslinger 2004b, although Magnusson regarded them as distinct species
Acarospora oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Magnusson 1929b; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991)
=Pleopsidium flavum
Acarospora particularis H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Knudsen 2004a; TJ)
=A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Knudsen 2004a)
Acarospora peltasticta Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902, 1903–1907; Herre 1911a; Magnusson 1929b; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1956; TJ; von Reis 1991; Doell et al. 1999)
=A. strigata (synonymy fide K. Knudsen)
Acarospora pleiospora (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Lendemer 2004a)
=A. thelococcoides
Acarospora pleistospora (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Lendemer 2004a)
=A. thelococcoides
Acarospora rhabarbarina Hue: (Fink 1935)
=A. schleicheri
Acarospora rufescens (Ach.) Bausch: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942a, 1950a; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; Knudsen 2004b; name was applied incorrectly to collections of several other species fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Synonyms: Lecanora rufescens
Acarospora simplex (Davies) Jatta f. complicata Cromb.: (Hasse 1903e, 1906)
=Biatorella simplex
Acarospora squamulosa (Schrad.) Trevis.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; name was misapplied to collections of several other species fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Synonyms: Lecanora cervina var. squamulosa (Tuckerman 1872), L. squamulosa (Hasse 1898a)
Acarospora strigata var. peltata (Hasse) H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929b)
=A. strigata
Acarospora subalbida H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1929a, 1956; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ)
=A. socialis (an ecological modification with white pruina fide K. Knudsen, personal communication)
Acarospora thermophila Herre: (Magnusson 1929b; Herre 1945; TJ)
=A. thamnina (synonymy fide Magnusson)

Acolium bolanderi Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Thelomma mammosum
Acolium californicum Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Thelomma californicum
Acolium chloroconium Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888)
=Cyphelium chloroconium
Acolium sancti-jacobi Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1883a; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Texosporium sancti-jacobi
Acolium tigillare (Ach.) De Not.: (Bolander 1870; Hasse 1906)
=Cyphelium tigillare
Acolium tympanellum (Ach.) De Not.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a)
=Cyphelium inquinans

Acrocordia conoidea (Fr.) Körb.: (Aptroot 2002; S. Tucker 33725, on shale, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris: Misapplied names: Arthopyrenia sphaeroides (Tucker & Jordan 1979 fide Aptroot 2002)

Actinogyra polyrhiza (L.) Schol.: (Llano 1950; Baltzo 1970; TJ)
=Umbilicaria polyrhiza

Adelolecia sonorae Hertel: (Hertel [2004] cited T. Nash 41422 from San Miguel Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)

Ahtiana pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & A. Thell: (Thell et al. 1995; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 149, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Cetraria pallidula (Tucker 1973; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004), Tuckermannopsis pallidula
Ahtiana sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward: (Goward et al. 1994; Thell et al. 1995; Tucker & Bratt 1995; McCune & Geiser 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 150, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: Parmelia sphaerosporella (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903c; Fink 1935; Herre 1945, 1946; Tucker 1973)

Alectoria imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; McCune & Geiser 1997; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 152, with color photograph]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Note: “A. montana” is an herbarium name occasionally used for A. imshaugii fide I. Brodo (personal communication).
Alectoria lata (Taylor) Linds.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 152, with color photograph]; Carlberg 2003)
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.: (Howe 1911; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Ahti & Henssen 1965; Lindsay 1973; Tucker 1973; Malachowski 1975; Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa: (Wright 1997; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. 2001; Ryan [2002], who suggested that it is probably extinct in S CA; Robertson 2002a; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Alectoria vancouverensis (Gyeln.) Gyeln. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 154]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Alectoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl.: (Hale [1969] map)
=Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Note: Hale's indication that this species is in CA is incorrect; it occurs on the West Coast from Vancouver Island N to Alaska fide Brodo & Hawksworth 1977.
Alectoria californica (Tuck.) G. Merr.: (Merrill 1910)
=Kaernefeltia californica
Alectoria canariensis (Ach.) Mont.: (Eckfeldt 1893; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Usnea canariensis DC. (misidentifications for CA)
Alectoria chalybeiformis (L.) Gray: (Howe 1914–1915; Herre 1945)
=Bryoria chalybeiformis (misidentifications; an arctic/alpine species; no known collections from CA)
Alectoria fremontii Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1858; Nylander 1858, 1858–1860; Tuckerman 1866; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Hue 1890; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1905; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1909; Herre 1910; Howe 1911; Du Rietz 1926; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Motyka 1964; Lindsay 1973)
=Bryoria fremontii
Alectoria implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl.: =Bryoria implexa (Motyka 1964; Jordan 1968; but Baltzo [2002] suggested that Jordan's material might rather have been Bryoria capillaris, based on the reported C- chemical reaction and the absence of B. implexa from further south than Idaho in western U. S.; no correctly identified specimens of this species from CA are known to us)
Alectoria jubata (L.) Ach.: (TJ; misidentifications; name has been applied to numerous species fide Brodo & Hawksworth [1977, p. 150])
Alectoria minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Degel.: (Imshaug 1957; Sigal & Toren 1974)
=Pseudephebe minuscula
Alectoria montana Brodo & D. Hawksw. ined.: (Malachowski 1975; Robertson 2002a; herbarium name for A. imshaugii fide I. Brodo [personal communication])
Alectoria nidulifera Norrl.: (Ahti & Henssen 1965; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975)
=Bryoria furcellata
Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; misidentifications for CA)
Alectoria oregana Tuck.: (Hasse 1905, 1908b; Howe 1911; Herre 1912a; Hasse 1913b; Gyelnik 1931; Fink 1935; Herre 1942a, 1945, 1950a; Motyka 1964; Ahti & Henssen 1965; Baltzo 1970)
=Nodobryoria oregana
Alectoria pseudofuscescens Gyeln.: (Lindsay 1973)
=Bryoria pseudofuscescens
Alectoria tortuosa G. Merr.: (Lindsay 1973; Tucker 1973; Brodo & Hawksworth 1977)
=Bryoria tortuosa

Allarthonia patellulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b)
=Arthonia patellulata
Allarthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa (Zahlbr.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b)
=Arthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa

Amandinea subduplicata (Vain.) Marbach: (Marbach 2000)
Amandinea submontana Marbach: (Marbach 2000)
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.: (Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Thomson 1997; Doell et al. 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 158, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Riefner et al. 2003)
=Buellia punctata
Amandinea turgescens (Tuck.) Marbach: (Bratt 1999; Marbach [2000] reported it only from eastern North America)
=Buellia badia (synonymy in Bungartz & Nash 2004)

Anaptychia elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt: (J. R. Shevock 13362 [as Physconia thomsonii] Kern Co.; J. R. Shevock 13024, Tulare Co., determined by B. Ryan; synonymy but no CA report in Esslinger [2002, p. 96]; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, p. 566, mislabeled as Physconia thomsonii])
Anaptychia setifera Räsänen: (Robertson & Robertson [2002], based on J. & R. Robertson 5702, rocky headlands along Hwy 1, Mt. Tamalpais S. P., Marin Co., !T. Esslinger)
Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb.: (Herre 1910; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; misidentifications for North America)
Anaptychia comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910)
=Heterodermia comosa (but Herre collections should be verified; occurring in Mexico outside the Sonoran area fide Moberg & Nash [2002])
Anaptychia erinacea (Ach.) Trevis.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Herre 1945; Kurokawa 1973; TJ)
=Heterodermia erinacea
Anaptychia leucomela (L.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Malachowski 1975)
=Heterodermia leucomela
Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) A. Massal.: (Merrill 1923; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Kurokawa 1962; Jordan 1968)
=Heterodermia leucomela

Anema dodgei Herre: (Herre 1944a; TJ)
Note: The type is F. Drouet & J. P. MacBride 4621, on desert soil, 1 mi. SW of Essex, San Bernardino Co., alt. 1,000 ft. According to C. Wetmore (personal communication), presumed isotypes of Anema dodgei are referable to Heppia.

Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; von Reis 1991; Aptroot 2002; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Arthopyrenia biformis (Herre 1910; Hasse 1912, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Jordan 1968), A. parvula (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Riddle 1918; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b), Leiophloea parvula
Misapplied names: Arthopyrenia conformis (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
Anisomeridium subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris: (Aptroot 2002; S. Tucker 34375, pr. p., Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
Anisomeridium finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris: (von Reis 1991)
= misidentification for CA fide Tucker (1999)

Anthracothecium pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg.: (TJ)
=Pyrenula pyrenuloides
Anthracothecium thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=Pyrenula thelomorpha

Arthonia caesia (Flot.) Körb.: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 164, with color photograph and map which showed it around Los Angeles]; Tucker 2002)
Arthonia caudata Willey: (Hasse 1898a; TJ)
Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.: (TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 164, with color photograph])
Synonyms: A. gregaria (Willey 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1906; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c), A. tumidula
*Arthonia clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.: (Diederich [2003] as “s. str.”)
Arthonia complanata Fée: (Herre 1944b; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Arthonia crozalsiana de Lesd.: (Sundin & Tehler 1998)
Arthonia cytisi A. Massal.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: A. dispersa var. cytisi (Hasse 1896, 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
Arthonia diffusa Nyl.: (Willey [1890, p. 36]; Hasse 1898a, 1913a; TJ; H. E. Hasse 852, on Malvastrum thurberi, Santa Monica Range, Los Angeles Co., 1900, MIN)
Note: The Hasse collection does not resemble collections of this species from Maine.
Arthonia diffusella Fink: (Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; TJ; Bourell 2000 [as “cf.”])
Arthonia epipastoides Nyl.: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1906, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia excedens Nyl.: (Jordan 1968; TJ; Baltzo 2002)
*Arthonia farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant.: (Diederich 2003; S. Tucker 36515, 36516, San Simeon S. P., San Luis Obispo Co., on soralia of Ramalina, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)
Arthonia galactitella Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia galactites (DC.) Dufour var. depuncta Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; TJ)
Arthonia glebosa Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Willey 1890; Zahlbruckner 1903–1907, p. 90; Orcutt 1903 [as “A. globosa”], 1907; Fink 1935; TJ; Egea & Torrente [1995b] suggest that this taxon does not belong in Arthonia)
Arthonia gyalectoides Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Bourell 2000; H. E. Hasse [!S. Tucker] on Heteromeles arbutifolia, Catalina Isl., 1902, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2470, MIN; T. Tønsberg TT14742, Del Norte Co., BG, determination by R. Sundin; CA endemic)
Arthonia ilicina Taylor: (S. Tucker 35259, Caspar Point, S of Fort Bragg; S. Tucker 35278, Pygmy Forest off Mitchell Creek Drive, 1.6 mi. S of Simpson Lane, near Fort Bragg, Mendocino Co., SBBG, !B. Ryan)
Arthonia infectans Egea & Torrente: (Egea & Torrente 1995b; CA endemic)
*Arthonia intexta Almq.: (Hertel [1969, cited “California”, 1897, Hasse, herb. Nyl. 19986], 1971b; TJ; Triebel et al. 1991; Thomson 1997)
Synonyms: Lecidea arthoniza
Arthonia lecanactidea Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, on Lycium californicum, beach bluffs near San Pedro, 1897, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 1316, MIN [!S. Tucker]; CA endemic)
Arthonia madreana Egea & Torrente: (Egea & Torrente 1995b; CA endemic)
Arthonia microspermella Willey: (Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
*Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant.: (Cole & Hawksworth [2001, p. 312], based in part on C. Bratt 7864, on Caloplaca luteominia, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG, determined by M. Cole)
Arthonia ochrolutea Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; TJ; S. Tucker 37842, 25 mi. S of Half Moon Bay, San Mateo Co., SBBG)
Arthonia patellulata Nyl.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ; Thomson 1997)
Arthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa Zahlbr.: (CA endemic)
Synonyms: Allarthonia patellulata var. caesiocarpa (H. E. Hasse on Chrysoma pinifolia [= Ericameria pinifolia], near Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., 1900, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2071, MIN, !S. Tucker)
Arthonia polygramma Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; Herre 1912a [on oak, Alum Rock S. P., Inner Coast Range, Santa Clara Co., 450 ft. elev.]; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., 1912, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 1, MIN)
Arthonia polymorpha Ach.: (Hasse 1906; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm.: Synonyms: A. impolita (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a, 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1942b; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Doell 2002)
Synonyms: A. pruinosa
Arthonia pruinosella Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1898b, 1913b; Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia punctiformis Ach.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Monica Mts, July 1910, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 2, MU)
Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; TJ)
Arthonia quintaria Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; TJ)
Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach.: (Hasse 1895, 1896; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Herre 1910; Volk 1963; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 165], with color photograph)
Synonyms: A. astroidea, A. astroidea var. swartziana
Arthonia rhoidis Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903b, 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia spadicea Leight.: (H. E. Hasse 700, on Tilia americana, Soldiers' Home, Los Angeles Co., 1899, MIN; S. Tucker 33684, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: A. lurida (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia stictella Stizenb.: (Hasse 1896, 1903b, 1913b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia subdiffusa Willey: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Arthonia subdispuncta Nyl.: (Hasse 1897, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Arthonia tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Bourell 2000)
Synonyms: A. dispersa var. tetramera
Arthonia adveniens Nyl.: (Hasse 1906)
=Arthothelium adveniens
Arthonia anastomosans (Ach.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Arthothelium anastomosans
Arthonia astroidea Ach.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b)
=A. radiata
Arthonia astroidea Ach. var. swartziana Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a, 1903b)
=A. radiata
Arthonia chiodectella Nyl.: (TJ; but based on an error; no primary CA citation)
Arthonia dispersa var. cytisi A. Massal.: (Hasse 1896, 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=A. cytisi
Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. var. tetramera Stizenb.: (Hasse 1896, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=A. tetramera
Arthonia epigina Tuck.: (Orcutt 1885, 1903, 1907; TJ)
Note: This name is not in Zahlbruckner (1934) or Esslinger (2004b). The taxon to which it refers is uncertain.
Arthonia gregaria (Weigel) Körb. non Fée: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1903f, 1906; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c)
=A. cinnabarina
Arthonia impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a, 1890; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; TJ; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 192, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co.; 477, Marin Co.)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia impolita var. chiodectonoides Tuck.: (Willey 1890; Hasse 1898a, 1906, 1913b)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia impolita var. subfusca Nyl.: (Hasse 1903f)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia interveniens Nyl.: (Hasse 1906)
=Arthothelium interveniens
Arthonia lurida Ach. nom. rej.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Fink 1935; TJ)
=A. spadicea
Arthonia orbillifera Almq.: (Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903 [as “A. orbolifera”], 1907)
=Arthothelium orbilliferum
Arthonia premnea (Ach.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1896; Orcutt 1903, 1907; may be misidentifications of Cresponea chloroconia)
Arthonia pruinosa (Nyl.) Ach.: (Hue 1891; McClatchie 1897)
=A. pruinata
Arthonia pyrenuloides Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Pyrenula pyrenuloides
Arthonia sanguinea Willey: (Nylander 1885; Willey 1885, 1890; Hue 1891; Hasse 1903f; Orcutt 1903)
=Arthothelium sanguineum
Arthonia spectabilis Flot.: (Hasse 1898a)
=Arthothelium spectabile
Arthonia taediosa Nyl.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Arthothelium taediosum
Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach.: (H. Thiers 23222, San Francisco Watershed, San Mateo Co.; H. Thiers 32400, Santa Cruz Peninsula, Santa Cruz Co.; H. Thiers 1208, Bolinas Lagoon, Marin Co., SFSU)
=A. cinnabarina (synonymy fide Esslinger 2004b)

Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ; Aptroot [2002] reported only collections from CA Channel islands; most early reports for North America were misidentifications of A. punctiformis fide R. C. Harris [personal communication])
Synonyms: A. fallax, Verrucaria epidermidis var. analepta, V. fallax
Arthopyrenia lyrata R. C. Harris: (Aptroot 2002; Tucker 1997, 1999; S. Tucker 34374, Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34625, Cerro Alto Cpgd, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 35974, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., SBBG)
Arthopyrenia plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; Aptroot 2002)
Synonyms: A. cinereopruinosa (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; R. Harris 1975; TJ; misapplied), A. herrei (R. Harris 1975; TJ), Porina plumbaria (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935), Pyrenula herrei (Fink 1935; Herre 1942b), Verrucaria carpinea var. plumbaria (Hasse 1898a), V. plumbaria (Hasse 1895, 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
Misapplied names: V. cinerea (Hasse 1906)
Arthopyrenia punctiformis (Schrank) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Aptroot 2002)
Synonyms: A. epidermidis, A. padi (R. Harris 1975; TJ), Pyrenula punctiformis, Verrucaria epidermidis, V. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
= misidentifications for CA
Arthopyrenia antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold: (S. Tucker 34375, pr. p., Montecito, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34498, 34574, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)
=Mycoporum antecellens (synonymy fide Harris 1995)
Arthopyrenia biformis (Borrer) A. Massal.: (references in TJ)
=Anisomeridium biforme (R. Harris 1975; TJ) Some of the early reports may be based on misidentifications, probably of Acrocordia cavata
Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1912b; Fink 1935; Noble et al. 1987; R. Riefner 93–20, [determination by J. W. Thomson] San Luis Obispo Co.: Montaña de Oro S. P., 3 Feb 1993; R. Harris [1975] said A. cerasi should be deleted from the North American flora)
Synonyms: Pyrenula cerasi (McClatchie 1897), Verrucaria cerasi (Hasse 1895, 1906; Orcutt 1907)
Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; R. Harris 1975; TJ)
= misidentifications, probably of A. plumbaria for early CA reports
Arthopyrenia conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
= misidentifications of Anisomeridium biforme for North America
Arthopyrenia epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal.: (TJ)
=A. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia fallax (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1914, 1915b; Merrill 1923)
=A. analepta
Arthopyrenia halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold: (Herre 1907; Fink 1935)
=Collemopsidium halodytes
Arthopyrenia herrei R. C. Harris ined.: (R. Harris 1975; TJ; von Reis 1991)
Arthopyrenia litoralis (Leight.) Arnold: (Herre 1942c; TJ)
= misidentifications, possibly of Collemopsidium sublitorale
Arthopyrenia padi Rabenh.: (R. Harris 1975; TJ)
=A. punctiformis
Arthopyrenia parvula Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Riddle 1918; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b)
=Anisomeridium biforme
Arthopyrenia sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr.: (references in TJ)
=Acrocordia gemmata, but misidentifications for CA
Arthopyrenia sublitoralis (Leight.) Arnold: (Thomson 1997)
=Collemopsidium sublitorale

Arthothelium abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: Opegrapha abnormis (Herre 1912a)
Arthothelium adveniens Nyl.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia adveniens (Hasse 1906)
Arthothelium anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold: (Herre 1912b; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; S. Tucker 37890, Univ. of California campus, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Arthonia anastomosans (Ach.) Nyl. (Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1907)
Arthothelium interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia interveniens (Hasse 1906)
Arthothelium orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bourell 2000; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Arthonia orbillifera (Hasse 1903b)
Arthothelium pruinascens Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1900; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Santa Monica Range, Apr, 1903, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 51, MU; S. Tucker 35661B, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; CA endemic)
Arthothelium sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b, 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b; TJ; S. Tucker 33739, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Arthonia sanguinea (Nylander 1885; Willey 1885, 1890; Hue 1891; Hasse 1903f)
Arthothelium spectabile (Flot.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; TJ)
Synonyms: Arthonia spectabilis
Arthothelium subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse: (Hasse 1915b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; S. Tucker 34194B, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; CA endemic)
Arthothelium taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Fink 1935; TJ; H. E. Hasse, Highland Park, near Pasadena, Apr, 1906, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 3, MU)
Synonyms: Arthonia taediosa (Hasse 1903f)

Arthrosporum populorum A. Massal.: Synonyms: Bacidia acclinis (Herre [1944b based on C. L. Brown, Marin Co., but this specimen = Cresponea chloroconia fide S. Tucker]), B. populorum, Bilimbia acclinis

Aspicilia aquatica Körb.

ASPICILIA (Ryan & Nash [1991, B. Ryan 12615a, Eastern Brook Lakes, Inyo Co., ASU])

Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold

(Hale & Cole 1988; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Hill 1997; Thomson 1997; McGee 1998 [as A. cf. caesiocinerea]; Bratt 1999; Baltzo 2002 [as A. cf. caesiocinerea]; Robertson 2003b)

Aspicilia californica Rosentr.

(Rosentreter 1998; Sanders 1999b; Riefner & Rosentreter 2004)
Synonyms: A. tuckerae Ryan ined. on some herbarium specimens; Aspicilia sp. (Weber 1967a; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 178, S of Ione, Amador Co.; CA endemic)

Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb.

(Weber 1967c; Sigal 1975; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 168, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora cinerea (TJ)

Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp.

(Bowler et al. 1996; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 169, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora contorta (Herre 1942a, 1942c, 1950a; TJ; Robertson 2003b)

Aspicilia desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk.

(C. Bratt 1689, Aliso Cyn, behind Los Prietos Ranger Station, Santa Ynez Mts, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; C. Bratt 5083, Ventura Co., SBBG)

Aspicilia epiglypta Hue

(Weber [1989a], Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 689, San Joaquin Experimental Range, Madera Co., ASU, as “cf.”)

Aspicilia filiformis Rosentr.

(S. Tucker 34130, Big Rocks, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG; determination by B. Ryan)

Aspicilia gibbosa (Ach.) Körb.

(Baltzo 1989; von Reis 1991; Wright 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora cinerea var. gibbosa, L. gibbosa (Hasse 1898a, 1908a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; TJ), L. gibbosula (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958 as “cf. A. gibbosula”; Baltzo 1970, as “synonymous with L. gibbosa Ach. sensu Herre”; TJ; Baltzo 1989), L. lusca f. lignicola

Aspicilia glaucopsina (Nyl. ex Hasse) Hue

(K. Knudsen 906, western side of San Jacinto Mts, Riverside Co., ASU; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Lecanora glaucopsina (Hasse 1898a, 1913b; Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935; TJ; synonymy fide K. Knudsen)

Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold

(Wetmore 1985; Baltzo 1989; Wright 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora laevata (Hasse 1898a, 1903a, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Herre 1942c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Baltzo 1970)

Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr.

(Ryan & Nash [1991] cited Inyo Co. collections; B. Ryan 23555, Desolation Wilderness, El Dorado Co., ASU; B. Ryan 26602, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU; B. Ryan 24188, Emigrant Wilderness, Tuolumne Co., ASU)

Aspicilia simoënsis Räsänen

(Ryan & Nash 1991; B. Ryan 26602b, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU; B. Ryan 25382b, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)

Aspicilia supertegens Arnold

(Thomson 1997)
Synonyms: Lecanora supertegens (Sigal & Toren 1976)

Aspicilia verrucigera Hue

(B. Ryan 25388, trail through Big Meadows, edge of Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)

Aspicilia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert

=Lobothallia alphoplaca

Aspicilia americana de Lesd.

(Weber et al. 1987 [as “cf.”, Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 178 a, b, S of Ione, Amador Co., identified as Aspicilia californica Rosentreter by Rosentreter 1998, p. 166])

Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd

(Baltzo 1989; Wright 1997; Bratt 1999; Bourell 2000)
= probable misidentifications for CA (fide B. Ryan)
Synonyms: Lecanora calcarea

Aspicilia melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert

=Lobothallia melanaspis

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold: (Ekman [1996] cited records from Marin and Humboldt counties)
Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold: (Herre 1944b; TJ; Ekman [1996] cited collections from Humboldt Co., San Mateo Co., and Mendocino Co.)
Bacidia biatorina (Körb.) Vain.: (Ekman [1996] cited collection from N CA)
Bacidia circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vain.) Malme: (Ekman 1996, 2004; coastal S CA)
Bacidia coruscans S. Ekman: (Ekman 2004; S. Tucker 33747, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 33774, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Misapplied names: Bacidia endoleuca (Hasse 1913a, 1913b)
Bacidia heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.: (Ekman 1996; Baltzo 2002; Ekman 2004; S. Tucker 37767, 37768, pr. p., Sugar Loaf S. P., Sonoma Co., SBBG)
Bacidia jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Ekman [1996] said that the lectotype, a Palmer collection from San Diego, is probably not a Bacidia; Ekman 2004; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Biatora jacobi
Bacidia reagens Malme: (Ekman 1996, 2004; rare, Santa Ynez Mts, Santa Barbara Co.)
Bacidia veneta S. Ekman: (Ekman 2004; known from low elevation cyns, Santa Monica Mts in S CA; CA endemic)
Bacidia vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr.: (Ekman [1996, collection from Tulare Co.])
Bacidia acclinis (Flot.) Zahlbr.: (Herre [1944b, based on C. L. Brown, Marin Co.])
= misidentification of Cresponea chloroconia fide S. Tucker
Bacidia akompsa (Tuck.) Herre: (Herre 1910; TJ)
=Lecanactis sp. (Ekman 1996)
Bacidia albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh: (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Weber 1967a; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 182, Big Sur, Monterey Co.; TJ)
=Bacidina phacodes, a European species, but misidentification of Bacidina californica for CA reports
Bacidia atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körb.: (references in TJ)
=B. laurocerasi, although misidentifications for CA
Bacidia beckhausii Körb.: (Wetmore [1985, based on C. Wetmore 50703, Sequoia N. P., junction of Crystal Cave Rd and General's Highway, Tulare Co., 11 May 1984, MIN])
Bacidia clementis Hasse: (Hasse 1910a, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Bactrospora patellarioides var. patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
Bacidia dryina (Ach.) Fink: (TJ)
=Bactrospora dryina
Bacidia effusa (Sm.) Trevis.: (Hasse 1908b; Fink 1935; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecidea effusa (Hasse 1908a)
= misidentifications for CA
Bacidia endoleuca (Nyl.) J. Kickx f.: (Hasse 1913a, 1913b; Merrill 1923)
= B. laurocerasi, but Hasse records are misidentifications of Bacidia coruscans fide Ekman (personal communication)
Bacidia fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Bausch: (Hasse, 1913b; Herre 1944b; TJ)
= misidentifications for CA
Bacidia granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: Synonyms: Bilimbia granosa (Fink 1935), Lecidea granosa (Herre 1907)
Note: Ekman (1996, p. 130) denied that the species occurs in CA. The disposition of the collections reported by Herre and Fink is uncertain.
Bacidia gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; TJ; R. Harris 1988)
=Ramonia ablephora
Bacidia herrei Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1908; Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; TJ)
=Ophioparma rubricosa
Bacidia incompta (Borrer ex Hook.) Anzi: (Herre 1944b; TJ)
= misidentifications for North America fide Ekman (1996, p. 130)
Bacidia insularis Zahlbr.: (Ekman 1996)
= misidentifications for CA fide Ekman 2004
Bacidia inundata (Fr.) Körb.: (Herre 1944b; TJ)
=Bacidina inundata, an accepted name, but misapplied to CA specimens
Bacidia ioessa Herre: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ)
Note: None of the original Herre material was found by S. Ekman, who suggested that it is probably not a Bacidia. Herre's collections from the Santa Cruz Peninsula should be located and studied.
Bacidia kingmanii Hasse: (Hasse 1911b, 1913b [Kingman collection was from San Gabriel Mts]; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Lecidea kingmanii
Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr.: Synonyms: B. atrogrisea Delise ex Hepp, Biatora atrogrisea
Misapplied names: B. endoleuca auct. (TJ; Baltzo 2002)
= misidentifications for CA
Bacidia milliaria Fr.: (Hasse 1908b; TJ)
=Micarea lignaria
Bacidia milliaria f. lignaria Ach.: (Hasse 1913b; TJ)
=Micarea lignaria
Bacidia naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr.: (McClatchie 1897; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Volk 1963; TJ)
=Lecania naegelii
Bacidia phacodes Körb.: (Baltzo 2002)
Note: According to Ekman (1996), this taxon does not occur in North America and North American reports usually are some species of Bacidina.
Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not.: (Herre 1944b; TJ)
= misidentifications for CA fide Ekman 1996
Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1913b; TJ)
= misidentifications for CA fide Ekman 1996
Bacidia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Lettau: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 172, with color photograph as '“Bacidia” sabuletorum']; Tucker 2002)
=Bilimbia sabuletorum
Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneid.: (TJ)
= misidentifications for CA fide Ekman 1996
Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch: (Hasse 1903e; TJ)
=Scoliciosporum umbrinum

Bacidina californica S. Ekman: (Ekman 1996; Magney 1999; Baltzo 2002; Ekman 2004; S. Tucker 37768, Sugar Loaf S. P., Sonoma Co., SBBG; CA endemic)
Note: According to Ekman (1996), reports of Bacidia albescens (e.g., Weber 1967a; Ekman [1996, p. 127]) and B. phacodes (Ekman [1996, p. 133]) in CA may refer to Bacidina californica.
Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vĕzda: (Ekman 2004)
Bacidina neosquamulosa (Aptroot & van Herk) S. Ekman: (Ekman [2004], based on a single collection from downtown San Diego; this species is common on bark in urban situations in Europe)
Bacidina ramea S. Ekman: (Ekman 1996, 2004; S. Tucker 37843, Half Moon Bay, San Mateo Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34471, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 34403, 34404, 34405, Lotusland, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 35778, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; S. Tucker 31850, Sierra Co., SBBG)
Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vĕzda: Synonyms: Bacidia inundata (Herre 1944b)
= misidentification for CA fide Ekman 1996

Bactrospora acicularis (C. W. Dodge) Egea & Torrente: (Egea et al. 2004)
Bactrospora brevispora R. C. Harris: (Egea et al. 2004; T. Nash 32436, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co. ASU)
Bactrospora brodoi Egea & Torrente: (Egea et al. 2004; T. Nash 33095, 33097, 33110, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU; determinations by Egea & Torrente)
Bactrospora dryina (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Egea et al. 2004, “not definitely confirmed” for CA; L. Ross 40, El Capitan State Park, 27 mi. W of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Synonyms: Bacidia dryina (Fink 1935; Lindsay 1973), Biatora dryina
Bactrospora patellarioides var. convexa (de Lesd.) Egea & Torrente: (Egea et al. 2004; S. Tucker 35777, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; C. Wetmore 73784, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Bactrospora patellarioides (Nyl.) Almq. var. patellarioides: (Egea et al. 2004)
Synonyms: Bacidia clementis (Hasse 1910a, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Bactrospora spiralis Egea & Torrente: (Weber 1975a; Egea & Torrente 1993a; Egea et al. 2004; based on W. A. Weber, 1975a, Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 456, Cypress Point, Monterey Peninsula, Monterey Co.; S. Tucker 37745, W side of Mendocino Pass, Mendocino Co., SBBG; CA endemic)

Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent.: (Thomson 1967; Sigal & Toren 1974; Tucker & Kowalski 1975; TJ; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 174, with color photograph])
Baeomyces roseus Pers.: =Dibaeis baeomyces (Robertson 2002a)

Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux: (Ryan & Nash 1991; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 175, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora alpina (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Herre 1942a, 1950a; TJ)
Bellemerea cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux: (Ryan & Nash [1991] cited collections in Inyo Co.; B. Ryan 24642, Carson-Iceberg Wilderness, Alpine Co., ASU; B. Ryan 23688, Desolation Wilderness, El Dorado Co., ASU; B. Ryan 25507, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Synonyms: Lecanora cinereorufescens (Herre 1942a, 1950a; TJ)

Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen: (T. Tønsberg TT28922, Mendocino Co., BG)
Biatora globulosa (Flörke) Fr.: Synonyms: Biatora sylvana (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b, 1906), Catillaria globulosa (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ), Lecidea sylvana (Hasse 1896; Orcutt 1907; Hasse 1915b; TJ)
Note: Printzen (2004) cited Biatora globulosa only from AZ, so early collections from CA should be checked.
Biatora rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen: (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
Biatora toensbergii Holien & Printzen: (T. Tønsberg TT28922, pr. p., Mendocino Co., BG)
Biatora akompsa Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Lecanactis sp. (Ekman 1996)
Biatora anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner: (Printzen 1995)
=Hypocenomyce anthracophila
Biatora atrogrisea Delise ex Hepp: (Hasse 1906)
=B. laurocerasi, but misidentifications for CA
Biatora atropurpurea (Schaer.) Hepp: (Tuckerman 1872; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Catinaria atropurpurea
Biatora atrorufa (Dicks.) Fr.: (McClatchie 1897)
=Lecidoma demissum
Biatora botryosa Fr.: (Thomson 1997)
=Hertelidea botryosa
Biatora caulophylla Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1877, 1888)
=Lecidea caulophylla
Biatora coarctata (Turner ex Sm.) Nyl.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872, 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Trapelia coarctata
Biatora conglomerata (Fr.) Hasse: (Hasse [1906], on wood)
=Biatora vernalis var. conglomerata Fr. (but Hasse apparently changed his mind about these collections and did not cite the name in his 1913b paper; the Hasse collections need to be re-examined)
Biatora crenata (Taylor) Tuck.: (McClatchie 1897)
=Psora crenata
Biatora cyrtella (Ach.) Mann: (Orcutt 1903)
=Lecania cyrtella
Biatora decipiens (Hedw.) Fr.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b, 1903e; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Psora decipiens
Biatora dryina (Ach.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Bactrospora dryina
Biatora effusa (Sm.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
= misidentifications for CA
Biatora flexuosa Fr.: (McClatchie 1897)
=Trapeliopsis flexuosa
Biatora franciscana Tuck.: (TJ)
=Catillaria franciscana
Biatora friesii Ach.: (Hasse 1906)
=Hypocenomyce friesii
Biatora fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1903e)
=Bacidia fuscorubella, but misidentifications for CA
Biatora glebulosa Fr.: (TJ)
=Trapeliopsis wallrothii
Biatora globifera Fr.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; Orcutt 1907)
=Psora globifera
Biatora granulosa (Hoffm.) Flot.: (Hasse 1903b)
=Trapeliopsis granulosa
Biatora granulosa var. corallina Tuck.: (Hasse 1903e)
=Trapeliopsis granulosa
Biatora granulosa var. phyllizans Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1903e)
=Trapeliopsis glaucopholis?
Biatora gyalectiformis Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1903e)
=Ramonia ablephora
Biatora holopolia Tuck.: (Hasse 1905)
=Lecidea holopolia
Biatora jacobi Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Bacidia jacobi
Biatora laureri (Hepp ex Th. Fr.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1882)
=Megalaria laureri (Ekman & Tønsberg 1996)
Biatora lurida (Ach.) Fr.: (McClatchie 1897)
=Mycobilimbia lurida
Biatora luridella Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897)
=Psora luridella
Biatora meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold: (An accepted species known from high elevations in Arizona [Printzen 2004], but the old reports from CA are unlikely)
Synonyms: Lecidea meiocarpa (Stizenberger 1895; Hasse 1915a)
Biatora milliaria (Fr.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Micarea lignaria
Biatora mixta Fr.: (Hasse 1896, 1903b; Orcutt 1903)
=Cliostomum griffithii fide Zahlbruckner (1934)
Biatora mixta var. pacifica Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888, p. 30)
=Cliostomum griffithii
Biatora moriformis (Ach.) Hasse: (Hasse 1906)
=Strangospora moriformis
Biatora mutabilis (Fée) Hasse: (Hasse 1903e)
=Lecidea mutabilis Fée
Biatora naegelii Hepp: (references in TJ)
=Lecania naegelii
Biatora nylanderi Anzi: (Hasse 1903e)
=Lecidea nylanderi
Biatora parvifolia (Pers.) Tuck.: (McClatchie 1897)
=Phyllopsora parvifolia, but misidentifications for CA
Biatora phaeophora Stizenb.: (Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1909)
=Lecanora phaeophora
Biatora prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1906)
=Micarea prasina
Biatora punctella Willey: (Hasse 1906)
=Micarea rhabdogena fide Printzen 1995, but probable misidentifications for CA
Biatora quernea (Dicks.) Fr.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897)
=Pyrrhospora quernea
Biatora resinae (Fr.) Tuck.: (McClatchie 1897; Robertson 2002a)
=Sarea resinae
Biatora russellii Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Psora russellii
Biatora schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) Tuck.: (Hasse 1903e)
=Bacidia schweinitzii, but misidentifications for CA
Biatora scotopholis Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b)
=Miriquidica scotopholis (Nash, Kainz et al. 2004)
Biatora subviridis Nyl.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1906)
=Catillaria subviridis
Biatora sylvana Körb.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b, 1906)
=Biatora globulosa fide Printzen (1995, p. 227)
Biatora tornoënsis (Nyl.) Th. Fr.: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Japewia tornoënsis
Biatora turgidula (Fr.) Nyl.: (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907; TJ)
Synonyms: Lecidea turgidula (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Hasse 1898a, 1913b; Lowe 1939; Anderson 1964; TJ)
Note: Early reports for CA are probably based on misidentifications fide C. Printzen.
Biatora umbrina (Ach.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1903e; Fink 1935)
=Scoliciosporum umbrinum
Biatora varians Ach.: (Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Lecidea varians
Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr.: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 176, on map in vicinity of Los Angeles, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecidea vernalis (Hasse 1913b; TJ)
Note: According to C. Printzen (personal communication) this taxon is unlikely to occur in CA.
Biatora viridescens (Schrad.) Fr.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1906)
=Trapeliopsis viridescens
Biatora xanthococcoidea (Zahlbr.) Hasse: (Hasse 1903e)
=Lecidea xanthococcoidea Zahlbr.
Note: Hasse referred to “xanthococci A. Zahlbr.”, and cited Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. XXVI, the place of publication of Lecidea xanthococcoidea.

Biatorella cinerea (Schaer.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1950a)
=Sporastatia polyspora, an arctic/alpine species, unlikely for CA; Herre's specimens should be re-examined.
Biatorella clavus (DC.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1908a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935)
=Sarcogyne clavus
Note: Herre's (1910) material was misidentified and is in part S. similis.
Biatorella deplanata Almq. f. pruinosa H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1935a; a European species, not otherwise reported for North America. This report should be checked)
Biatorella hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b)
=Sarcogyne privigna, but Hasse's material may have been misidentified, since stated spore size is not correct fide I. Tavares (personal communication)
Biatorella microhaema Norman: (J. Blakeman 431, Lower Funston meadow, Kern Cyn, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., MIN)
=Strangospora microhaema
Biatorella moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1913b; Magnusson 1935a; TJ)
=Strangospora moriformis
Biatorella plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=Sarcogyne privigna (synonymy fide K. Knudsen)
Biatorella pruinosa (Sm.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1913b)
=Sarcogyne regularis for CA reports
†Biatorella resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1908b; TJ)
=Sarea resinae
Biatorella revertens (Tuck.) Herre: (TJ for references)
=Polysporina simplex
Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth. & Rostr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923)
=Polysporina simplex (but Herre evidently grouped material of Sarcogyne spp. with reddish apothecia under this name; Hasse's (1913b) material is Sarcogyne californica, at least in part fide Magnusson [1935a])
Biatorella terrena (Willey) Hasse: (Hasse 1911a)
=Catillaria terrena (Willey) Zahlbr., but misidentifications for CA
Biatorella testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1950a)
=Sporastatia testudinea

*Biatoropsis usnearum Räsänen: (Diederich 2003; S. Tucker 31755D, on Usnea pendulina, Armstrong Redwoods S. P., Sonoma Co., SBBG, determination of lichenicole by P. Diederich)

Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold: Synonyms: Bacidia sabuletorum (Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 172–173, with color photograph] showed it in NW CA), Mycobilimbia sabuletorum, Myxobilimbia sabuletorum (synonymy fide Veldkamp 2004)
Bilimbia granosa (Tuck.) Fink: (Fink 1935)
=Bacidia granosa, but misidentifications for CA
Bilimbia gyalectiformis Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935)
=Ramonia ablephora
Bilimbia lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Fink 1935)
=Micarea lignaria
Bilimbia naegelii (Hepp) Kremp.: (Fink 1935)
=Lecania naegelii

*Bispora christiansenii D. Hawksw.: (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
=Intralichen christiansenii

Blastenia catalinae (Magn.) E. Rud. ined.: (Rudolph 1955)
=Caloplaca catalinae
Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) A. Massal.: (TJ for references)
=Caloplaca ferruginea
Blastenia ferruginea var. ammiospila Wahlenb.: (Hasse 1915b)
=Caloplaca ammiospila
Blastenia ferruginea var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958)
=Caloplaca luteominia var. bolanderi
Blastenia ferruginea var. fraudans (Th. Fr.) Hazsl.: (Hasse 1910a, 1913b)
=Caloplaca fraudans, but probably misidentifications for North America
Blastenia ferruginea var. wrightii (Tuck.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923)
=Caloplaca wrightii
Blastenia festiva (Ach.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1913b)
=Caloplaca crenularia, but misidentifications for North America fide Wetmore 1996
Blastenia fraudans (Th. Fr.) de Lesd.: (Fink 1935; misdeterminations)
Blastenia luteominia Tuck.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935)
=Caloplaca luteominia var. luteominia
Blastenia subpyraceella (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b)
=Caloplaca subpyraceella

Botrydina botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper: (H. Thiers collections, Humboldt Co., Mendocino Co., SFSU)
=Lichenomphalia umbellifera (Redhead et al. 2002)

Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; Wright 1997; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 179–180, with color photograph]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Wright 1997; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 180, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: Alectoria fremontii
Bryoria friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward 1999; Jovan & McCune 2004; accepted by Esslinger [2004b], but considered a chemical race of B. implexa by Holien [1989])
Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; West & Doell 1995; Wright 1997, 1998; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 181, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a)
Synonyms: Alectoria nidulifera
Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Smith 1980; Thomson 1984; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 181, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Bryoria glabra (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Sweet 1983; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 182, with color photograph]; Ryan 2002)
Bryoria pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Magney 1999; Baltzo 2002; Glavich 2003; Spribille & Hauck 2003; Geiser et al. 2004)
Bryoria pseudofuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Thomson 1984; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 184, with color photograph]; Jovan & McCune 2004; considered a chemical race of B. implexa by Holien [1989])
Synonyms: Alectoria pseudofuscescens (Lindsay 1973)
Bryoria spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Wright 1998; Magney 1999; Glavich 2003; Spribille & Hauck 2003; Geiser et al. 2004)
Bryoria subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Goward 1999)
Bryoria tortuosa (G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 184]; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: Alectoria tortuosa (Lindsay 1973; Tucker 1973; Brodo & Hawksworth 1977)
Bryoria trichodes (Michx.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. americana (Motyka) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; TJ; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 185–186, with color photograph]; Thomson 2003; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Bryoria abbreviata (Müll. Arg.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Tucker & Bratt 1996)
=Nodobryoria abbreviata
Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Goward 1999)
Synonyms: Alectoria chalybeiformis (Howe 1914–1915; Herre 1945; but unlikely to be found in CA; in Rocky Mts and Canada fide Brodo & Hawksworth [1977])
Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (TJ; Goward 1999)
Synonyms: Alectoria implexa (Motyka 1964; Jordan 1968)
Note: Baltzo [2002] suggested that Jordan's material might rather have been B. capillaris, based on the reported C- chemical reaction and the absence of B. implexa from further south than Idaho in western U. S. No correctly identified specimens are known to us of this species from CA.
Bryoria oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Brodo & Hawksworth 1977; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989)
=Nodobryoria oregana, but many reports, especially from S CA, are N. abbreviata
Bryoria simplicior (Vain.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.: (Goward 1999; Jovan & McCune 2004; H. Thiers 17708, San Francisco Watershed, San Mateo Co., SFSU, but specimen inadequate for identification fide B. Ryan)
Note: The record by Jovan & McCune is doubtful, because according to Brodo & Hawksworth (1977), the southern limit of the range is northern Oregon and southern Washington.

Buellia alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.: (Tuckerman 1866, 1888; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; Sigal 1975; TJ; Nordin 1996, 1999)
Synonyms: B. ambigua, Diplotomma alboatrum, Lecidea alboatra
Buellia arborea Coppins & Tønsberg: (S. Tucker 34506, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG, determined by T. Tønsberg)
#Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Zahlbruckner 1900; Hasse 1903b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; Imshaug 1951; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Sigal 1975; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Sigal 1989; Robertson et al. 1998; Bungartz & Nash 2004; Robertson 2004)
Synonyms: Amandinea turgescens, Buellia turgescens (synonymy in Bungartz & Nash 2004)
Buellia bolacina Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Herre 1950a; Fink 1935; Imshaug 1951; TJ; Robertson 2003b; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Lecidea bolacina (Hasse 1898a)
Buellia capitis-regum W. A. Weber: (Weber 1971; TJ; Weber 1989a; Robertson 2002b; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 671, Fraser Point, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co.; CA endemic)
Buellia christophii Bungartz: (Bungartz et al. 2004; Hasse Exs. 205, Los Angeles Co.; S. Tucker 35170, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Mendocino Co.)
Buellia concinna Th. Fr.: (Bungartz et al. 2005)
Synonyms: B. semitensis, Lecidea semitensis (Hasse 1898a)
Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd: (Hue 1891; Merrill 1923; Wheeler 1938; Herre 1945; Jordan 1968; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Hill 1997 [as “?disciformis”]; Thomson 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 187, with color photograph]; Greuter et al. [2000] regarding conservation of type)
Synonyms: B. subdisciformis, Hafellia disciformis, Lecidea disciformis
Note: Kalb & Elix (1998) distinguished between B. disciformis (spores not callisporoid, 18–28 x 7–9 µm, some with 4 cells, with thinner end walls; hymenium oil-inspersed) and B. parasema (callisporoid spores 16–22 x 8–10 µm).
Buellia dispersa A. Massal.: (Bungartz et al. 2002)
Synonyms: B. retrovertens Tuck. (Hasse 1909; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 186]; synonymy in Bungartz et al. 2002, 2004)
Buellia erubescens Arnold: (B. Ryan 25455b, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Synonyms: B. zahlbruckneri (Imshaug 1951; TJ; synonymy follows Esslinger 2004b)
Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Almb.: (TJ; reported for Europe in Nordin 1996)
Synonyms: B. hassei (Imshaug 1951)
Buellia halonia (Ach.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Herre 1907; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1993; McGee 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Bungartz et al. 2005)
Synonyms: Lecidea halonia
Buellia lepidastroidea Imshaug ex Bungartz: (Imshaug 1951; TJ; Robertson 2003b; Bungartz 2004)
Buellia microbola (Tuck. ex Fink) Sheard: (Sheard 1969; TJ; CA endemic)
Synonyms: B. alboatra f. microbola (Tuckerman 1888), Rinodina microbola (Hedrick 1934; Herre 1944b)
Buellia muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg: (Nordin [1999, showing it as coastal from Santa Cruz Co. northwards])
Note: B. muriformis has large spores (28.5 x 14.5µm) with 16–32 cells while B. penichra has smaller spores (21.7 x 11.6 µm) with < 12 cells. Both B. muriformis and B. penichra have gray thalli, while B. oidalea is yellowish and has much larger spores (39.6 x 15.5 µm) with 13–27 cells.
Buellia nashii Bungartz: (Bungartz 2004; B. Ryan 1488, Inyo Co.; T. Nash 7052, San Diego Co.)
Buellia navajoensis Bungartz: (Bungartz 2004; T. Nash 10350, San Bernardino Co.)
Buellia oidalea (Nyl.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Orcutt 1885; Tuckerman 1888; Eckfeldt 1893; McClatchie 1895; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Herre 1945; Imshaug 1951; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Weber [1965a, Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 88]; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Bratt 1987; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Wright 1997 [as “cf.”], 1998; Nordin 1999; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Lecidea aliena Nyl. (synonymy fide Hasse 1898a), Lecidea oidalea, Rhizocarpon oidaleum
Note: Some records may be the newly described B. muriformis, which is K+ yellow with spores averaging 28.5 x 15.5 µm, while B. oidalea is K- with spores averaging 39.6 x 15.5 µm.
Buellia papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck.: (Robertson 2003b [as “cf.”])
Buellia parasema (Ach.) De Not.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903d; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Moxley 1921; Imshaug 1951; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Hale & Cole 1988)
=B. disciformis (fide Marbach [2000], but Kalb & Elix [1998] distinguished B. parasema from B. disciformis, as described under B. disciformis)
Buellia penichra (Tuck.) Hasse: (Orcutt 1903; Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942c, 1945; Imshaug 1951; Lindsay 1973; Hale & Cole 1988; Nordin 1999; some records may be the newly described B. muriformis A. Nordin & Tønsberg; see notes under B. muriformis)
Synonyms: B. oidalea var. penichra, Diplotomma penichrum, Rhizocarpon penichrum
Buellia prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle: (Bungartz et al. 2004; T. Nash 4312, Santa Barbara Co.)
Buellia pullata Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Weber et al. 1987)
Note: According to Bungartz et al. (2004) this taxon is fairly common along the CA coast.
Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal.: (Herre 1950a; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; Sigal 1975; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1993; Tucker & Bratt 1996)
Synonyms: Amandinea punctata (synonymy fide F. Bungartz [personal communication]); B. myriocarpa; B. myriocarpa var. chloropolia; B. myriocarpa var. ecrustacea; B. myriocarpa var. punctiformis; Catocarpon myriocarpum var. ecrustaceum; C. myriocarpum var. punctiforme; Lecidea myriocarpa
Buellia ryanii Bungartz: (Bungartz et al. 2004; S. Tucker 34781A, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co.)
Buellia sequax (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (C. Bratt 3592, along Bayside Trail, Point Loma, Cabrillo National Monument, San Diego Co., ASU, determinations by F. Bungartz; S. Tucker 28815, 1.6 km E of Pacheco Pass Summit on old State Hwy 152 near San Luis Reservoir, Merced Co., ASU)
Synonyms: B. alboatra var. saxicola (Fr.) Tuck. (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1903b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; TJ), Lecidea alboatra var. saxicola (Hasse 1898a)
Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Herre 1910; Merrill 1923; Imshaug 1951; Sigal 1975; TJ; Sigal 1989; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 188, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecidea spuria
Note: This species should occur N of Sonoran part of CA fide F. Bungartz (personal communication).
Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; Sigal 1975; TJ; Bratt 1987; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1997; Baltzo 2002; Bungartz & Nash 2005b)
Synonyms: Lecidea stellulata
Buellia stillingiana J. Steiner: (B. Ryan 24998, Gold Flat, Klamath Nat. Forest, Siskiyou Co., ASU; eastern half of U. S. and Pacific coast from Washington northward fide Brodo et al. 2001)
Buellia subalbula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.: (Bungartz & Nash 2005a; S. Tucker 33692A, San Nicolas Isl.: NAVFAC Rd, Ventura Co., SBBG, determination by F. Bungartz)
Buellia tesserata Körb.: (Rico et al. 2003, although CA is not mentioned; Bungartz 2004)
Synonyms: B. cerussata, B. fimbriata (Sheard 1969; TJ; von Reis 1991), B. pruinella (Imshaug 1951), Rinodina radiata var. fimbriata Tuck. (Hasse 1908a)
Buellia triseptata A. Nordin: (Nordin 1999; Baltzo 2002; Giralt & Nordin 2002)
Misapplied names (fide F. Bungartz [personal communication]): B. triphragmioides (Hasse 1903f; Imshaug 1951; Lindsay 1973; TJ) B. vernicoma (McGee 1998 [as “cf.”])
Buellia tyrolensis Körb.: Synonyms: B. novomexicana (C. Bratt 5014, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
Buellia venusta (Körb.) Lettau: (S. Tucker 33812, Theodolite Rd off Jackson Hwy, south coast, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Diplotomma venustum (Nordin 1996)
Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (TJ; Doell et al. 1999 [as “cf. aethalea”]; Bourell 2000)
Synonyms: B. atroalbella, B. verruculosa
Note: Bungartz & Nash (2005b) report B. aethalea only at high elevations in the southwestern US outside of CA.
Buellia alboatra var. ambigua (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (TJ)
=Buellia alboatra (Nordin 1999)
Buellia alboatra f. microbola Tuck. ex Fink: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Buellia microbola
Buellia alboatra var. saxicola (Fr.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1903b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b)
=Buellia sequax
Buellia alpicola (Wahlenb.) Anzi f. microspora Nyl.: (Tuckerman [1888], based on a Lapham collection from 7,000 ft. in the Sierra Nevada)
=Rhizocarpon alpicola
Buellia ambigua (Ach.) Malme: (Imshaug 1951)
=Buellia alboatra (Nordin 1999)
Buellia atroalbella Nyl.: (Hasse 1903b, 1903f)
=Buellia aethalea = misidentifications for CA
Buellia bolanderi Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Rhizocarpon bolanderi
Buellia callispora (Knight) J. Steiner: (Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=Hafellia callispora, but based on probable misidentifications, since this species is in the SE U. S.; H. fosteri Imshaug & Sheard, however, is known from Washington [Sheard 1992], and might be the lichen collected in north coastal CA by Lindsay.
Buellia cerussata Llimona & Werner: (Bratt 1993; Bowler et al. 1996)
=B. tesserata
Buellia dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1872, 1888; Fink 1935; Imshaug 1951; TJ; Thomson 2003)
=Chrismofulvea dialyta (Marbach 2000; a Bolander collection from CA is the type)
Buellia disciformis var. triphragmia (Nyl.) Oliv.: (Merrill 1923)
=B. triphragmia, but misidentification for CA
Buellia fimbriata (Tuck.) Sheard: (Sheard 1969; TJ; von Reis 1991; Scheidegger 1993)
=B. tesserata (synonymy fide Rico et al. 2003)
Buellia fuscoatra (L.) Fr.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Lecidea fuscoatra
Buellia geographica (L.) Tuck.: (TJ for references)
=Rhizocarpon geographicum
Buellia geographica var. lecanorina (Körb.) Tuck.: (TJ)
=Rhizocarpon lecanorinum
Buellia geophila (Sommerf.) Lynge: (Ryan & Nash [1991] on Selaginella)
=Tetramelas geophila
Buellia hassei Imshaug ined: (Imshaug 1951, unpublished name, but listed in Esslinger 2004b)
=B. griseovirens
Buellia inquilina Tuck.: (Willey 1873a; Hasse 1912, 1915b)
=Dactylospora inquilina (a non-lichenized fungus)
Buellia lactea Körb.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; misidentifications for CA)
Buellia lepidastra (Tuck.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Volk 1963; McGee 1998 [as “cf.”]; Baltzo 2002 [as “cf. lepidastra”])
Synonyms: Lecidea lepidastra (Hasse 1898a; TJ; This species is restricted to the NE US; CA reports represent an undescribed new species fide Bungartz & Nash [2005b])
Buellia myriocarpa (DC.) De Not.: (TJ for references)
=B. punctata
Buellia myriocarpa var. chloropolia (Fr.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; TJ [as var. chlorophylla])
=B. punctata
Buellia myriocarpa var. ecrustacea Leight.: (Hasse 1913b)
=B. punctata
Buellia myriocarpa var. punctiformis (Hoffm.) Mudd: (Hasse 1913b; Wheeler 1938)
=B. punctata
Buellia naegelii (Hepp) McClatchie: (McClatchie [1897], as Buellia naegelii Hepp, a name not in Zahlbruckner [1934])
=Lecania naegelii
Buellia novomexicana de Lesd.: (C. Bratt 5014, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., determination by W. Weber, SBBG)
=B. tyrolensis (synonymy fide Bungartz 2004)
Buellia oidalea Tuck. var. penichra Tuck.: (Hasse 1903d)
=Buellia penichra
Buellia parasema var. latypea (Ach.) Nyl.: (McClatchie 1897 [on rocks, Catalina Isl.])
=Lecidea plana
*Buellia parasitica (Flörke) Th. Fr.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1903f; see Zahlbruckner 1931)
=Dactylospora parasitica
Note: According to Hafellner (2004), a reinvestigation is needed to verify the collections by Bolander.
Buellia parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1915b)
=Abrothallus parmeliarum
Buellia petraea (Wulfen) Branth. & Rostr.: (Tuckerman 1872, 1888; Blankinship & Keeler 1892; Hasse 1896, 1903b, 1905; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Rhizocarpon petraeum
Buellia petraea var. albinea Tuck.: (Hasse 1903f)
=Rhizocarpon obscuratum
Buellia petraea var. grandis Flörke: (Tuckerman 1888)
=Rhizocarpon grande
Buellia petraea var. montagnei Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Rhizocarpon disporum fide Zahlbruckner (1927)
Buellia petraea var. vulgaris Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1872)
=Rhizocarpon petraeum
Buellia pruinella Imshaug: (Imshaug 1951)
=Buellia tesserata
Buellia pulchella (Schrad.) Tuck.: (Hasse 1908b)
=Catolechia wahlenbergii
Buellia radiata Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a)
=Dimelaena radiata
Buellia retrovertens Tuck.: (Hasse 1909; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 186])
=B. dispersa (synonymy in Bungartz et al. 2002, 2004)
Buellia rinodinoides Anzi: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Herre 1944b)
=Rinodina rinodinoides (Sheard 2004)
Note: According to J. Sheard (personal communication), early reports were misidentifications, but the species has been collected recently on San Nicolas Isl. and from mainland Santa Barbara Co. in S CA.
Buellia semitensis Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1888; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1915b; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; Imshaug 1951; Weber 1963; TJ)
=B. concinna (Bungartz et al. 2005)
Buellia stigmaea Tuck.: =B. maculata Bungartz (Bungartz & Nash 2005b, who cite no specimens from west of Illinois)
Note: Tucker (2002) reported B. Ryan collections from CA, but these records have now been removed from ASU database; this species does not reach CA fide F. Bungartz (personal communication).
Buellia subdisciformis (Leight.) Vain.: (Hasse 1915b, but probably a misidentification; in Sinaloa, Mexico but not in Sonoran CA fide F. Bungartz [personal communication])
=Buellia disciformis, see under B. disciformis for differences noted by Kalb & Elix (1998)
Buellia triphragmia (Nyl.) Arnold: (Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1903)
Synonyms: Lecidea disciformis var. triphragmia, Lecidea triphragmia (misidentifications)
Buellia triphragmioides Anzi: (Hasse 1903f; Imshaug 1951; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
Note: B. Ryan 27066 and other collections identified by A. Nordin as this species have now been re-determined by him as B. triseptata. B. triphragmioides occurs only in the Rocky Mts and adjacent high elevations.
Buellia turgescens Tuck.: (Hasse 1915b; Imshaug 1951; Volk 1963; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1999; Thomson 2003)
=Buellia badia (synonymy in Bungartz & Nash 2004)
Buellia verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd: (Sheard 1969; TJ)
=Buellia aethalea = misidentifications for CA (synonymy in Esslinger 2004b)
Buellia vilis Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1915b; Sigal 1975; L. Sigal 235, Little Red Mtn, Mendocino Co.; TJ; Sigal 1989)
Note: These reports are probably based on misidentifications, because this is a high-elevation European species, also known in Arizona from one collection fide Bungartz (2004).
Buellia wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard: (TJ)
=Catolechia wahlenbergii
Buellia zahlbruckneri J. Steiner: (Imshaug 1951; TJ)
=B. erubescens Arnold fide Giralt et al. 2000, who said that Schauer (1965) incorrectly neotypified B. zahlbruckneri, selecting a specimen of B. chloroleuca as the type. Giralt's conclusions have been verified by Bungartz (personal communication)

*Buelliella inops (Triebel & Rambold) Hafellner: (Diederich 2003; Hafellner 2004; on Caloplaca sp.)
*Buelliella physciicola Poelt & Hafellner: (Esslinger & Egan [1995, under Appendix, New Records for North America, based on H. E. Hasse, Topanga Cyn, Santa Monica Mts, Los Angeles Co., UPS]; Alstrup & Cole 1998; Diederich 2003; Hafellner 2004; Rundel 3214, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., UPS)
*Buelliella parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Fink: (Fink 1935; TJ)
=Abrothallus parmeliarum

Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain.

BYSSOLOMA (S. Tucker 35280, Pygmy Forest, Mitchell Creek Drive near Fort Bragg, Mendocino Co., SBBG)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Calicium abietinum Pers.: (Fink 1935; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Lindsay 1973; Tibell 1975; TJ; Thomson 1997; Tucker 1997; Goward 1999; Thomson 2003; Tibell & Ryan [2004] for Channel Is.)
Synonyms: C. curtum
Calicium adaequatum Nyl.: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Goward 1999; B. Ryan 24443, 5 km SW of Fraser Flat, Tuolumne Co., ASU)
Calicium adspersum Pers.: (Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999; known from only one location in CA, in Del Norte Co. fide E. Peterson [personal communication])
Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach.: (Wetmore 1985; Kolb & Spribille 2001)
Note: According to Tibell & Ryan (2004), this taxon occurs only in Arizona in the Sonoran region. However, Wetmore's 1985 report, verified by Kolb & Spribille (2001), was from Sequoia Nat. Park, Tulare Co., north of the region in CA.
Calicium glaucellum Ach.: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Tucker 1997; Wright 1998; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Tibell & Ryan [2004] for S CA)
Calicium lenticulare Ach.: (Goward 1999; Robertson 2002a)
Calicium parvum Tibell: (Goward 1999; H. Thiers 38241, Calaveras Co., SFSU)
Note: It is likely that the Goward report was based on the Thiers collection, which probably was misidentified.
Calicium viride Pers.: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Wetmore 1987; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 193–194, with color photograph])
Synonyms: C. hyperellum (Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Herre 1912a; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Calicium albonigrum Nyl.: (Jordan 1968)
=Mycocalicium albonigrum
Calicium chrysocephalum Ach.: (Bolander 1870)
=Chaenotheca chrysocephala
Calicium curtisii Tuck.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909; Hasse 1915b; Fink 1935; Lindsay 1973)
=Phaeocalicium curtisii
Calicium curtum Turner & Borrer: (Herre 1910; West & Doell 1995)
=C. abietinum
Calicium hyperellum (Ach.) Ach.: (Herre 1912a)
=C. viride
Calicium parietinum Ach. ex Schaer.: (Hasse 1905, 1913b; Merrill 1923)
=Mycocalicium subtile
Calicium parietinum var. albonigrum Nyl.: (Tuckerman 1872)
=Mycocalicium albonigrum
†Calicium populneum Brond. ex Duby: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
=Phaeocalicium populneum
#Calicium pusillum (Ach.) Flörke: (Hasse 1908b; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Chaenothecopsis pusilla
†Calicium subtile Pers.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Herre 1950a; Jordan 1968)
=Mycocalicium subtile
Calicium turbinatum Pers.: (Orcutt 1903, 1907)
=Sphinctrina turbinata

Caloplaca albovariegata (de Lesd.) Wetmore: (Wetmore 1994; T. Nash 32104, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., ASU; T. Nash 32829, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU; C. Wetmore 16974A, Cpgd, NW of Descanso, N of Hwy 80, San Diego Co., MIN; C. Wetmore 14631, San Bernardino NF, S of Banning, Riverside Co. MIN; Shushan 11088, Searsville Lake, San Mateo Co., COLO)
Caloplaca ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H. Olivier: (TJ; Robertson [2003b, as “cf.”] but based on a misidentification; L. Ross 83, Refugio Rd, Santa Ynez Mts, Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Synonyms: Blastenia ferruginea var. ammiospila (Hasse 1915b)
Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Müll. Arg.: (Ryan & Nash 1991; Doell et al. 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 196–197, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b; B. Ryan 24659a, Carson-Iceberg Wilderness, Alpine Co., ASU; B. Ryan 25048, Gold Flat, Klamath Nat. Forest, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Note: This species is included for North America in Esslinger (2004b). According to Weber, however, material from the U. S. under this name is referable to C. lamprocheila.
Caloplaca atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Wetmore 1994; Thomson 2003; H. E. Hasse 883, near Elsinore, Riverside Co., 1898, MIN)
Caloplaca atroflava (Turner) Mong.: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Wetmore 1996)
Caloplaca atrosanguinea (G. Merr.) I. M. Lamb: (Wetmore [1994, citing Siskiyou and Tulare Co. collections]; Baltzo 2002; B. Ryan 25181, 25194a, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., MIN, ASU)
Caloplaca bolacina (Tuck.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Magnusson 1944; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Baltzo 1970 [as “? sensu Herre 1910”]; TJ; Baltzo 1989; von Reis 1991; Arup 1995a; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; West & Doell 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 197, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Placodium bolacinum, Pyrenodesmia bolacina
Caloplaca brattiae W. A. Weber: (Weber 1989b; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Bratt 1999; Doell 2002)
Caloplaca californica Zahlbr.: (Keissler 1926; Magnusson 1944; Rudolph 1955; Lindsay 1973; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bratt 1993; McGee 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Tavares 1996)
Synonyms: Pyrenodesmia californica
Caloplaca catalinae H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1944; TJ; Wetmore [1994, who suggested that this may be a synonym of C. atrosanguinea]; Bowler et al. 1996; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Blastenia catalinae (Rudolph 1955)
Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Tucker & Bratt 1995, 1996; Hill 1997; Wright 1997 [as var. cerina]; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 197, with color photograph, as var. cerina]; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Lecanora cerina, Placodium cerinum, Pyrenodesmia cerina
Caloplaca chlorina (Flot.) H. Olivier: (Wetmore 1996, C. Wetmore 51152 and J. Blakeman 364, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., MIN)
Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; von Reis 1991; Tucker 1999; Wetmore 2001; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 198, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002)
Caloplaca cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
Synonyms: Placodium cladodes (Willey 1873a)
Caloplaca coralloides (Tuck.) Hulting: (Hulting 1896; Zahlbruckner 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Herre 1945; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; Bowler et al. 1996; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Wright 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 198–199, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Placodium coralloides (TJ for references), Polycauliona coralloides (TJ for references)
Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forss.: (Anderson 1962; Baltzo 1970; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Doell et al. 1999)
Caloplaca demissa (Körb.) Arup & Grube: (Arup & Grube [1999, who based the transfer of this puzzling, sterile, lobate crust to Caloplaca on molecular evidence]; Robertson & Robertson [2001, from Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma counties])
Synonyms: Lecanora demissa, L. subolivascens (Nylander 1900)
*Caloplaca epithallina Lynge: (Wetmore 1983, 1985; Ryan & Nash 1991; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 199, with color photograph])
Caloplaca feracissima H. Magn.: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 199, in central Sierra Nevada, with color photograph]; Tucker [2002] pointed out rarity; C. Wetmore 50760, near Ladybug Cpgd E of South Fork Ranger Station, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., 12 May 1984, MIN)
Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1942a; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Tucker & Bratt 1995 [as “cf.”], 1996; Wright 1997; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 195]; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: Blastenia ferruginea, Placodium ferrugineum, Pyrenodesmia ferruginea
Caloplaca flavogranulosa Arup: (Arup 1993b, 1995b; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 200, with color photograph]; U. Arup L89290, Trinidad State Beach, Humboldt Co., ASU; U. Arup L89288, Russian Gulch S. P., Mendocino Co., ASU)
Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon: (von Reis 1991; Bratt 1993; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 200–201 with color photograph])
Synonyms: C. aurantiaca (Hasse 1908b, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; TJ), Lecanora aurantiaca (Hasse 1898a), Placodium aurantiacum (Tuckerman 1866, 1882; Orcutt 1885; McClatchie 1895; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903a, 1903d), Pyrenodesmia aurantiaca (Rudolph 1955)
Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.: (TJ; Wright 1997 [as “?”]; Bourell 2000; Baltzo 2002; Tucker [2002, pointing out its rarity])
Synonyms: C. erythrella var. rubescens (Hasse 1911a), Pyrenodesmia flavovirescens (Rudolph 1955)
Note: The map in Brodo et al. (2001) does not show this species on the west coast of North America.
Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade: (TJ; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Wright 1997; Bourell 2000; Baltzo 2002)
Synonyms: C. pyracea (Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Jordan 1968), Placodium cerinum var. pyraceum (McClatchie 1895, 1897), Lecanora pyracea (Hasse 1898a), Pyrenodesmia pyracea
Caloplaca ignea Arup: (Arup 1995a, 1995b; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Bratt 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 202, with color photograph])
Caloplaca impolita Arup: (Arup 1995a, 1995b; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
Caloplaca inconspecta Arup: (Arup 1995a, 1995b; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 202–203, with color photograph])
Caloplaca jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr.: (Wetmore 1985; B. Ryan 25284, Marble Mountain Wilderness, 1.6 km along Shackleford Creek, Siskiyou Co., ASU; B. Ryan, Emigrant Wilderness, Tuolumne Co., ASU)
Caloplaca lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.: (B. Ryan 32212, North Fork Ranger Station grounds, Sierra Nat. Forest, Madera Co., ASU)
Caloplaca ludificans Arup: (Arup 1995a, 1995b; Doell 2002)
Caloplaca luteominia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Arup: (Arup 1993a; Bowler et al. 1996; Wright 1997; Tucker 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 203, with color photograph]; CA endemic)
Synonyms: C. bolanderi, C. ferruginea var. bolanderi, Blastenia ferruginea var. bolanderi
Caloplaca luteominia var. luteominia Arup: (TJ; Arup 1995a; Bratt 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 203]; Doell 2002)
Synonyms: Blastenia luteominia, C. laeta, Placodium luteominium, Pyrenodesmia luteominia
Caloplaca marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. subsp. americana Arup: (Arup 1992a, 1995b; Doell 2002)
Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 198]; Wetmore 2005)
Synonyms: Placodium microphyllinum Tuck. (Hasse 1903c [as P. microphillum]), Lecanora microphyllina
Caloplaca obscurella (Körb.) Th. Fr.: (Wetmore 2005)
Caloplaca oregona H. Magn.: (Lindsay 1973; TJ; von Reis 1991; Bowler et al. 1996; T. Nash 11359, along Hwy 253, 11 km E of Hwy 128, Mendocino Co., ASU)
Caloplaca parviloba Wetmore: (Wetmore [2003, reporting a B. Ryan collection from Riverside Co.])
Caloplaca peliophylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Fink 1935; Herre 1944b [C. L. Brown, Marin Co.]; TJ; Wetmore 1994; T. Nash 32731b, Hi Mtn, San Luis Obispo Co., ASU; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Gasparrinia peliophylla, Placodium peliophyllum
Caloplaca pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Wetmore 1996; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 203–204, with color photograph])
Synonyms: Lecanora pellodella, Pyrenodesmia pellodella
Caloplaca persimilis Wetmore: (Wetmore 2005; S. Tucker 10995, On Quercus lobata on Hwy 41, Creston-Atascadero Rd, foothills of Santa Lucia range, 2.3 mi. W of Creston, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG, determination by C. Wetmore)
Caloplaca rosei Hasse: (Arup 1992a; Bratt 1993; Bowler et al. 1996; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 2000)
Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin: (Weber et al. 1987; Hale & Cole 1988; Bowler & Riefner 1990; Bratt 1993; Bowler et al. 1996; Thomson 1997; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Doell et al. 1999)
Synonyms: C. murorum (TJ), Gasparrinia murorum, Lecanora murorum (Hasse 1898a), Lecanora murorum subsp. tegularis (Hasse 1898a), Lecanora tegularis, Placodium murorum, P. murorum var. miniatum, P. murorum var. gyalechioides, P. murorum var. obliterascens
Caloplaca sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Bratt 1993; Wetmore 1996)
Synonyms: Placodium cerinum var. sideritis (Hasse 1903a), Pyrenodesmia sideritis (Rudolph 1955)
Caloplaca sonorae Wetmore: (S. Tucker 35559, Big Rocks, 2.8 mi. N of Hwy 166, Los Padres Nat. Forest, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG, determination by C. Wetmore; described in Wetmore [1996], but not from CA)
Caloplaca squamosa (de Lesd.) Zahlbr.: (Sigal 1975; TJ; Sigal 1989; Hill 1997; McGee 1998 [as “cf.”]; Baltzo 2002; Wetmore 2003)
Caloplaca stanfordensis H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1944; Weber 1967a; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Weber 1989a, 1989b; Bowler et al. 1996; Tavares 1996; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 193, Howland Landing, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co.; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 695; S. Tucker 38304, campus of Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., SBBG)
Synonyms: Pyrenodesmia stanfordensis
Caloplaca stantonii W. A. Weber ex Arup: (Weber 1989a; Arup 1992b, 1995b; Bowler et al. 1996; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 672, Fraser Point, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co.)
Caloplaca stellata Wetmore & Kärnefelt: (Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
Caloplaca stipitata Wetmore: (Wetmore 1999; C. Wetmore 73651, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., isotype, MIN; T. Nash 41082, San Miguel Isl., Santa Barbara Isl., ASU; C. Bratt 4804, Santa Barbara Isl., Santa Barbara Co.)
Note: This species occurs on bark in arid parts of S CA. It has been confused with C. californica (fide Wetmore [1999]), which is on wood and in more northern maritime situations.
Caloplaca subpyraceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Fink 1935; TJ; von Reis 1991; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Magney 1999; Riefner & Rosentreter 2004; some CA collections are misidentifications of C. luteominia var. luteominia fide K. Knudsen)
Synonyms: Blastenia subpyraceella, Lecanora subpyraceella, Placodium subpyraceellum, Pyrenodesmia subpyraceella
Caloplaca subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Wetmore 2003)
Misapplied names: C. modesta, C. sipeana?, C. lobulata (some reports)
Caloplaca tiroliensis Zahlbr.: (Lindsay 1973; TJ; B. Ryan 25291, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Hebert & Meyer 1984; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 204–205, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b)
Synonyms: C. elegans var. trachyphylla (Herre 1950a)
Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll. Arg.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Bratt 1993; Robertson 2004)
Synonyms: Lecanora variabilis, Pyrenodesmia variabilis
Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr.: (Bratt 1993; Arup 1994, 1995a; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 205, with color photograph]; Tucker 2002)
Note: Wetmore & Kärnefelt (1998) included coastal northern CA locations on their map although they did not see collections from that region. Tucker (2002) raised questions about reports of this species in CA.
Caloplaca vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier: (Wetmore 1985)
Caloplaca wrightii (Willey) Fink: (TJ)
Synonyms: Blastenia ferruginea var. wrightii (Hasse 1913a; Merrill 1923), C. ferruginea var. wrightii, Placodium ferrugineum var. wrightii (Hasse 1903a)
Caloplaca aurantia (Pers.) Hellb.: (Wetmore 1985; not included for North America by Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
Synonyms: C. callopisma
Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1908b, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; TJ)
=C. flavorubescens
Caloplaca bolanderi (Tuck.) H. Magn.: (TJ; Sigal 1989; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995)
=C. luteominia var. bolanderi
Caloplaca callopisma (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
=C. aurantia, but apparent misidentifications for North America
Caloplaca castellana (Räsänen) Poelt: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Robertson 2003b [as “cf.”, from White Mts, 10,000 ft. elev., Mono Co.])
Note: This is a European and arctic species, unlikely on the CA coast but possible at high elevations in the mountains.
Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel.: (Baltzo 1970; TJ; Weber et al. 1987 [as “cf.”]; Baltzo 1989; von Reis 1991; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Tucker 1999; Bourell 2000; Robertson 2001, 2003a; Thomson 2003)
Note: The disposition of these records is uncertain. According to Wetmore (2005), the species does not occur west of South Dakota.
Caloplaca cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.: (Herre 1910, 1950a; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; TJ; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1996)
= misidentifications for CA
Note: According to Wetmore (2003), the name Caloplaca cinnabarina has been applied widely to other species, including taxa in the C. squamosa group. Wetmore & Kärnefelt (2000) restrict C. cinnabarina s. str. to an area from Virginia to New Mexico and Mexico, not including CA.
Caloplaca cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1912a; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988)
Note: Many older reports for western North America are misidentifications of C. tominii fide McCune (1985), but the latter is not reported for CA. Hale & Cole's (1988) description of “C. cirrochroa” resembles that of C. decipiens (having tiny sorediate lobes, lacking lower cortex, appressed to rock).
Caloplaca constipans (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=Edrudia constipans
Caloplaca crenularia (With.) J. R. Laundon: Synonyms: Blastenia festiva (Hasse 1913b), C. festiva, C. ferruginea var. festiva, Placodium ferrugineum var. festivum, P. festivum, Pyrenodesmia festiva
Note: According to Wetmore (1996), North American reports are based on misidentifications.
Caloplaca elegans (Link) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Herre 1945, 1950a)
=Xanthoria elegans
Caloplaca elegans var. trachyphylla Tuck.: (Herre 1950a)
=C. trachyphylla
Caloplaca erythrantha (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: Synonyms: Lecanora erythrantha (Fink 1935; not in Esslinger 2004b; omitted in first checklist of North American lichens [Hale & Culberson 1956];
= a possible misidentification for CA, since this species is otherwise reported only from the tropics)
Caloplaca erythrella (Ach.) Kieff. var. rubescens (Ach.) Hasse: (Hasse 1911a)
=Caloplaca flavovirescens
Caloplaca eugyra (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (called a misidentification in TJ; Wetmore & Kärnefelt [1998] question CA record)
Synonyms: Placodium eugyrum Tuck. (Hasse 1908a)
Caloplaca ferruginea var. bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre: (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958)
=C. luteominia var. bolanderi
Caloplaca ferruginea var. festiva (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1942a, 1950a)
=Caloplaca crenularia, but misidentifications for North America fide Wetmore (1996)
Caloplaca ferruginea var. wrightii Tuck.: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923)
=C. wrightii
Caloplaca festiva (Ach.) Zwackh: (Fink 1935)
=Caloplaca crenularia, but misidentifications for North America fide Wetmore (1996)
Caloplaca fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier: (TJ; Bratt 1987; Bowler & Riefner 1990; von Reis 1991 [but report based on a misidentification fide Tucker 1999]; Bratt 1997; Bourell 2000)
Synonyms: Blastenia ferruginea var. fraudans (Hasse 1910a, 1913b), B. fraudans (Fink 1935), Pyrenodesmia fraudans (Rudolph 1955)
Note: Arup (1994) claimed that he had not seen material of this species from North America.
Caloplaca fulgens (Sw.) Körb.: (Hasse 1906; TJ)
=Fulgensia fulgens
Caloplaca laeta H. Magn.: (Magnusson 1944; Baltzo 1970; Sigal 1975; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991 [but report based on a misidentification fide Tucker 1999])
=C. luteominia var. luteominia fide Arup 1993b
Caloplaca lobulata (Flörke) de Lesd.: (Baltzo 1970; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Wetmore & Kärnefelt 1998)
=C. subsoluta for some CA records
Caloplaca modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink: (Weber et al. 1987; Ryan & Nash 1991; Bratt 1993)
=C. subsoluta for some CA records fide Wetmore (2003)
Caloplaca murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.: (TJ for references)
=Caloplaca saxicola
Caloplaca pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta: (Hasse 1913b; TJ)
Note: Because Wetmore (1994) cited only Mexico, Colorado, and eastern U. S., CA records are probably based on misidentifications.
Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; Jordan 1968)
=C. holocarpa
Caloplaca sipeana H. Magn.: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Bowler et al. 1996)
=C. subsoluta? for some CA records
Caloplaca stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995)
=C. cerina
Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) J. Steiner: (TJ, but misidentifications for North America fide Wetmore 1996 and Esslinger 2004b)
Synonyms: Placodium teicholytum, Pyrenodesmia teicholyta
Caloplaca tominii (Savicz) Ahlner: (Wetmore [2001, description; CA not mentioned])
Misapplied names: C. cirrochroa (Herre 1912a; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Note: According to McCune (1985), these records should be verified, as the nearest collections are from western Nevada.
Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink: (Wright 1997 = misidentification)
Caloplaca viridirufa (Ach.) Zahlbr.: Synonyms: Lecanora fuscoatra Nyl. (Hasse 1898a)
= probable misidentification

Calvitimela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner: Synonyms: Tephromela aglaea (J. & R. Robertson 6886, on serpentine outcrop, Bolinas Fairfax Rd .3 mi W of golf course, Mt. Tamalpais State Park, Marin Co.)
Calvitimela armeniaca (DC.) Hertel & Rambold: Synonyms: Lecidea armeniaca, Tephromela armeniaca (Ryan & Nash [1991] but report was based on a misdetermination)
Note: According to Brodo et al. (2001), and Hafellner et al. (2004), this species does not occur in CA.

Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein: (Herre 1910; Baltzo 1970; Sigal 1975; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991; Doell & Wright 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Hill 1997; Wright 1997; McGee 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 205–206, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Baltzo 2002; Westberg & Nash 2002; Robertson 2003b; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: Teloschistes concolor
Candelaria concolor var. effusa (Tuck.) G. Merr. & Burnham: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Hebert & Meyer 1984; Weber et al. 1987; Robertson 2002a)
Candelaria pacifica Westberg nom. inval.: (Westberg & Nash 2002 [as Candelaria “pacifica”, in prep.]; C. Wetmore 73411, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., ASU; T. Nash 18927, E side of Pinnacles Nat. Monument, San Benito Co., ASU; S. Tucker 34684, Santa Margarita-Pozo Rd, San Luis Obispo Co., ASU)
Candelaria dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul.: (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958)
= error for Candelariella dispersa
Candelaria vitellina (Hoffm.) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1908b)
=Candelariella vitellina

Candelariella antennaria Räsänen: (Westberg 2004)
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.: (Fink 1935; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Thomson 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 207, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b; Westberg 2004)
Synonyms: C. cerinella (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935), Lecanora cerinella (Stizenberger 1895), L. vitellina var. aurella (Hasse 1898a), Placodium epixanthum (Hasse 1903c), P. vitellinum var. aurella (Tuckerman 1882)
Candelariella citrina de Lesd.: (Westberg 2004)
Synonyms: C. terrigena
Candelariella corallizoides Westberg: (C. Printzen, 25 Sept 1997, on rocks above La Cascada, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., SBBG; C. Bratt 10298, Upper Chenett Cyn, San Clemente Isl., Los Angeles Co., SBBG, determination by S. Tucker)
Candelariella dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul.: (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958 [as “Candelaria dispersa”]; TJ; Thomson 1997, 2003)
Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau: (Wetmore 1985; C. Wetmore 50145, on Cercocarpus, 2 mi. E of Lookout Ranger Station on Mineral King Rd, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., 3 May 1984, MIN)
Candelariella rosulans (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Wetmore 1983; Hale & Cole 1988; Wright 1997; Bratt 1999; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 208, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b; Westberg 2004)
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.: (Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942a, 1945, 1950a; Volk 1963; Baltzo 1970; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995, 1996; Thomson 1997; Wright 1997; Bratt 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 208–209, with color photograph]; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003b; Westberg 2004)
Synonyms: Candelaria vitellina, Lecanora vitellina, Placodium vitellinum
Candelariella vitellina var. asserticola Degel.: (T. Nash 18947, E side of Pinnacles Nat. Monument, San Benito Co., ASU)
Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau: (Lindsay 1973; TJ; Thomson 1997, 2003; Westberg 2004; B. Ryan 12555, Eastern Brook Lakes Watershed, Inyo Co., ASU; T. Nash 11237, Onyx Summit, San Bernardino Mts, San Bernardino Co., ASU; T. Nash 8001, S of Pinecrest, Tuolumne Co., ASU)
Candelariella cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
=C. aurella
Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn.: (Bratt 1999; Bourell [2000, citing J. Doell collection])
= misidentifications, as this is a European species
Candelariella holophaea (Mont.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=Solenopsora holophaea, but misidentifications, since Hasse described the spores (of Lecanora holophaea) as brown and 1–3-septate; in addition, this species was not mentioned for CA in Ryan & Timdal (2002)
Candelariella spraguei (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (TJ; Tucker [2002] indicated that the Hasse collections need to be verified; only in Colorado fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 208])
Synonyms: Lecanora spraguei (Hasse 1898a)
Candelariella terrigena Räsänen: (Ryan & Nash 1991; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 208–209, with color photograph]; Robertson 2003b, 2004; Westberg 2004; T. Nash 7056, Ocotillo, San Diego Co., ASU; B. Ryan 31071, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co.; J. R. Shevock 17560, Kern Plateau, Tulare Co., ASU)
=C. citrina (Westberg [2004] for synonymy)

*Carbonea vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel: (Triebel et al. 1991; Diederich 2003; Robertson 2003b; Knoph et al. 2004; B. Ryan 12735, Eastern Brook Lakes Watershed, Inyo Co., ASU)
Synonyms: Nesolechia vitellinaria
Carbonea vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel: (Knoph et al. 2004)
Synonyms: Lecidea vorticosa (Hasse 1913b)

Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körb.: (Thomson 1987; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash [1991] whose report was based on a misidentification of C. daedaleum; Goward et al. 1994)
Synonyms: Dermatocarpon cinereum, D. hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. s. str., non auct., Endocarpon cinereum, Endocarpon cinereum var. cartilagineum Nyl. (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Thomson 1987), E. hepaticum Ach. (Hasse 1896, 1898a; Orcutt 1907), E. tephroides
Note: According to Breuss & Bratt (2001), this species is not known with certainty from CA, but is likely to occur in the Sierra Nevada.
Catapyrenium daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein: (reported by Ryan & Nash [1991] as C. cinereum; Breuss & Bratt 2001, based on B. Ryan 12648 from a montane area in Inyo Co.; an arctic/alpine species not in the Sonoran area of S CA fide Breuss [2002])
Catapyrenium psoromoides (Borrer) R. Sant.: (Breuss & McCune 1994; Breuss & Bratt 2001; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 571]; Robertson & Robertson [2001, p. 64, based on their collections from Lake, Mendocino, Solano, and Sonoma counties, confirmed by O. Breuss]; Breuss 2002; Tucker 2002; Robertson 2004)
Catapyrenium squamellum (Nyl.) J. W. Thomson: (Thomson 1987; Breuss & Bratt 2001; Breuss 2002; Robertson 2003b; Knudsen 2004c)
Synonyms: Dermatocarpon squamellum (Herre 1910; Hasse 1915b; Fink [1935] who doubted the Hasse material from S CA; Sigal & Toren 1976; TJ), Verrucaria squamella (Hasse 1897)
Catapyrenium acarosporoides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson: =Placidium acarosporoides (Breuss 1996; Breuss & Bratt 2001)
Catapyrenium caeruleopulvinum J. W. Thomson: (Thomson 1987)
=Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum
Catapyrenium heppioides (Zahlbr.) J. W. Thomson: (Thomson 1987)
=Placopyrenium heppioides
Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R. Sant.: (Thomson 1987; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Doell & Wright 1996; Bratt 1997)
=Placidium lachneum (Breuss 1996)
Note: According to O. Breuss (personal communication), CA records are based on misidentifications; many collections are referable to Placidium lacinulatum.
Catapyrenium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss: =Placidium lacinulatum (Breuss 1996)
Catapyrenium pilosellum Breuss: (S. Tucker 33676, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG; T. Nash 33013, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
=Placidium pilosellum (Breuss 1996)
Catapyrenium plumbeum (de Lesd.) J. W. Thomson: (R. Rosentreter 7234, E end of High Peaks Trail, Pinnacles Nat. Monument, San Benito Co., SBBG; the name was misapplied to Verrucaria inficiens pr. p. [Breuss 1998])
Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss: =Placidium squamulosum
Catapyrenium tuckermanii (Ravenel ex Mont.) J. W. Thomson: (Thomson 1987, 2003; Breuss & Bratt [2001, not known with certainty for CA])
=Placidium arboreum
Catapyrenium umbrinum Breuss: =Clavascidium umbrinum
Catapyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) J. W. Thomson: (Thomson 1987)
=Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri

Catillaria chalybeia (Borrer) A. Massal.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Catillaria franciscana (Tuck.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Knudsen 2005c; L. Sigal, Land's End, San Francisco, San Francisco Co., 23 Mar 1973, ASU; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Biatora franciscana (Tuckerman 1888; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907), Lecidea franciscana
Catillaria glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse: (Hasse 1909, 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ)
Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Sigal 1975; TJ; Sigal 1989; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Riefner et al. 2003)
Synonyms: C. lenticularis var. acrustacea, Lecidea lenticularis f. acrustacea
Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler: (TJ; B. Ryan 26661, Hwy 152, 32 km NNE of Hollister, Merced Co., ASU)
Synonyms: C. lenticularis var. vulgaris (Bolander 1870; Hasse 1909, 1913b)
Catillaria subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
Synonyms: Biatora subviridis (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1906)
Catillaria athallina (Hepp) Hellb.: (Thomson 1997, Catalina Isl. report)
=Toninia athallina
Catillaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1913b [H. E. Hasse, Santa Monica Range, Apr, 1914, Lichenes Exsiccati, Sullivant Moss Soc. 209, MU L-5706.]; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Thomson 2003)
=Catinaria atropurpurea
Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr.: (Santesson 1952; TJ)
=Fellhanera bouteillei
Catillaria columbiana (G. Merr.) W. J. Noble: (Noble 1980, 1982; Bowler et al. 1996)
=Megalaria columbiana
Catillaria endochroma (Fée) Zahlbr.: (Fink 1935, but based on a Mexican report by Tuckerman)
Synonyms: Heterothecium endochromum (Tuckerman [1888, p. 55], from Mexico)
Catillaria globulosa (Flörke) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Biatora globulosa fide Printzen 2004
Catillaria griffithii (Sm.) Malme: (Merrill 1923; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; TJ; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 179, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co.)
=Cliostomum griffithii
Catillaria laureri Hepp ex Th. Fr.: (Herre 1912b; Fink 1935; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=Megalaria laureri (but probably misidentifications of M. columbiana)
Catillaria lenticularis var. acrustacea Hepp: (Hasse 1908a)
=C. lenticularis
Catillaria lenticularis var. vulgaris (Körb.) Th. Fr.: (Bolander 1870; Hasse 1909, 1913b [as “f. vulgaris auct.”])
=C. nigroclavata
Catillaria prasina (Fr.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1942c)
=Micarea prasina
Catillaria subnigrata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; misidentifications;
=Micarea subnigrata, a European species, not in North America)
Catillaria tricolor (With.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b)
=Cliostomum griffithii for CA records

Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Vĕzda & Poelt: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 131]; Hafellner & Ryan 2004)
Synonyms: Biatora atropurpurea, Catillaria atropurpurea (Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Herre 1942c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Lindsay 1973; TJ), Lecidea atropurpurea

Catocarpon myriocarpum Mudd var. ecrustaceum (Leight.) Hasse: (Hasse 1908a, 1908b)
=Buellia punctata
Catocarpon myriocarpum var. punctiforme (Mudd) Fr.: (Hasse 1908a, 1908b)
=Buellia punctata

Catolechia wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körb.: Synonyms: Buellia pulchella (Hasse 1908b), B. wahlenbergii (TJ), Lecidea aliena var. pulchella (Hasse 1898a)

Cavernularia hultenii Degel.: (Ahti & Henssen 1965; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward et al. 1994; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 213, with color photograph]; Wright 2001a)
Cavernularia lophyrea (Ach.) Degel.: (Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Sweet 1983; Hale & Cole 1988; Goward et al. 1994; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 213, with color photograph]; Wright 2001a; Robertson 2002a)
Synonyms: Parmelia lophyrea Ach. (Herre 1946; Fink 1935)

Cercidospora lobothalliae Nav.-Ros. & Calat.: (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2004)
*Cercidospora macrospora (Uloth) Hafellner & Nav.-Ros.: Synonyms: C. ulothii (Triebel et al. 1991)
*Cercidospora ulothii Körb.: (Triebel et al. [1991] based on B. Ryan 12510, Eastern Brook Lakes, Mono Co., on Lecanora [subg. Placodium] sp.)
=C. macrospora

Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr.: (Herre 1944b; Tucker & Bratt 1996, based on S. Tucker 34580, on road to schoolhouse, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG; Tucker 2002; M. A. Howe, hills above Ocean View, S of Westminster, Orange Co., 10 Nov 1895, SBBG; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 213, with color photograph] showed it only in Washington on the West Coast)
Synonyms: Coelocaulon aculeatum, Cornicularia aculeata (Tucker & Kowalski 1975, based on S. Tucker 11036, 0.5 mi. from Dillon Beach, Marin Co., SBBG; TJ)
Cetraria muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt: (Robertson & Robertson [2002], based on J. & R. Robertson 4682, 5 km S of Stinson Beach, Mt. Tamalpais S. P., Marin Co., and J. & R. Robertson 2965, Chanslor Guest Ranch, Sonoma Co.; Kärnefelt 1986)
Synonyms: Coelocaulon muricatum (McCune & Geiser 1997)
Cetraria californica G. Merr. non Tuck.: (Merrill 1910)
=Kaernefeltia merrillii
Cetraria californica Tuck. non G. Merr.: (Tuckerman 1859; Nylander 1858–1860; Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Hue 1890; Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1895, 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903; Hasse 1905; Herre 1906, 1907; Orcutt 1907; Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Howe 1911; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ; Goward et al. 1994; West & Doell 1995)
=Kaernefeltia californica
Cetraria canadensis (Räsänen) Räsänen: (Esslinger 1973b; Tucker 1973; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
=Vulpicida canadensis
Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd.) Vain.: (TJ; Thomson 1984; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
Cetraria ciliaris Ach.: (TJ)
=Tuckermannopsis ciliaris, but CA reports may be misidentifications of T. orbata (fide B. Ryan)
Cetraria glauca (L.) Ach.: (TJ)
=Platismatia glauca
Cetraria herrei Imshaug: (TJ)
=Platismatia herrei
Cetraria idahoensis Essl.: (TJ)
=Esslingeriana idahoensis
Cetraria juniperina (L.) Ach.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Hansen 1896; Hasse 1903c; Herre 1906, 1910; Hasse 1913b; TJ)
=Vulpicida canadensis for CA records
Cetraria lacunosa Ach.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Hasse 1913b; TJ)
=Platismatia lacunosa
Cetraria merrillii Du Rietz: (TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=Kaernefeltia merrillii
Cetraria orbata (Nyl.) Fink: (TJ; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=Tuckermannopsis orbata
Cetraria pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle: (TJ; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=Ahtiana pallidula
Cetraria platyphylla Tuck.: (TJ; Goward et al. 1994; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=Tuckermannopsis platyphylla
Cetraria saepincola (Ehrh.) Ach.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Thomson 1984)
=Tuckermannopsis saepincola
Cetraria saepincola var. chlorophylla (Willd.) Schaer.: (Tuckerman 1882; Eckfeldt 1893; TJ)
=Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla
Cetraria scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch: (Jordan 1968)
=Tuckermannopsis saepincola (Ehrh.) Hale, an apotheciate species
Cetraria scutata auct. non (Wulfen) Poetsch: =Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla; CA reports such as Jordan [1968] may be based at least partly on this soraliate species
Cetraria stenophylla (Tuck.) G. Merr.: (TJ)
=Platismatia stenophylla
Cetraria tuckermanii Herre non Oakes: (Herre 1906, 1910; Fink 1935)
=Platismatia herrei Herre [1910] described his taxon as narrow-lobed which fits P. herrei, although it was called broad-lobed in his key
Cetraria viridis Schwein.: (Hale 1969)
=Vulpicida viridis (Hale [1969] erroneously indicated presence in CA; Mattsson [1993] reported it only in E U. S. west to Arkansas)

Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.: (Jovan & McCune 2004; C. cetrarioides has been reported previously S to Oregon [Goward 1999] so the report by Jovan & McCune [2004] extends the range)
Synonyms: Parmelia cetrarioides (Berry 1941; Herre 1942c, 1945, 1946; Nash [2002b, p. 509])
Note: The CA collections listed by Herre (1946) should be verified, because Herre misapplied the name Parmelia cetrarioides to specimens of Flavopunctelia praesignis from Sonora, Mexico.
Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.: (TJ; Ryan & Nash 2002, based on Hasse collections from S CA)
Synonyms: Parmelia olivaria (Herre 1912a; Merrill 1923; Herre 1946; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ), P. olivetorum (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903a, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ)
Note: This taxon is now probably extinct in CA.

Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell: (Goward 1999)
Synonyms: C. sulphurea (Wetmore 1985, based on C. Wetmore 50733, Sequoia N. P., junction of Crystal Cave Rd and General's Hwy, Tulare Co., MIN)
Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg.: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978 [based on record from Calaveras Co.]; TJ; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 222, in E central CA, color photograph]; Tucker 2002; C. Wetmore 50721, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., MIN)
Note: Tibell (1980) reported this taxon from Oregon, Washington, and eastern states.
Chaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg.: (Wetmore 1985; Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999 [in table]; C. Wetmore 50714, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., 11 May 1984; MIN)
Synonyms: C. carthusiae (synonym according to Tibell 1987)
Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1950a [f. melanocephala (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.]; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Baltzo [2002, repeating Jordan's report]; reports are all from central or N CA)
Synonyms: Cyphelium chrysocephalum
Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell: (Baltzo [2002] repeated Jordan [1968] report; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 222, with color photograph]; Tucker 2002; B. Ryan 22229, Redwood Experimental Forest, Mendocino Co., N of Cloverdale, Sonoma Co., ASU; reports are all from central or N CA)
Synonyms: Coniocybe furfuracea (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Jordan 1968; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; Tibell 1975; TJ)
Chaenotheca olivaceorufa Vain.: (Rikkinen [1998] for collections from Mendocino Co. and Humboldt Co.)
Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1912a [based on a Herre collection, from a redwood post, Oakland hills, 525 ft. elev.; F. T. Bioletti, Sonoma Co., UC]; Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Chaenotheca subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr.: (Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Tibell & Ryan 2004; B. Ryan 32166b, Rock Creek, Sierra Nat. Forest, Madera Co., ASU)
Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Jordan 1968; TJ; Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Baltzo [2002, repeating Jordan's report]; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv.: (Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Chaenotheca carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau: =C. chlorella (Wetmore 1985)
Chaenotheca pusilla (Ach.) Vain.: =Chaenothecopsis pusilla
Chaenotheca subpusilla (Vain.) Tibell: =Chaenothecopsis pusilla
Chaenotheca sulphurea (Retz.) Middelb. & Mattsson: (Wetmore 1985; C. Wetmore 50733, Sequoia N. P., junction of Crystal Cave Rd and General's Hwy, Tulare Co., MIN)
=C. brachypoda

†Chaenothecopsis debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell: (Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999; Robertson 2003b)
*Chaenothecopsis epithallina Tibell: (E. Peterson collections from Trinity Co.)
†Chaenothecopsis nana Tibell: (Tibell 1981; Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999; Tibell & Ryan 2004; B. Ryan 22231, near county airport, Mendocino Co., ASU)
#Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt: (Tibell 1980; Goward 1999; Thomson 2003; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Synonyms: Calicium pusillum (Hasse 1908b; Fink 1935; TJ), Chaenotheca pusilla, C. subpusilla (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
*Chaenothecopsis rubina Tibell: (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
†Chaenothecopsis savonica (Räsänen) Tibell: (Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
†Chaenothecopsis ussuriensis Titov: (Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
*Chaenothecopsis viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt: (Goward 1999; Peterson & Rikkinen 1999)
#Chaenothecopsis subpusilla (Vain.) Tibell: (Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
=C. pusilla

Chiodecton ochroleucum Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1900; Hasse 1903b, 1903f, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Hedrick 1933; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; TJ; Thor 1990; CA endemic)
Chiodecton subochroleucum Fink ex J. Hedrick: (Hedrick 1933; Fink 1935; TJ; CA endemic)
Note: This species was not mentioned by Thor (1990).
Chiodecton californicum Tuck.: (Tuckerman [1888, p. 135]; Hasse 1913b)
=Llimonaea californica (Sparrius 2004)
Chiodecton rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1903b)
=Cryptothecia rubrocincta, but misidentification for CA
Chiodecton sanguineum (Sw.) Vain.: (Hasse 1903b)
=Cryptothecia rubrocincta, but misidentification for CA

Chlorea californica Lév. ex Nyl.: (Nylander 1858; Hue 1890; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909; TJ)
=Letharia columbiana
Chlorea vulpina (L.) Nyl.: (Nylander 1858–1860)
=Letharia vulpina
Chlorea vulpina var. californica (Lév. ex Nyl.) Nyl.: =Letharia columbiana

Chrismofulvea dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach: (Marbach 2000 [Type: Bolander, CA])
Synonyms: Buellia dialyta (Tuckerman 1872, 1888; Fink 1935; Imshaug 1951; TJ; Thomson 2003)

Chromatochlamys muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt var. muscorum: (Robertson & Robertson [2002, based on J. & R. Robertson 3676, Guenoc Winery, over mosses in chaparral, Lake Co., !I. Brodo]; Mayrhofer 2002; T. Nash 32541, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
=Thelenella muscorum

Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon: (Wetmore 1985; Weber et al. 1987; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Hill 1997 [as “?”]; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 223, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a; Blauman 2004; Tønsberg 2004)
Synonyms: Lepraria candelaris
Chrysothrix granulosa G. Thor: (Tønsberg 2004)
Note: Tønsberg (2004) reported this species as common from Mexico to British Columbia.
Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon: Synonyms: Lepraria chlorina (Hale & Cole [1988], but probably an error for C. candelaris or C. granulosa; not mentioned for Sonoran region by Tønsberg [2004])

Cladidium bolanderi (Tuck.) B. D. Ryan: (Ryan 1989a; von Reis 1991; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 385–386]; CA endemic)
Synonyms: C. thamnitis, Lecanora bolanderi (Tuckerman 1864, 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Herre 1906, 1907; Hue 1909a; Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Lamb 1939; Herre 1942c, 1945; Volk 1963; TJ), Lecanora thamnitis (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Zahlbruckner 1903–1907; Herre 1906; Fink 1935; Lamb 1939; Herre 1942c; TJ), Polycauliona bolanderi (Hue 1909a) Polycauliona thamnitis (Hue 1909a)
Cladidium thamnitis (Tuck.) Hafellner: (Hafellner 1984)
=C. bolanderi

Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & W. L. Culb. subsp. beringiana (Ahti) N. S. Golubk.: (based on D. Wright 3079 [Wright 1992], coast near Dillon Beach, Marin Co., determined by T. Ahti; alternative identification as C. ciliata, which see)
Cladina ciliata (Stirt.) Trass: (Goward [1999] based on D. Wright 3007 [Wright 1992], coast near Dillon Beach, Marin Co., determined by J. Thomson; T. Ahti identified a sample from the same population as C. arbuscula subsp. beringiana)
Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann f. pacifica (Ahti) Ahti: (Brodo & Ahti 1996; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 225–226, with color photograph]; Robertson 2002a; Tucker 2002)
Synonyms: Cladina alpestris (Lindsay 1973)
Misapplied names: Cladina impexa, C. mitis, C. stellaris Cladonia impexa, C. mitis, C. stellaris
Cladina alpestris (L.) Nyl.: (Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=C. stellaris
Cladina impexa (Harm.) de Lesd.: (Lindsay 1973; TJ; name misapplied to CA collections of C. portentosa f. pacifica; for synonymy see Ahti [1984])
Cladina mitis (Sandst.) Hustich: (Herre 1945; Lindsay 1973; name misapplied to CA collections of C. portentosa f. pacifica)
Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo: (Goward 1999; not in CA, absent from western U. S. except Colorado fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 228]; Tucker [2002] indicated reports are probably errors for C. portentosa)
Synonyms: C. alpestris (Lindsay 1973), Cladonia alpestris (Thomson 1968a), C. stellaris (Thomson 1984)

Cladonia albonigra Brodo & Ahti: (Brodo & Ahti 1996; Goward 1999)
Cladonia artuata S. Hammer: (Hammer 1993, 1995; Brodo & Ahti 1996; S. Hammer 1007, vicinity of Hwy 408, Mendocino State Forest, Mendocino Co., ASU)
Misapplied names: C. carassensis, for CA records, in part
Cladonia asahinae J. W. Thomson: (Hammer 1994, 1995; Brodo & Ahti 1996; Doell & Wright 1996; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 238–239, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Cladonia bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück: (Goward 1999; not in S CA fide Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1882; Fink 1908, 1935; Thomson 1968a; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Thomson 1984; Hammer 1989c, 1994, 1995; Brodo & Ahti 1996; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 239, with color photograph]; Robertson 2002a; Blauman 2004)
Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng.: (Hasse 1898a; Fink 1906; Robbins 1931; TJ; Thomson 1984; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 242–243, with color photograph]; Thomson 2003)
Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr.: (Hammer 1989b, 1989c, 1995; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 243, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Cladonia cervicornis (Ach.) Flot. subsp. cervicornis: (Herre 1910; TJ; Hammer 1989c; Hammer & Ahti 1990 [CA implied but not definitely reported]; Goward 1999; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti: (Baltzo 1989; Hammer 1989c; von Reis 1991; McGee 1995; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 245–246, with color photograph]; Robertson 2002a, 2003a)
Synonyms: C. verticillata
Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.: (Hasse 1898a; Nylander 1900; Herre 1906, 1945; Robbins 1931; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Jordan 1968; Baltzo 1970; Bowler 1972; Thomson 1984; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Hammer 1989c; von Reis 1991; Doell & Wright 1996; Bratt 1997; McGee 1998; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 247, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a, 2003a; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: C. pyxidata var. chlorophaea (Hasse 1903a)
Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng.: (Jordan 1968; Thomson 1968a; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; Sigal 1975; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Thomson 1984; Sigal 1989; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 247, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: C. fimbriata var. tubaeformis
Cladonia conista (Nyl.) Robbins: (Robbins 1931; TJ; Hammer 1995; Wright 1997; Tucker 2002)
Note: Ahti (2000) and others included this taxon as a chemical variant of C. humilis.
Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. groenlandica (Å. E. Dahl) Ahti: (Hammer & Ahti 1990)
Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot.: (Fink 1904b; Herre 1910; Robbins 1927; Thomson 1968a; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; Hammer 1989c; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 249–250, with color photograph]; Robertson 2002a; Mendocino Co. collections [Malachowski; Robertson] are probably identified accurately, but those from other areas such as Santa Cruz [Herre 1910], and San Francisco [Bolander 30 in Robbins 1927] should be checked.)
Synonyms: C. japonica
Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot. var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vain.: (Goward 1999)
Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina: (Ryan & Nash 1991; none seen from CA by S. Hammer [personal communication])
Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm.: (Herre 1942c; TJ; Sweet 1983; Thomson 1984; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 251, with color photograph]; Tucker 2002; B. Ryan 25151, Marble Mountain Wilderness, 1.6 km along trail from Lovers Camp, Siskiyou Co., ASU; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 251] indicate that it is in CA near the Oregon border)
Cladonia dimorpha S. Hammer: (Hammer & Ahti 1990; Goward 1999; Ahti & Hammer 2002; S. Hammer SH1008, Hwy. 408 near Fire Station, Mendocino Co., ASU)
Cladonia extracorticata S. Hammer: (Hammer 1995; CA endemic)
Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1882; Orcutt 1885; Eckfeldt 1893; Hasse 1895 [var. tubaeformis]; McClatchie 1895; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903a; Orcutt 1903; Fink 1904a; Orcutt 1907, 1909; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Merrill 1923; Herre 1945, 1950a; Jordan 1968; Thomson 1968a; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Sweet 1983; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; Hammer 1989c, 1995; Ryan & Nash 1991; McGee 1995; Doell & Wright 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Hill 1997; McGee 1998; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 254, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004; not in Hammer 1995)
Synonyms: C. major fide Ahti [personal communication]
Cladonia fimbriata var. simplex (Weiss) Flot. ex Vain.: (Herre 1910, 1942a)
Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl.: (Hammer 1991, 1994, 1995; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995 [as “cf.”]; Hill 1996; Magney 1999; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Note: This taxon is locally common but known in CA from only one (possibly two) areas.
Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad.: (Tuckerman 1882; Orcutt 1885; Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1895, 1897; Hasse 1898a, 1903a; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Robbins 1931; Herre 1945; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Hammer 1989c, 1994; McGee 1995; Doell & Wright 1996; McGee 1998; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 255–256, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004; Robertson 2004)
Synonyms: C. furcata var. corymbosa (Hasse 1903a), C. herrei (synonymy fide S. Hammer, personal communication)
Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.: (Goward 1999; H. Peters 25, near Yountville, Napa Co., SFSU; is UV+; chemistry should be checked fide S. Hammer)
Cladonia hammeri Ahti: (Ahti & Hammer 2002; Knudsen 2005c)
Cladonia humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon: (Hale & Cole 1988; Hammer & Ahti 1990; Doell & Wright 1996; Goward 1999; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Synonyms: C. conistea (Yoshimura 1968b)
Cladonia lacryma S. Hammer: (Hammer 2001)
Cladonia macilenta Hoffm.: (Herre 1907, 1910, 1945; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958 [f. styracella]; Jordan 1968; Thomson 1968a; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Sweet 1983; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; Hammer 1989c; Hill 1997; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 259, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Doell 2002; Robertson 2002a, 2003a; Thomson 2003; Blauman 2004)
Synonyms: C. balfourii Cromb. non auct., C. macilenta var. bacillaris (Ahti & Hammer 2002; Baltzo 2002)
Cladonia macrophyllodes Nyl.: (Thomson 1984; Hammer 1995; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 260–261, with color photograph])
Cladonia merochlorophaea Asahina var. merochlorophaea: (Hammer 1995; Goward 1999)
Cladonia multiformis G. Merr.: (TJ; Thomson 1984 [shown on map]; Goward 1999; H. Thiers, Lime Cave near Cedarville, Modoc Co., no number or date, SFSU, !S. Tucker)
Synonyms: C. furcata var. racemosa Flörke (Fink 1935; Herre 1942a; but these records may be based on misidentifications)
Cladonia nashii Ahti: (Ahti & Hammer 2002; Robertson 2003b; T. Nash 34092, ridge above Blue Cavern Point, Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., determination by T. Ahti; McLeod P11912a, Cuesta Ridge, San Luis Obispo Co., ASU; B. Ryan 27136b, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., ASU)
Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke: (Merrill 1923; Thomson 1968a; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Doell & Wright 1996; Wright 1997; Goward 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 262–263, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Synonyms: C. fimbriata var. ochrochlora
Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon: (Hale 1979; in San Francisco Bay Area fide S. Hammer [personal communication])
Synonyms: C. capitata
Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaer.: (TJ; Thomson 1984, 2003, although S. Hammer [personal communication] doubted that it is in CA; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, p. 265])
Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) Grognot: (TJ; Bratt 1997; Goward 1999; Ahti & Hammer 2002; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, p. 266]; J. R. Shevock 12890, Table Mtn Fish & Game Preserve, Millerton Lake, Fresno Co., CAS)
Synonyms: C. pyxidata var. pocillum (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; TJ)
Note: the specific status of C. pocillum is in doubt; it may be an ecotype of the C. pyxidata complex fide Ahti & Hammer (2002, p. 151).
Cladonia poroscypha S. Hammer: (Hammer 1993, 1995; Brodo & Ahti 1996; R. Y. Wing 5109, Inverness, Marin Co., ASU; CA endemic)
Misapplied names: C. carassensis, for CA records, in part
Cladonia prolifica Ahti & S. Hammer: (Hammer & Ahti 1990; Hammer 1995; Brodo & Ahti 1996; Goward 1999)
Cladonia pulvinella S. Hammer: (Hammer 1995; Ahti [2000, p. 147]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Knudsen 2005c)
Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1882; Orcutt 1885; Eckfeldt 1893; Hansen 1895; Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1895; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903; Fink 1907; Orcutt 1907; Hasse 1908a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921; Thomson 1968a; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; Sigal 1975; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Thomson 1984; Weber et al. 1987; Hale & Cole 1988; Sigal 1989; Hammer 1989c; Bratt 1993; Hill 1997; Robertson et al. 1998 [as “cf.”]; Bratt 1999; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 267–268, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a; Tucker 2002; Robertson 2003a; Blauman 2004)
Synonyms: C. floccida?
Cladonia rei Schaer.: (Malachowski 1975; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Robertson 2002a; Blauman 2004; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, p. 269]; D. Wright, shore of Arcata Bay, Humboldt Co.)
Synonyms: C. nemoxyna, C. fimbriata var. nemoxyna
Note: According to S. Hammer, some records may be based on misidentifications of C. ochrochlora, C. subfimbriata, or C. verruculosa.
Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl.: (Robbins 1931; Thomson 1968a; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Sweet 1983; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; McGee 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Doell & Wright 1996; Bratt 1997; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 270, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Ahti & Hammer 2002)
Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm.: (Herre 1906, 1907, 1910; Thomson 1968a; TJ; Sweet 1983; Thomson 1984; Hammer 1989c, 1995; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 270, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Blauman 2004)
Synonyms: C. squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leight.) Vain. (Hammer 1989c, 1995; Robertson 2002a; Jovan & McCune 2004), C. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leight.) Cromb. (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; for synonymy, see Ahti & Hammer [2002, p. 153])
Cladonia subfimbriata Ahti: (Ahti & Hammer 2002; B. Ryan 11272, Esperanza Cyn, Santa Monica Mts, Los Angeles Co., ASU)
Cladonia subradiata (Vain.) Sandst.: (Tucker & Bratt 1996; Ahti & Hammer 2002; color photograph but out of range in Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 272–273]; B. Ryan 26365, 26382, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU; B. Ryan 32160, 32177, Sierra Nat. Forest, Madera Co., ASU; B. Ryan collections, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU)
Cladonia subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg.: (Thomson 1968a; Malachowski 1975; TJ; von Reis 1991; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 273, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Robertson 2002a; Thomson 2003; J. Linsdale 447 as C. fimbriata, Hastings Natural History Reserve, Monterey Co., 1944, UC, determination by S. Tucker)
Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr.: (Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 274–275, with color photograph]; Tucker 2002; may be misidentifications of C. peziziformis fide S. Hammer [personal communication])
Cladonia thiersii S. Hammer: (Hammer 1989a; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Magney 1999 [repeated earlier reports]; S. Hammer 3231, Kehoe Beach, Point Reyes, Marin Co., ASU; CA endemic)
Cladonia transcendens (Vain.) Vain.: (Evans 1951; Thomson 1968a; Yoshimura 1968b; Lindsay 1973; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Hammer 1989c, 1995; McGee 1998; Goward 1999; Baltzo 2002; Blauman 2004; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Cladonia umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti: (Brodo & Ahti 1996; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 276–277, with color photograph]; C. Bratt 3766, Point Lobos State Reserve, Monterey Co., SBBG)
Misapplied names (fide T. Ahti): C. polydactyla (most CA records)
Cladonia verruculosa (Vain.) Ahti: (Hammer & Ahti 1990; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 278, with color photograph]; Ahti & Hammer 2002; Jovan & McCune 2004; B. Ryan 26355, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., determination by S. Hammer)
Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh.: (Thomson 1968a)
=Cladina stellaris, but not in CA
Cladonia anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James: (Thomson 1984)
=C. ramulosa
Cladonia bacillaris Nyl.: (TJ; Hale & Cole 1988)
=C. macilenta var. bacillaris, but misidentifications for CA fide Hammer (1995)
Cladonia balfourii Cromb.: (TJ)
=C. macilenta
Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke: (Hasse 1908a, 1913b; Fink 1935; misidentifications for CA, since distributed only in eastern U. S. fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 242])
Cladonia capitata (Michx.) Spreng.: (TJ)
=C. peziziformis
Cladonia carassensis Vain.: (Herre 1944c; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958 [“f. subulata (Sandst.) Evans”]; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Hammer 1989c [as s. lat.]; Robertson 2002a)
Note: According to Hammer (1993), North American records of this species are based on misidentifications. Hammer proposed two new species, C. artuata and C. poroscypha, for these records.
Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer.: (TJ; Thomson 1984; based on misidentifications fide Hammer [1995] and Tucker [2002]; not in CA, only in Washington state and interior North America fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 245, with color photograph])
Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd.: (Ryan & Nash 1991; S. Hammer [personal communication] doubted presence in CA strongly; report needs to be verified)
Cladonia conistea (Delise) Asahina: (Yoshimura 1968b; TJ; not in Hammer 1995)
=C. humilis
Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm.: (Fink 1935; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Thomson 1984; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 249, with color photograph]; misidentifications fide S. Hammer, personal communication, 1997)
Synonyms: C. cornuta subsp. cornuta, C. fimbriata var. cornuta
Cladonia degenerans (Flörke) Spreng.: (Robbins 1931; Herre 1942c)
=C. phyllophora, but misidentifications for CA
Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm.: (Robbins [1931]; not in range fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 252, but with color photograph]; collections should be verified)
Cladonia elongata (Jacq.) Hoffm.: (TJ; CA reports questionable fide S. Hammer [personal communication])
=C. gracilis var. elongata
Cladonia fimbriata var. nemoxyna (Ach.) Coem.: (Hasse 1915b; Wheeler 1938)
=C. rei, but misidentifications for CA
Cladonia fimbriata var. ochrochlora (Flörke) Vain.: (Hasse 1915b; Fink 1935)
=C. ochrochlora
Cladonia fimbriata var. tubaeformis (Mudd) Vain.: (Hasse 1903a; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1910)
=C. coniocraea
Cladonia flabelliformis (Flörke) Vain.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; TJ)
=C. polydactyla, but misidentifications for CA
Cladonia floccida Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; TJ)
=C. pyxidata?
Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd.: (Fink 1935; TJ)
=C. robbinsii?, but misidentifications for CA
Cladonia furcata var. corymbosa (Ach.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1903a)
=C. furcata
Cladonia furcata var. racemosa Flörke: (Fink 1935; Herre 1942a)
=C. multiformis, but possibly misidentifications for CA
Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Fink 1905; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1942c, 1945; TJ; Thomson 1984; not in CA fide S. Hammer [personal communication])
Cladonia herrei Fink ex J. Hedrick: (Hedrick 1934; Herre 1942c; TJ)
=C. furcata fide I. Brodo and S. Hammer
Cladonia impexa Harm.: (Thomson 1968a; Tucker 1973; Malachowski 1975; misidentifications of Cladina portentosa f. pacifica)
Cladonia japonica Vain.: (McCune & Geiser 1997)
=C. crispata var. crispata (synonymy in Brodo & Ahti 1996)
Cladonia krempelhuberi Vain.: (Robbins 1931; a misidentification, since this is an Asian species, and not known from North America)
Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. var. bacillaris (Genth.) Schaer.: (Ahti & Hammer 2002 [for synonymy; CA is not specified]; Baltzo 2002)
=C. macilenta
Cladonia major (K. G. Hagen) Sandst.: (Robbins 1931; Thomson 1968a; TJ; Thomson 1984; Hale & Cole 1988)
=C. fimbriata (synonymy fide Ahti [personal communication])
Cladonia mitis Sandst.: (Herre 1945; misidentification of Cladina portentosa f. pacifica)
Cladonia nemoxyna Ach.: (Robbins 1931; Thomson 1968a; Malachowski 1975)
=C. rei, but misidentifications for CA
Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm.: (TJ; Hammer 1989c [Hammer later, personal communication, called it a misidentification, cited in Tucker 2002]; Goward 1999)
Synonyms: C. degenerans
Cladonia pityrea (Flörke) Fr.: (Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942c; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=C. ramulosa
Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng.: (TJ; Hammer [1989c, as s. l.])
= misidentifications for North America. Most CA collections under this name are referable to C. umbricola fide T. Ahti.
Cladonia pyxidata var. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Flörke: (Hasse 1903a)
=C. chlorophaea
Cladonia pyxidata f. lophyra Coem.: (Hasse 1908a)
=C. pyxidata
Cladonia pyxidata f. syntheta Ach.: (Hasse 1908a)
=C. pyxidata
Cladonia pyxidata var. pocillum (Ach.) Flot.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Moxley 1921)
=C. pocillum
Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon: (Baltzo 1989)
Synonyms: C. anomaea, C. pityrea (Hasse 1913b; Herre 1942c; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; TJ; but reports based on misidentifications fide S. Hammer [personal communication, 1997] who saw no specimens from CA)
Cladonia robbinsii A. Evans: (Herre 1950a; Thomson 2003
= misidentifications; eastern only fide Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 269–270, with color photograph])
Cladonia santensis Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Willey 1873a; TJ; misidentifications)
Cladonia sobolifera (Harm.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; Fink 1935)
=C. strepsilis (Ach.) Vain. but misidentifications
Cladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leight.) Vain.: (Hammer 1989c, 1995; Robertson 2002a; Jovan & McCune 2004)
=C. squamosa
Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vĕzda: (Thomson 1984)
=Cladina stellaris, but not in CA
Cladonia stricta (Nyl.) Nyl.: (Thomson 1984; not known from CA fide S. Hammer [personal communication])
Cladonia subcariosa Nyl.: (Fink 1935; misidentifications)
Cladonia subcervicornis (Vain.) Kernst.: (TJ; not in Hammer 1995; misidentifications for North America fide T. Ahti)
Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leight.) Cromb.: nom. illeg. non Kremp. (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988)
=C. squamosa (for distinctions between this species and C. subsquamosa Kremp see Ahti & Hammer 2002, p. 153, 156)
Cladonia tubaeformis Hoffm.: (Hasse 1913b; misidentifications)
Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a [as var. phyllocephala Flot.]; Fink 1904c; Herre 1906, 1907, 1910; Hasse 1915b [as var. phyllocephala Flot.]; Merrill 1923; Robbins 1931; Herre 1945; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; Lindsay 1973; Thomson 1984)
=C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata
Cladonia verticillata f. phyllophora Sandst.: (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958)
=C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata

Clauzadea monticola (Ach. ex Schaer.) Hafellner & Bellemere: Synonyms: Lecidea fuscorubens (Herre 1944b, but Herre misapplied this name to a collection [C. L. Brown 153, 4 mi. NW of Valley, Marin Co., F] Porpidia thomsonii), Lecidea monticola, Protoblastenia monticola

Clavascidium umbrinum (Breuss) Breuss: (Breuss & Bratt 2001; Breuss 2002)
Synonyms: Catapyrenium umbrinum

Cliostomum flavidulum Hafellner & Kalb: (Tønsberg 1998)
Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins: (Gowan 1990; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 279, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Tucker 2002; Ekman 2004)
Synonyms: Biatora mixta (Hasse 1896, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907), B. mixta var. pacifica, Catillaria griffithii (Merrill 1923; Volk 1963; Jordan 1968; TJ)
Misapplied names: C. tricolor (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b), Lecidea tricolor (Hasse 1898a)

Coccotrema pocillarium (C. E. Cumm.) Brodo: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995, on soil along coastal bluffs, Sonoma Co.; Magney [1999] reported same collection; dubious report, because range is coastal Pacific northwest fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 281, and it is reported on bark rather than on rock]; discussed in Tucker 2002)

Coelocaulon aculeatum (Schreb.) Link: (Goward 1999)
=Cetraria aculeata
Coelocaulon muricatum (Ach.) J. R. Laundon: (McCune & Geiser 1997)
=Cetraria muricata

Coenogonium luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking: Synonyms: Dimerella lutea (Herre 1944b; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 302, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a; Thomson 2003; Ryan & Nimis 2004) Microphiale lutea
Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch: Synonyms: Microphiale diluta (Herre 1944b [C. L. Brown, Larkspur, Marin Co., 21 Mar 1943, F; !S. Tucker])
Coenogonium interpositum Nyl.: (Stizenberger 1895; TJ; dubious report for this species otherwise known from SE U. S.)

Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel.: (Schultz et al. 2004)
Misapplied names (fide Schultz et al. 2004): C. pulposum (Hasse 1896, 1898a, 1913b)
Collema coccophorum Tuck.: (Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Hasse 1898a, 1906; Orcutt 1909; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 283–284, with color photograph]; Schultz et al. 2004; T. Nash 8443, 3 km SW of Parker Dam on Colorado River, San Bernardino Co., MIN, ASU)
Synonyms: Synechoblastus coccophorus
Collema conglomeratum Hoffm.: (Nylander 1900; Wetmore 1985, based on C. Wetmore 50485, Sequoia N. P., Tulare Co., MIN; “widely distributed” fide Brodo et al. 2001)
Collema crispum (Huds.) F. H. Wigg.: (Hasse 1903c; Herre 1912b; Degelius 1954, 1974; TJ; Goward et al. 1994; Wright 1997 [as “cf.”]; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. 2001; Schultz et al. 2004)
Synonyms: C. cheileum
Collema crispum var. metzleri (Arnold) Degel.: (Degelius 1974; TJ)
Collema cristatum (L.) F. H. Wigg.: (Schultz et al. 2004; color photograph but no CA record in Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 284–285])
Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz: (Jordan 1968; Baltzo 1970; Lindsay 1973; Degelius 1974; Tucker & Kowalski 1975; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; von Reis 1991; McGee 1995; Doell & Wright 1996; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Wright 1997; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 285, with color photograph]; McGee 2001; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a; Jovan & McCune 2004; Schultz et al. 2004)
Collema furfuraceum var. luzonense (Räsänen) Degel.: (Degelius 1974, p. 181; TJ)
Collema fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon: (Schultz et al. 2004; C. Wetmore 16790, 2 mi N of Coldbrook Station, Angeles Nat. Forest, Tulare Co., 18 June 1967, MIN; B. Ryan 26378, San Gabriel Wilderness, Los Angeles Co., ASU)
Synonyms: C. tuniforme (Tucker & Kowalski 1975; TJ)
Collema limosum (Ach.) Ach.: (Tuckerman 1882; Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1906; Hasse 1913b; Degelius 1974, p. 52; TJ; Schultz et al. 2004)
Synonyms: C. glaucescens
Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872, 1882; Hasse 1895; McClatchie 1895, 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1906, 1907; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Jordan 1968; Baltzo 1970; Degelius 1974; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; Weber et al. 1987; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Goward et al. 1994; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Hill 1997; Wright 1997; McGee 1998; Wright 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 285, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a; Thomson 2003; Jovan & McCune 2004; Schultz et al. 2004)
Synonyms: C. nigrescens var. leucopeplum, C. vespertilio
Collema occultatum Bagl. var. populinum (Th. Fr.) Degel.: (Degelius 1974; TJ; A. Henssen 13763a, 4 mi N of Barona, San Diego Co., Lichenes Cyanophili Exsiccati #2, Botanical Institute, Univ. of Marburg, Germany; in Arizona and Baja California but not reported from CA fide Schultz 2004)
Collema polycarpon Hoffm.: (Degelius 1974; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 286, with color photograph]; Schultz et al. 2004; J. R. Shevock 17156, Marble Fork, Kaweah River, across canyon from Inspiration Point, Tulare Co., ASU; H. Thiers 33611, Decker Cyn Rd, Ventura Co., ASU)
Misapplied names: C. aggregatum of early collectors
Collema subflaccidum Degel.: (TJ; Tucker 2002; Jovan & McCune 2004; Schultz et al. 2004; B. Ryan 21930b, N of Baywood Park, N side of Los Osos, San Luis Obispo Co., ASU)
Synonyms: C. subfurvum (Degelius [1954] was cited in TJ, but included no CA reference)
Collema subnigrescens Degel.: (Degelius 1974; TJ)
Collema subnigrescens Degel. f. caesium (Clemente) Degel.: (Schultz et al. 2004; B. Ryan 21930a, N of Baywood Park, San Luis Obispo Co., ASU, determination by M. Schultz)
Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach.: (TJ; von Reis 1991; Goward et al. 1994; Bowler et al. 1996, as “cf.”; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 287, with color photograph]; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003b, 2004; Schultz et al. 2004)
Synonyms: C. pulposum
Collema tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel.: (TJ)
Synonyms: C. cristatellum, Leptogium cristatellum
Collema texanum Tuck.: (TJ; Weber et al. 1987)
Synonyms: Synechoblastus laciniatus (Fink 1935)
Note: California is not included in the distribution of this species by Schultz et al. (2004), who did not comment on the Riverside Co. record of Weber et al.
Collema undulatum Laurer ex Flot.: (Wetmore 1985, based on C. Wetmore 50813, Sequoia N. P., Ladybug Cpgd 2 mi. E of South Fork Ranger Station, Tulare Co., 12 May 1984, MIN; on west Coast from British Columbia north fide Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 287–288, with color photograph])
Collema aggregatum (Ach.) Nyl.: (McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1909; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; probably misidentifications of C. polycarpon)
Collema chalazanum Ach.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Lempholemma chalazanum
Collema cheileum (Ach.) Ach.: (Hasse 1898a, 1913b; Orcutt 1909; Fink 1935)
=C. crispum
Collema cheileum Ach. f. monocarpum Nyl.: (Hasse 1903c)
=C. crispum
Collema confertum Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Lempholemma confertum
Collema cristatellum Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1882; Herre 1906, 1907, 1910; Fink 1935)
=C. tenax var. corallinum
Collema fasciculare (L.) F. H. Wigg.: (Hasse 1906, 1913b; TJ; but misidentifications for CA)
Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach.: (Hasse 1895, 1898a; Orcutt 1903, 1907; TJ; Goward et al. 1994; probably misidentifications, as C. flaccidum is mostly from the eastern U. S.)
Collema glaucescens Hoffm.: (Herre 1910)
=C. limosum
Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl.: (Hasse 1913b)
=C. leucocarpum Hook. f. & Taylor, but misidentifications for North America
Collema myriococcum Ach.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Lempholemma polyanthes
Collema nigrescens var. leucopeplum Tuck.: (Hasse 1903c, as “leucopipta”)
=C. pulchellum var. leucopeplum
Collema pulchellum Ach. var. leucopeplum (Tuck.) Degel.: (Degelius 1974; TJ; an accepted name but not reported in CA fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 286]; discussed in Tucker 2002)
Synonyms: C. nigrescens var. leucopeplum
Collema pulchellum Ach. var. subnigrescens (Müll. Arg.) Degel.: (Degelius 1974; not in CA fide Brodo et al. [2001, p. 286]; discussed in Tucker 2002)
Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach.: (Hasse 1896; McClatchie 1897; Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1907; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b)
=C. tenax
Note: According to Schultz et al. (2004) Hasse's material is referable to C. bachmanianum, which is similar to C. tenax but pale, with lobulate apothecial margins.
Collema tuniforme (Ach.) Ach.: (Tucker & Kowalski 1975; TJ)
=C. fuscovirens
Collema verruciforme Nyl.: (Hasse 1903c; misidentifications for North America according to Degelius [1954])
Collema vespertilio (Lightf.) Vain.: (Herre 1906, 1907, 1910)
=C. nigrescens

Collemodium fragile (Taylor) Nyl. ex Cromb.: (Hasse 1906)
=Leptogium fragile Nyl., but misidentifications for CA
Collemodium plicatile (Ach.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Leptogium plicatile
Collemodium schraderi (Bernh.) Nyl.: (Hasse 1903c)
=Leptogium schraderi (Bernh.) Nyl., but misidentification for CA
Collemodium turgidum Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Leptogium plicatile

Collemopsidium elegans (R. Sant.) Grube & B. D. Ryan: (Grube & Ryan 2002)
Synonyms: Pyrenocollema elegans
Collemopsidium halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B. D. Ryan: (Grube & Ryan 2002)
Synonyms: Arthopyrenia halodytes (Herre 1907; Fink 1935; TJ), Collemopsidium halodytes, Pyrenocollema halodytes (R. Harris 1975)
Collemopsidium sublitorale (Leight.) Grube & B. D. Ryan: (Grube & Ryan 2002)
Synonyms: Arthopyrenia sublitoralis (Thomson 1997), Pyrenocollema sublitorale
Misapplied names: Arthopyrenia litoralis (Herre 1942a)

Collemopsis arnoldiana Nyl.: (Hasse 1906; misidentifications of Psorotichia hassei)
Collemopsis schaereri (A. Massal.) Cromb.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Psorotichia schaereri
Collemopsis segregata Nyl.: (Hasse 1898a; Orcutt 1909)
=Psorotichia segregata but misidentifications for CA
Note: According to Schultz (2004, p. 321), the name Collemopsis segregata Nyl. was misapplied by Hasse to specimens of Lempholemma chalazanum (Hasse Exs. No. 892).

Combea californica (Th. Fr.) Follmann & M. Geyer: (von Reis 1991)
=Schizopelte californica

Coniocybe furfuracea (L.) Ach.: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Jordan 1968; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ)
=Chaenotheca furfuracea

Cornicularia normoerica (Gunnerus) Du Rietz: (Sigal & Toren 1974; TJ; Goward 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 289, with color photograph]; Carlberg [2003] based on T. Carlberg 633, Broken Rib Mtn Botanical Area, Six Rivers Nat. Forest, Del Norte Co.)
Cornicularia aculeata (Schreb.) Ach.: (Tucker & Kowalski 1975; Thomson 1984)
=Cetraria aculeata
Cornicularia californica (Tuck.) Du Rietz: (Du Rietz 1926; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; Malachowski 1975)
=Kaernefeltia californica

Cresponea chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente: (Egea & Torrente 1993b; Baltzo 2002; Thomson 2003; Egea et al. 2004)
Synonyms: Lecanactis chloroconia, L. premnea var. chloroconia
Misapplied names: Bacidia acclinis (Herre 1944b [C. L. Brown 2951, W of Larkspur, Marin Co.]), Lecanactis premnea (TJ for CA records)
Cresponea premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente: (probably = C. chloroconia for CA)

#Crocynia moxleyi Plitt: (Plitt 1923; TJ)
=Septobasidium sp., a non-lichenized fungus

Cypheliopsis bolanderi (Tuck.) Vain.: (Zahlbruckner 1903–1907; Fink 1935; Herre 1957; Volk 1963; TJ)
=Thelomma mammosum

Cyphelium brunneum W. A. Weber: (Weber 1967b; TJ; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Magney [1999] repeated earlier report; Tibell & Ryan 2004; B. Ryan 31272, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Cyphelium chloroconium (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Fink 1935; Weber 1967b; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 292]; Tibell & Ryan 2004; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Acolium chloroconium (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Tuckerman 1872; Willey 1873a; Tuckerman 1888; TJ), Trachylia chloroconium (Hasse 1903c)
Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevis.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 292, with color photograph]; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Synonyms: Acolium tympanellum, Trachylia tympanella
Cyphelium karelicum (Vain.) Räsänen: (B. Ryan 25192, Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU; B. Ryan 11311b, 1 km W of Lassen Volcanic N. P., Shasta Co., ASU)
Cyphelium lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.: (Tucker & Bratt 1996 [based on B. Ryan 27084, Monterey Co., ASU]; Tibell & Ryan 2004; B. Ryan 23422, Desolation Wilderness, El Dorado Co., ASU; color photograph but no CA report in Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 292–293])
Cyphelium notarisii (Tul.) Blomb. & Forss.: (Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Synonyms: C. brachysporum (synonymy fide Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Cyphelium pinicola Tibell: (Tibell & Ryan 2004; C. Bratt 4911, Pine Mtn Ridge, Ventura Co., determined by L. Tibell; B. Ryan 26189, Mt. Mooney Rd, San Gabriel Mts, Los Angeles Co., ASU, determined by L. Tibell)
Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach.: (Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Thomson 2003; Robertson 2004; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Synonyms: Acolium tigillare
Cyphelium trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth. & Rostr.) Erichsen: (Tibell 1978a; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 292]; Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Cyphelium andersonii Herre: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
=Thelomma californicum
Cyphelium bolanderi (Tuck.) Vain.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958)
=Thelomma mammosum
Cyphelium brachysporum Nádv.: (Nádvornik 1942; Weber 1967b; TJ; B. Ryan 31340, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
=C. notarisii (synonymy fide Tibell & Ryan 2004)
Cyphelium caliciforme (Flot.) Zahlbr.: (Weber 1967b; TJ)
=Thelomma occidentale
Cyphelium californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1903–1907; Herre 1910; Fink 1935; Volk 1963; Weber 1967b; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=Thelomma californicum
Cyphelium carolinianum (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1908b; Lindsay 1973; TJ)
=Thelomma carolinianum, but based on misidentifications fide Tibell & Ryan 2004
Cyphelium chrysocephalum (Turner ex Ach.) Chev.: (Tuckerman 1872)
=Chaenotheca chrysocephala
Cyphelium farlowii (Tuck. ex Herre) Herre: (Herre 1910; Fink 1935)
=Thelomma californicum Herre (Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Weber 1967b; TJ)
Cyphelium occidentale Herre: (Herre 1910; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Weber 1967b; TJ)
=Thelomma occidentale
Cyphelium sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr.: (Fink 1935; Weber 1967b)
=Texosporium sancti-jacobi

*Cystobasidium hypogymniicola Diederich & Ahti

CYSTOBASIDIUM (Diederich 2003, 2004; S. Tucker 35479, Soda Springs Ranger Station, near Lake Pillsbury, Lake Co., on Hypogymnia imshaugii; S. Tucker 31841, Indian Valley Cpgd 10.7 mi. W of Downieville, Tahoe Nat. Forest, Sierra Co. on Hypogymnia imshaugii, both SBBG, determinations by P. Diederich)

*Cystobasidium usneicola Diederich & Alstrup

(Diederich 2003, 2004 [Mendocino Co. collection on Usnea]; E. Palmer, 1888, San Diego Co., on Usnea, SBBG, determination by P. Diederich)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Dactylina madreporiformis (Ach.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman [1866, Rocky Mts]; erroneously reported for CA by Fink [1935])

*Dactylospora inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner: Synonyms: Buellia inquilina (Willey 1873a; Hasse 1912, 1915b)
*Dactylospora parasitica (Flörke) Zopf: (Tuckerman [1866, p. 26, citing specimen collected by Bolander probably near San Diego fide Hafellner (2004)]; Weber et al. [1987, as Leciographa cf. parasitica, see Egan 1989 for comment]; Baltzo [2002, listing D. parasitica as a synonym of Opegrapha rupestris])
Synonyms: Buellia parasitica
Misapplied names: Leciographa parasitica (records from bark)
Note: Hafellner (2004) called for a reinvestigation of the collections by Bolander and by Weber to verify that D. parasitica occurs in the Sonoran region. The expected hosts are Pertusaria and Ochrolechia.
*Dactylospora pleiosperma Triebel: (Hafellner et al. 2002; Hafellner 2004; on Lecanora caesiorubella; CA endemic)

Dendriscocaulon sp.: (Tønsberg & Goward 2001; Jovan & McCune 2004)
Dendriscocaulon intricatulum (Nyl.) Henssen: (Malachowski [1975, as D. intricatum]; TJ; Wright 1997, 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 295, with color photograph]; Robertson & Robertson [2001, from Marin, Mendocino, and Sonoma counties])
Note: According to Tønsberg & Goward (2001) this name is misapplied to an undescribed western American species.

Dendrographa alectoroides Sundin & Tehler: (Brodo et al. [2001, p. 297]; Tehler 2002)
Dendrographa alectoroides Sundin & Tehler f. alectoroides: (Sundin & Tehler 1996; Wright 1996; Lohtander et al. 1998; Tehler 2002; CA endemic)
Dendrographa alectoroides f. parva Sundin & Tehler: (Bowler et al. 1996; Sundin & Tehler 1996; Wright 1996; Lohtander et al. 1998; Tehler 2002; CA endemic)
Misapplied names: D. minor (in some reports)
Dendrographa leucophaea (Tuck.) Darb.: (Darbishire 1895, 1898; Hasse 1898a, 1903a, 1903d; Zahlbruckner 1903–1907; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Darbishire 1935; Fink 1935; Herre 1945; TJ; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Lohtander et al. 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 297, with color photograph]; Tehler 2002)
Synonyms: Roccella leucophaea
Dendrographa leucophaea f. leucophaea: (Sundin & Tehler 1996; Tehler 2002)
Dendrographa leucophaea f. minor (Darb.) Sundin & Tehler: (Hill 1996; Sundin & Tehler 1996; Wright 1996; Lohtander et al. 1998; Bratt 1999; Tucker 1999; Tehler 2002)
Synonyms: D. minor Darb.
Dendrographa minor Darb.: (TJ; West & Doell 1995; Wright 1996; Robertson & Robertson 2001)
=D. leucophaea f. minor; many reports are based on D. alectoroides f. parva; Herre's reports of fertile material are based on D. leucophaea f. leucophaea or D. alectoroides f. alectoroides, since f. minor and f. parva are sterile

Dermatocarpon americanum Vain.: (Doell et al. 1999 [as “cf.”]; Heiðmarsson 2000; Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004; C. Wetmore 73929 [determination by S. Heiðmarsson 1998] Santa Rosa Isl.: Old Ranch Cyn, 5 Jan 1994; MIN; B. Ryan 21919, Muir Beach, Marin Co., ASU; B. Ryan 25497, trail through Big Meadows, edge of Marble Mountain Wilderness, Siskiyou Co., ASU; see also D. miniatum)
Synonyms: D. intestiniforme, D. leptophyllum, D. miniatum var. complicatum, D. polyphyllum
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004)
Synonyms: D. lorenzianum (Breuss & McCune 1994; synonymy in Heiðmarsson 2000)
Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon: (Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 297–298, with color photograph]; Tucker 2002; Robertson 2004; B. Ryan 24666, end of Clark Fork Rd, edge of Carson-Iceberg Wilderness, Alpine Co., ASU)
Synonyms: D. aquaticum (Herre 1906; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a), D. fluviatile (Herre 1910; TJ), D. weberi (Hale & Cole 1988)
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum Vain.: (Glavich & Geiser 2004)
Dermatocarpon moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr.: (B. Ryan 24141, Emigrant Wilderness, Tuolumne Co., ASU; T. Carlberg collection, Six Rivers Nat. Forest, Del Norte Co.; K. Knudsen 489, San Jacinto Mts, Riverside Co., UCR; not mentioned for S CA by Heiðmarsson & Breuss [2004])
Dermatocarpon reticulatum H. Magn.: (Baltzo 1970; Tucker & Kowalski 1975; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; Baltzo 1989; Doell et al. 1999; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 299, with color photograph]; Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004)
Dermatocarpon rivulorum (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.: (Ryan & Nash 1991; B. Ryan 12611a, 12617a, Eastern Brook Lakes Watershed, Inyo Co., ASU; B. Ryan 32113, Brown's Creek, Sierra Nat. Forest, Madera Co., ASU; J. R. Shevock 17571, Kern Plateau, Tulare Co., ASU)
Dermatocarpon taminium Heiðmarsson: (Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004)
Dermatocarpon acarosporoides Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1902; Hasse 1903f, 1913b; Fink 1935; TJ; Breuss 1996)
=Placidium acarosporoides
Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Weiss) Zahlbr.: (Herre 1906; Fink 1935; Herre 1950a)
=D. luridum
Dermatocarpon cinereum (Pers.) Th. Fr.: (Fink 1935; Sigal 1975; TJ; Thomson 1984)
=Catapyrenium cinereum
Dermatocarpon contumescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1906)
=Placidium acarosporoides
Dermatocarpon fluviatile (Weber) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; TJ)
=D. luridum
Dermatocarpon guepinii (Delise) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870)
=Peltula euploca
Dermatocarpon hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Sigal 1975; TJ; Breuss 1990 for synonymy)
=Catapyrenium cinereum
Dermatocarpon hepaticum auct. non (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Breuss [1990] for synonymy)
=Placidium squamulosum
Dermatocarpon heppioides Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1912b; Hasse 1915a; Fink 1935; Herre 1944b; TJ)
=Placopyrenium heppioides
Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (Körb.) Hasse: (Hasse 1912, 1913b; TJ; Ryan & Nash 1991; Wright 1997; Robertson 2004; Blauman 2004)
=D. americanum (synonymy in Heiðmarsson 2000)
Dermatocarpon lachneum (Ach.) A. L. Sm.: (Thomson 1984; Weber et al. 1987; Sigal 1989; misidentifications of Placidium spp., especially Placidium lacinulatum)
Dermatocarpon lecideoides (A. Massal.) Hasse: (Hasse 1915b; TJ)
=Verrucaria lecideoides
Dermatocarpon leptophyllum (Ach.) K. G. W. Lång: (T. Nash 8099, along Hwy 108, 1.6 km W of Sonora Pass, Tuolumne Co., ASU)
=D. americanum (synonymy in Heiðmarsson 2000)
Dermatocarpon lorenzianum Anders: (Breuss & McCune 1994)
=D. leptophyllodes
Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann: (Tuckerman 1866; Bolander 1870; Herre 1906; Hasse 1908b; Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Imshaug 1957; Baltzo 1970; Pinelli & Jordan 1978; TJ; Baltzo 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Wright 1997; McGee 1998; Robertson et al. 1998; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 298–299, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2003a, 2003b; Blauman 2004; most collections labeled D. miniatum from North America are D. americanum fide Heiðmarsson 2000, Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004)
Synonyms: Endocarpon miniatum
Dermatocarpon miniatum var. complicatum (Sw.) Th. Fr.: (Herre 1906, 1910; Hasse 1913b; Sigal 1975; TJ; Sigal 1989)
=D. americanum (fide Heiðmarsson [2000, fourth paper in thesis]; Heiðmarsson & Breuss 2004)
Dermatocarpon polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.: (Fink 1935)
=D. americanum
Dermatocarpon rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr.: (Hasse 1908b, 1913b; Parish 1914; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Placidium rufescens
Dermatocarpon squamellum (Nyl.) Herre: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1915b; Fink 1935; Sigal & Toren 1976; TJ)
=Catapyrenium squamellum
Dermatocarpon weberi (Ach.) W. Mann: (Hale & Cole 1988)
=D. luridum
Dermatocarpon zahlbruckneri Hasse: (Hasse 1913a; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri

Desmazieria cephalota (Tuck.) Follmann & Huneck: (Lindsay 1973)
=Niebla cephalota
Desmazieria ceruchis (Ach.) Trevis.: (Lindsay 1973)
=Niebla ceruchis

Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold & Hertel: (Robertson 2002a; B. Shervanick 38, near Alpine Lake, Marin Co., CAS)
Synonyms: Baeomyces roseus

Dievernia lacera (With.) Bowler & Riefner: (Bowler & Riefner 1995)
=Ramalina lacera

Dimelaena californica (H. Magn.) Sheard: (Sheard 1974, 1977; TJ; Hale & Cole 1988; von Reis 1991; Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 301]; Mayrhofer & Sheard 2004)
Synonyms: Rinodina californica
Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman: (Argus & Sheard 1972; Sheard 1974, 1977; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 300, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Robertson & Robertson 2001; Robertson 2003b; Mayrhofer & Sheard 2004)
Synonyms: Lecanora oreina, Rinodina oreina
Dimelaena radiata (Tuck.) Müll. Arg.: (Sheard 1974; Sigal 1975; Sheard 1977; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Sigal 1989; von Reis 1991; McGee 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Hill 1996; Bratt 1997; Tucker 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 300–301, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001, 2002c; Doell 2002; Rico et al. 2003; Mayrhofer & Sheard 2004; Robertson 2004; color photograph on front cover of CALS Bulletin 6[1], 1999)
Synonyms: Rinodina radiata (TJ for references)
Dimelaena thysanota (Tuck.) Hale & W. L. Culb.: (Sheard 1974, 1977; TJ; Bowler et al. 1996; Doell et al. 1999; Robertson 2001; Robertson & Robertson 2001; Mayrhofer & Sheard 2004; Robertson 2004)
Synonyms: Lecanora thysanota, Rinodina thysanota
Dimelaena weberi Sheard: (Sheard & Mayrhofer 1984; Mayrhofer & Sheard 2004; T. Nash 32580, Santa Cruz Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)

Dimerella lutea (Dicks.) Trevis.: (Herre 1944b; Jordan 1968; Lindsay 1973; TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 302, with color photograph]; Baltzo 2002; Robertson 2002a; Thomson 2003; Ryan & Nimis 2004)
=Coenogonium luteum

Diploicia canescens (Dicks.) A. Massal.: (Bratt 1984, 1987, 1993; Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Wright 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 302–303, with color photograph]; Doell 2002; Univ. Colo. Lich. Exs. 184, Irvine Ranch, Morro Cyn, Orange Co.; also old collections labeled Pyxine sorediata from CA [Hasse 1903c, 1913b] may belong here; see Bratt 1984)

Diploschistes actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr.: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Volk 1963; Baltzo 1970; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Wright 1997 [as “?”]; Bratt 1999; Tucker 1999; Robertson 2001; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 305, reporting it from eastern U. S. only]; Lumbsch 2002; Tucker 2002; Blauman 2004)
Synonyms: Urceolaria actinostoma (Hasse 1898a)
Diploschistes aeneus (Müll. Arg.) Lumbsch: (Lumbsch [1989, Marin Co. collection]; Brodo et al. 2001; Lumbsch 2002; T. Nash 33015, Santa Rosa Isl., Santa Barbara Co., ASU)
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vain.: (Lumbsch 2002; T. Nash 38742, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., ASU)
Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch: (Lumbsch 1989; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 303, with color photograph]; Lumbsch 2002; T. Nash 37108, West Anacapa Isl., Ventura Co.; this species grows on soil)
Synonyms: Urceolaria albissima (Fink 1935)
Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. subsp. muscorum: (Lumbsch 1988; Baltzo 1989; Lumbsch 1989; McGee 1995; Tucker & Bratt 1996; Wright 1997; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 304, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Lumbsch 2002; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003a, 2003b)
Synonyms: D. bryophilus, D. scruposus subsp. bryophilus, D. scruposus var. bryophilus, D. scruposus var. parasiticus
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman: (Herre 1910; Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; Thomson & Ketchledge 1958; Sigal 1975; TJ; Weber et al. 1987; Baltzo 1989; Sigal 1989; Ryan & Nash 1991; von Reis 1991; Tucker & Bratt 1995; McGee 1995; Bowler et al. 1996; Tucker 1999; Doell et al. 1999; Bourell 2000; Brodo et al. [2001, pp. 304–305, with color photograph]; Robertson 2001; Lumbsch 2002; Riefner et al. 2003; Robertson 2003a; Blauman 2004; this species grows on rock)
Synonyms: Urceolaria scruposa (TJ for references)
Diploschistes bisporus (Bagl.) J. Steiner: (C. Bratt 7177, Anita Cyn, Hollister Ranch, Santa Barbara Co., SBBG)
=Ingvariella bispora
Diploschistes bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr.: (TJ)
=D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b; Merrill 1923; TJ; Robertson 2001; the specimens reported by Hasse and Robertson were collected on soil, whereas D. gypsaceus is on rock fide Lumbsch 1988; not reported from the Sonoran region of S CA by Lumbsch [2002], so the S CA reports by Hasse, Merrill, and Orcutt are in doubt)
Synonyms: Urceolaria gypsacea (Hasse 1895, 1896, 1898a, 1903b; Orcutt 1903, 1907), U. scruposa var. gypsacea
Diploschistes scruposus var. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Oksner: (Hasse 1913b)
=D. muscorum subsp. muscorum
Diploschistes scruposus var. parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr.: (Hasse 1913b)
=D. muscorum subsp. muscorum

Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot.: (Sigal 1989; Bourell 2000; Baltzo 2002; Thomson 2003)
=Buellia alboatra (Nordin 1996)
Diplotomma ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey: =Buellia alboatra (Nordin 1996)
Diplotomma penichrum (Tuck.) Szatala: (Wright 1997)
=Buellia penichra
Diplotomma venustum (Körb.) Körb.: =Buellia venusta (Nordin 1996)

Dirina catalinariae Hasse: (TJ; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 305, with color photograph]; Tehler 2002)
Dirina catalinariae f. catalinariae Hasse: (Tehler 1983; Bowler et al. 1996)
Dirina catalinariae f. sorediata Tehler: (Tehler 1983; Bratt 1993; Bowler et al. 1996; Bratt 1997; Sanders [1999b, photographs on back cover of CALS Bulletin 6(1)]; Brodo et al. [2001, p. 305])
Dirina paradoxa (Fée) Tehler: (C. Bratt 11791, between Emerald Bay and Parsons Landing, N shore, W end of Santa Catalina Isl., Los Angeles Co., SBBG)
Dirina californica Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1866 [p. 17, in Oakland, Alameda Co.]; Bolander 1870; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Sigridea californica
Dirina franciscana Zahlbr. ex Herre: (Herre 1907, 1910; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Roccellina franciscana
Dirina hassei Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1900, 1901; Hasse 1902, 1903b, 1903e; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; TJ)
=Sigridea californica
Dirina rediunta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr.: (Zahlbruckner 1901; Hasse 1902, 1903b, 1903e, 1913b; Merrill 1923; Fink 1935; Wheeler 1938; TJ)
=Schismatomma rediunta

Dirinaria neotropica Kalb: (Kalb 2004; B. Ryan 21988B, San Bruno Mtn, San Mateo Co., ASU, on rock)
Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B. J. Moore: (C. Bratt 9151, West Anacapa Isl., W end of island, between Rat Rock and campground, Ventura Co., SBBG) = possible misdetermination
Dirinaria picta (Sw.) Schaer. ex Clem.: (Riefner, Bowler, & Ryan 1995; R. Riefner collections from Sonoma, Ventura, and San Luis Obispo Co.; these collections have been re-identified by S. Tucker as Physcia poncinsii [R. Riefner 88-7] and Trapeliopsis steppica [R. Riefner 92–190, 92–408])

Distopyrenis americana Aptroot: (Aptroot 2002; S. Tucker 33682B, San Nicolas Isl., Ventura Co., SBBG, determination by A. Aptroot)

Dufourea madreporiformis Ach.

DUFOUREA (Fink 1935)
=Dactylina madreporiformis (but Fink report for CA was in error, being based on a Tuckerman [1866] report of Dactylina madreporiformis from the Rocky Mts; the species is not known in CA)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

*Echinothecium reticulatum Zopf: (S. Tucker 35088 pr. p., Los Osos, San Luis Obispo Co., SBBG, on Hypogymnia, determined by P. Diederich)

Edrudia constipans (Nyl.) W. P. Jord.: (Jordan 1980; Hale & Cole 1988; Wright 2000; CA endemic)
Synonyms: Caloplaca constipans, Lecanora constipans (Hue 1891; Hulting 1896; Fink 1935), Placodium constipans, Polycauliona constipans (Hue 1909a, 1909b)

Endocarpiscum bolanderi (Tuck.) Tuck.: (Tuckerman 1882; McClatchie 1897)
=Peltula bolanderi
Endocarpiscum guepinii (Delise) Nyl.: (Tuckerman 1882; Hasse 1895, 1896; McClatchie 1897; Orcutt 1903; Herre 1906; Orcutt 1907; TJ)
=Peltula euploca

Endocarpon loscosii Müll. Arg.: (Breuss 2002; Knudsen 2003a; S. Tucker 37910 [as “cf.”], on Quercus agrifolia [unusual substrate], Jasper Ridge, W of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co., SBBG, determined by O. Breuss)
Endocarpon pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl.: (Breuss 2002)
Endocarpon pallidum Ach.: (Hasse 1898a, 1906; Herre 1910; Hasse 1915b; Fink 1935; Breuss 2002)
Note: This name was considered synonymous with E. adscendens in TJ, but Breuss (personal communication) and Esslinger (2004b) c