(1) Lycophytes (often superficially moss-like but with thicker scale-like leaves and axillary sporangia that are often borne in cones) (2) Ferns (most with sporangia borne on abaxial leaf surfaces, a few with sporangia on modified leaf segments or in hard sporangium cases), and Equisetum (with whorled scale leaves and sporangia grouped in terminal cones) (3) Gymnosperms (with seeds generally produced in cones of various forms) (4) Nymphaeales (aquatic, rhizomed; cotyledons 2; some or all leaf blades floating; flower 1, bisexual, parts spirally arranged or in 3s; pollen aperture 1) (5) Magnoliids (terrestrial, often scented from ethereal oils; cotyledons 2; flower parts generally spirally arranged or in 3s; pollen aperture) (6)Ceratophyllales (Ceratophyllum) (7)Eudicots (cotyledons 2; flower parts generally in 4s or 5s; pollen apertures 3+) (8)Monocots (cotyledon 1; leaf veins generally parallel from base or midrib; flower parts generally in 3s; pollen aperture 1)

The Jepson eFlora is a product of the Jepson Flora Project.

Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 18, 2024.