Turbinaria vulgaris J. Agardh var. conoides J. Agardh, 1848b: 267 (syntype localities: "ad oras Hindostaniae''; China; Sri Lanka; Western Australia).—Zanardini, 1872: 130.
Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kützing, 1860: 24, pl. 66: figs. IIe, f.—G. Martens, 1868: 27, 76–77.— Barton, 1891: 217, pl. 54: figs. 1, 6–10; pl. 55: figs. 1–6, 8–10.— De Toni, 1895b: 126.— De Wildeman, 1897a: 160.— De Wildeman, 1900: 385.— Reinbold, 1907: 561.— A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1908: 182.— A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1909: 392.— Schröder, 1912: 298.— Weber-van Bosse, 1913a: 148.— Børgesen, 1933a: 15–16.— Zaneveld, 1952: 133.— Govindachari & Rajagopalan, 1953: 49.— Chacko, Mahadevan, & R. Ganesan, 1955: 12.— Valsan, 1955: 344.— Lind, 1956: 26.— Zaneveld, 1956: 22.— Zaneveld, 1959: 104.— Durairatnam, 1961a: 40.— W.R. Taylor, 1964: 480–481, pl. 2: figs. 1–8 (var. conoides).— Varma & Krishna Rao, 1964: 208.— S. Dixit, 1966: 10.— W.R. Taylor, 1966b: 96–97.— Isaac, 1967: 79.— C. Shah & Vaidya, 1967: 156, 157 ("var. typica'').— Umamaheswara Rao, 1967: 126.— W. Isaac & F. Isaac, 1968: 12.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969b: 579–584, fig. 2.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969c: 716, 717.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 42.— Dhandhukia & Seshadri, 1970: 110.— V. Krishnamurthy & H. Joshi, 1970: 15.— Nizamuddin, 1970: 136.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1970a: 4, pl. 1: fig. 5.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.— Durairatnam & Ragunathamuthaliar, 1976: 655, table 1.— Jaasund, 1976: 51, fig. 100.— B. Mehta & Baxi, 1976: 238–239, tables 1, 2.— Basson et al., 1977: 258.— Jaasund, 1977d: 517.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1978: 67–69, figs. 1, 2, table 1.— M. Joseph, 1978a: 18.— Basson, 1979: 60, pl. VII: fig. 35.— Jagan Nathan & Venkatakrishnan, 1979: 50.— Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 4.— Farghaly, 1980: 125.— Lawson, 1980: 30.— Nair & Thampy, 1980: 279.— Arumugam, Sivapalan, & Theivendirarajah, 1981: 3.— Solimabi et al., 1981: table 1.— Thivy, 1982: 55.— Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 50, pl. I:B.— Teo & Wee, 1983: 74, fig. 74.— Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [24].— De Silva & Kumar, 1984: 161.— Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984b: tables 1–3, 5.— Jagtap, 1985a: 46.— Mshigeni, 1985: 17.— Shunula, 1985: 66, 67, table 1.— Sokhi & Vijayaraghavan, 1985: 1192–1193, figs. 1–3.— Subbaramaiah, 1985: 140, 144.— Sokhi, 1986: 5.— Sokhi & Vijayaraghavan, 1986: 321–332, figs. 1–4.— M. Vijayaraghavan, 1986: 4.— Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 104–105, fig. 8A.— Jagtap, 1987: table 1.— Silas & Kalimuthu, 1987: 56.— Sokhi & Vijayaraghavan, 1987: 171–176, figs. 1, 2.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1987a: 22.— Bandara et al., 1988: 213.— De Silva & Kumar, 1988: 202.— De Silva & Kumar, 1989: 167, 172, tables I–III.— Pant & Untawale, 1989: table 5.— Phang, 1989: 86.— Untawale & Jagtap, 1989: table I.— M. Vijayaraghavan & Sokhi, 1989: 19–32, figs. 1–6.— Kaliaperumal, Kalimuthu, & Ramalingam, 1990: table 2.— Sokhi & Vijayaraghavan, 1990: 207–213, figs. 1–3.— Umamaheswara Rao, 1990: 324, tables 2, 4, 6.— Kesava Rao & Untawale, 1991: 100.— Phang & Wee, 1991: 61.— D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.— Subramonia Thangam & Kathiresan, 1991: 84.— M. Vijayaraghavan, 1991: 74.— S. Balakrishnan, Ravichandran, & Kaliaperumal, 1992: 65.— Basson, 1992: 222.— Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 181.— Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 122.— Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 23 (table 1).— Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 44.— Jayasankar & Ramalingam, 1993: 42.— Kaliaperumal & Kalimuthu, 1993: 9, 11, fig. 12.— Menon et al., 1993: 59.
Possible taxonomic synonym:
Turbinaria denudata Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 [1826–1829]: 117 (syntype localities: Society Islands: Borabora and Tahiti; Concepción, Chile).—Möbius, 1893: 137.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Andaman Islands, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Note: J. Agardh (1848b: 266–267) cited Turbinaria denudata under both T. vulgaris J. Agardh var. conoides J. Agardh and T. ornata (Turner) J. Agardh. Since the specific name T. conoides has priority only from 1860 and T. ornata from 1848, T. denudata will become the correct name for one or the other species following lectotypification unless it is proposed for rejection under Art. 56.1.