| 1. Annual; rhizome 0; uncommon |
| S. arvensis |
| 1' Perennial; rhizome slender; widespread |
| |
| S. chamissonis |
| |
| 3. Upper corolla lip < 2 mm; stamens barely exerted from corolla tube |
| S. stricta |
| 3' Upper corolla lip > 2 mm; stamens clearly exerted from corolla tube |
| |
| 4. Leaves and inflorescence with dense, cobwebby hairs |
| S. albens |
| 4' Leaves and inflorescence with soft or stiff hairs, sometimes dense but not cobwebby |
| |
| 5. Inflorescence generally < 5 cm, with no spaces between flower clusters at maturity |
| |
| |
| 7. Stem, leaves rarely glandular, slightly aromatic; stem generally < 6 dm |
| 3 S. ajugoides var. ajugoides |
| 7' Stem, leaves densely glandular, strongly aromatic; stem generally > 6 dm |
| S. pycnantha |
| 6' Corolla pink to purple |
| |
| 8. Herbage densely glandular, strong-smelling; stem generally > 6 dm |
| S. pycnantha |
| 8' Herbage not (or not densely) glandular, not or slightly aromatic; stem generally < 6 dm |
| 2 S. ajugoides |
| 9. Leaf base wedge-shaped; blade generally oblong; hairs often long, silky; corolla pale pink |
| var. ajugoides |
| 9' Leaf base generally rounded to ± cordate; blade ovate to lanceolate; hairs rarely long, silky; corolla pink to purple |
| var. rigida |
| 5' Inflorescence > 5 cm, with spaces between flower clusters at maturity |
| |
| 10. Ring of hairs in corolla tube < 2 mm from base, perpendicular to tube axis |
| S. bullata |
| 10' Ring of hairs in corolla tube > 2 mm from base, generally oblique, rarely partially perpendicular to tube axis |
| |
| 11. Leaves ± sessile, longest petiole < 1 cm; Modoc Plateau |
| S. palustris subsp. pilosa |
| 11' Leaves petioled, at least lower petioles > 1 cm; widespread |
| 2 S. ajugoides |
| 12. Leaf base wedge-shaped; blade generally oblong, hairs generally long, silky; corolla white to pale pink |
| var. ajugoides |
| 12' Leaf base rounded to ± cordate; blade ovate to lanceolate, hairs rarely long, silky; corolla pink to magenta or purplish |
| var. rigida
|