| 1. Ray flowers obscure, often << disk flowers (heads seeming discoid); involucre subtended by leafy bracts |
| P. carthamoides var. cusickii |
| 1' Ray flowers conspicuous, >> disk flowers; involucre not subtended by leafy bracts |
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| 3. Glands sessile; plant glabrous below; inflorescence crowded, spike-like |
| P. lucida |
| 3' Glands stalked; plant generally hairy and red-tinged below; inflorescence raceme- or panicle-like |
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| 4. Inflorescence panicle-like; plant sometimes becoming glabrous below |
| P. lanceolata var. subviscosa |
| 4' Inflorescence raceme-like; plant tomentose below |
| P. hirta |
| 5. Plant densely glandular; phyllaries equal, barely overlapping, herbaceous nearly to base |
| var. hirta |
| 5' Plant sparsely glandular; phyllaries unequal, much overlapping, herbaceous only at tip |
| var. lanulosa |
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| 7. Phyllaries oblanceolate to oblong, in 34 graduated series, glabrous; fruit glabrous |
| P. apargioides |
| 7' Phyllaries ± linear, in 2 series, not overlapping, long-soft-hairy; fruit silky |
| P. uniflora |
| 8. Herbage tufted-woolly; involucres 1013 mm; phyllaries unequal |
| var. gossypina |
| 8' Herbage tomentose, becoming glabrous; involucres 69 mm; phyllaries equal |
| var. uniflora |
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| 9. Inflorescence panicle-like |
| P. lanceolata var. lanceolata |
| 9' Inflorescence raceme- or ± spike-like |
| P. racemosa |
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| 11. Stem cobwebby, hairs tangled; basal leaves lanceolate; phyllaries densely long-soft-hairy |
| var. pinetorum |
| 11' Stem generally glabrous; basal leaves oblanceolate to elliptic; phyllaries ciliate |
| var. racemosa |
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| 12. Inflorescence a narrow raceme- to panicle-like cluster, not crowded |
| var. paniculata |
| 12' Inflorescence spike-like, generally crowded |
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| 13. Involucre 1216 mm diam, phyllaries yellow-green throughout, sparsely tomentose near base or throughout, tip glandular-ciliate |
| var. congesta |
| 13' Involucre 57 mm diam, phyllaries green-tipped, leathery, ciliate (except recurved tip), margin translucent |
| var. sessiliflora
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