The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California

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Names are linked to treatments from the Manual


Key to LINANTHUS

N.B.: couplets are linked, e.g., 1. is linked to 1'.

  1. Perennial (sect. Siphonella)
 
    2. Leaf generally entire
L. floribundus subsp. hallii
    2' Leaf generally palmately lobed
 
      3. Leaf lobes generally 3; pedicels generally 1–6 mm
L. floribundus
        4. Leaf and calyx hairy
subsp. floribundus
        4' Leaf and calyx glabrous
subsp. glaber
      3' Leaf lobes generally 5; pedicels 0 or obscure
 
        5. Leaf lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla tube generally > calyx; seeds > 2 mm; High Sierra Nevada
L. pachyphyllus
        5' Leaf lobes generally linear; corolla tube < calyx; seeds < 2 mm; not High Sierra Nevada
L. nuttallii
          6. Leaf and calyx sparsely hairy; Northwestern California, Modoc Plateau
subsp. nuttallii
          6' Leaf, calyx densely hairy
 
            7. Leaf lobes 3–7 mm; High North Coast Ranges
subsp. howellii
            7' Leaf lobes 5–10 mm; East of Sierra Nevada
subsp. pubescens
  1' Annual
 
    8. Corolla salverform, tube >> calyx, < 1 mm wide; inflorescence a dense bracted head (sect. Leptosiphon)
 
      9. Calyx membrane generally as wide as ribs
 
        10. Bract margins densely white-ciliate; inflorescence generally spheric
 
          11. Corolla tube generally < 25 mm, lobes 2–4 mm
L. ciliatus
          11' Corolla tube generally > 25 mm, lobes 5–8 mm
L. montanus
        10' Bract margin not white-ciliate; inflorescence generally not spheric
 
          12. Leaf lobes oblanceolate; corolla lobes generally truncate or slightly notched at tip; corolla tube white; s High Sierra Nevada
L. oblanceolatus
          12' Leaf lobes linear or linear-lanceolate; corolla lobes rounded; corolla tube darker than lobes; more widespread s California, including s High Sierra Nevada
 
            13. Lobes of bracts free; Transverse Ranges, sw Mojave Desert
L. breviculus
            13' Lobes of bracts connected by a translucent membrane; s Sierra Nevada
L. nudatus
      9' Calyx membrane << ribs or obscure
 
        14. Corolla tube < 10 mm, < 2 × calyx length; corolla lobes white, throat dark purple
L. serrulatus
        14' Corolla tube > 10 mm, 2–6 × calyx length; corolla lobes variously colored, if white then throat not purple
 
          15. Corolla yellow; leaf lobes needle-like, generally ascending
L. acicularis
          15' Corolla tube or lobes (not both) yellow; leaf lobes linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, generally spreading
 
            16. Stigma < 1 mm
L. bicolor
            16' Stigma > 1 mm
 
              17. Calyx generally hairy only on lobe margins; North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area
L. androsaceus
              17' Calyx generally hairy throughout; widespread
L. parviflorus
    8' Corolla not both salverform and in dense bracted heads
 
      18. Corolla 15–30 mm; inflorescence a dense, bracted head (sect. Pacificus)
L. grandiflorus
      18' Corolla < 15 mm, or if > inflorescence not a dense, bracted head
 
        19. Corolla generally open only in evening (if open in daytime, then limb > 10 mm wide); calyx membrane > ribs; corolla lacking red marks near throat (sect. Linanthus)
 
          20. Calyx glandular-hairy
L. jonesii
          20' Calyx sometimes hairy but not glandular
 
            21. Calyx hairy on inner surface; gypsum soils
L. arenicola
            21' Calyx not hairy on inner surface; generally not gypsum soils
 
              22. Leaf not lobed; corolla tube without hairy pads where filaments attach
L. bigelovii
              22' Leaf lobed; corolla tube with hairy pads where filaments attach
L. dichotomus
        19' Corolla open in daytime; calyx membrane generally narrower than ribs (if wider, then corolla with red marks near throat)
 
          23. Flowers generally sessile, corolla generally glabrous inside (if otherwise, leaves not lobed) (sect. Dianthoides)
 
            24. Calyx lobes free to base, margins translucent; corolla tube very short
 
              25. Stem long, thread-like, openly branched at base; calyx ribs with purple marks at base
L. bellus
              25' Stem not thread-like, compactly branched; calyx ribs without purple marks near base
 
                26. Corolla bell-shaped, white with 2 red marks at base of lobes
L. demissus
                26' Corolla funnel-shaped, blue-purple or cream with purple kidney-shaped crest at base of lobes
L. parryae
            24' Calyx fused by membranes; corolla tube conspicuous
 
              27. Leaves not lobed; tips of corolla lobes finely toothed
L. dianthiflorus
              27' Leaves deeply lobed; tips of corolla lobes entire
 
                28. Calyx membrane much wider than ribs; San Gabriel Mountains
L. concinnus
                28' Calyx membrane as wide as ribs
 
                  29. Corolla 10–15 mm, tube slightly exserted from calyx; San Bernardino Mountains
L. killipii
                  29' Corolla 15–25 mm, tube long-exserted from calyx; Peninsular Ranges
L. orcuttii
          23' Flowers generally on thread-like pedicels (if sessile, then corolla with hairy ring inside tube); leaf palmate, lobes very short (sect. Dactylophyllum)
 
            30. Flowers sessile
L. lemmonii
            30' Flowers on thread-like pedicels
 
              31. Corolla tube and filaments glabrous; corolla generally < calyx
 
                32. Stem generally branched above base or unbranched; corolla tube << lobes; stamens exserted; seeds 1 per chamber
L. harknessii
                32' Stem branched at base; corolla tube ± = lobes; stamens included; seeds > 1 per chamber
L. pygmaeus
                  33. Corolla white; mainland
subsp. continentalis
                  33' Corolla blue; Channel Islands
subsp. pygmaeus
              31' Corolla tube, filaments, or both hairy; corolla generally > calyx
 
                34. Filaments generally hairy at base (if glabrous, then attached at hairy ring inside corolla)
 
                  35. Corolla 2–4 mm; hairy ring generally present inside corolla tube, tube = lobes
L. septentrionalis
                  35' Corolla 4–15 mm; hairy ring 0 inside corolla tube, base of filaments hairy, tube << lobes
 
                    36. Stem diffusely branched at base; calyx lobes as wide as membrane; corolla veins obscure
L. filipes
                    36' Stem branched above base; calyx lobes narrower than membrane; corolla veins conspicuous
L. liniflorus
                34' Filaments glabrous, attached above hairy ring
 
                  37. Corolla tube generally < lobes
L. aureus
                    38. Corolla lobes bright yellow
subsp. aureus
                    38' Corolla lobes cream
subsp. decorus
                  37' Corolla tube generally > lobes
 
                    39. Stigmas 2–4 mm; corolla throat widely widened, 3 mm; San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast Ranges
L. ambiguus
                    39' Stigmas 1 mm; corolla throat not widened, < 2 mm; San Francisco Bay Area, North Coast Ranges
 
                      40. Corolla tube white, pink, or lilac, = calyx
L. bolanderi
                      40' Corolla tube maroon, > 1.5 × calyx
L. rattanii


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