The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California

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  • Up-to-date information about California vascular plants is available from the Jepson eFlora.

Names are linked to treatments from the Manual


Key to LITHOPHRAGMA

N.B.: couplets are linked, e.g., 1. is linked to 1'.

  1. Basal leaves compound or deeply lobed (> halfway to blade base), leaflets or primary lobes 3; petals white to pink
 
    2. Hypanthium long-obconic, part fused to ovary generally > free part; ovary > half inferior; petals 7–16 mm, generally obovate, 3-lobed
L. parviflorum
      3. Hypanthium ± 2 × longer than wide
var. parviflorum
      3' Hypanthium 3–4 × longer than wide
var. trifoliatum
    2' Hypanthium spheric to bell-shaped, part fused to ovary generally < free part; ovary < half inferior; petals 3–7 mm, generally ovate, generally 4–7-lobed
 
      4. Inflorescence 40–60 cm; s Channel Islands
L. maximum
      4' Inflorescence 8–30 cm; mainland
 
        5. Petal lobes deep, generally 4–5; inflorescence often with bulblets in axils of lower bracts; seed spiny
L. glabrum
        5' Petal lobes shallow, 5–7; inflorescence without bulblets; seed smooth
L. tenellum
  1' Basal leaves ± shallowly lobed (< halfway to blade base), primary lobes 3–5; petals white
 
    6. Hypanthium ± long-obconic; ovary generally > half inferior
 
      7. Cauline leaves 1–3, alternate; petals 3-lobed at tip; seed smooth
L. affine
      7' Cauline leaves 2, opposite; petals entire to shallowly toothed; seed spiny
L. cymbalaria
    6' Hypanthium spheric to bell-shaped; ovary < half inferior
 
      8. Petals obovate, lobes 3; hypanthium bell-shaped, base truncate; inflorescence often with bulblets in axils of upper bracts
L. heterophyllum
      8' Petals ovate-elliptic, entire or lobes or teeth > 3; hypanthium spheric to bell-shaped, base tapered to round; inflorescence bulblets generally 0
 
        9. Petals spreading, entire or ± evenly toothed or lobed; hypanthium spheric; ovary partly inferior; leaf teeth ± round
L. bolanderi
        9' Petals ± erect, ± unevenly lobed (generally with teeth near base); hypanthium broadly bell-shaped; ovary superior; leaf teeth ± sharp
L. campanulatum


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