| | 10. Flowers in loose clusters; corolla purple to mid-throat or higher-> subsp. 2davyi |
| | 10' Flowers not in clusters; corolla purple to base of throat |
| |
| | 11. Calyx 2–4 mm; corolla 9–16 mm |
| subsp. cuyamensis |
| | 11' Calyx 4–5 mm; corolla 15–22 mm |
| subsp. latiflora |
| | 4' Cauline leaves not clasping or expanded at base |
| |
| | 12. Calyx glabrous or cobwebby (not glandular) |
| |
| | 13. Stamens = or > corolla lobes; calyx membrane generally purple or purple-spotted |
| |
| | 14. Basal leaves densely cobwebby; calyx membrane generally dull purple-spotted; High Sierra Nevada, w Great Basin Floristic Province |
| G. salticola |
| | 14' Basal leaves glabrous or slightly cobwebby; calyx membrane bright purple-spotted; Mojave Desert |
| G. aliquanta |
| | 15. Corolla lobes = tube + throat |
| subsp. aliquanta |
| | 15' Corolla lobes generally 1/2 tube + throat |
| subsp. breviloba |
| | 13' Stamens < corolla lobes; calyx membrane generally not colored |
| |
| | 16. Basal leaf lobes spreading; corolla throat yellow or yellow-spotted |
| |
| | 17. Corolla 4–7 mm; throat yellow-spotted, < or = lobes; calyx lobes short-pointed |
| G. clokeyi |
| | 17' Corolla 7–12 mm; throat yellow, = or > lobes; calyx lobes acuminate |
| G. ophthalmoides |
| | 16' Basal leaf lobes generally ascending; corolla throat blue in upper 1/2, yellow below |
| G. ochroleuca |
| | 18. Stem glabrous and glaucous below inflorescence |
| |
| | 19. Corolla 8–14 mm; style > stamens |
| subsp. bizonata |
| | 19' Corolla 4–6 mm; style < or = stamens |
| subsp. ochroleuca |
| | 18' Stem generally cobwebby or glandular below inflorescence (if glabrous, not glaucous) |
| |
| | 20. Plant tall; basal leaves entire to generally 1-pinnate; corolla pale; s San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges |
| subsp. exilis |
| | 20' Plant low, spreading; basal leaves 2-pinnate; corolla bright; San Gabriel Mountains, Tehachapi Mountain Area |
| subsp. vivida |
| | 12' Calyx glandular (rarely cobwebby in young plants) |
| |
| | 21. Lobes of basal leaves toothed on both sides |
| |
| | 22. Stamens < corolla lobes; corolla throat bluish in upper 1/2, yellow in lower 1/2 |
| G. cana |
| | 23. Adjacent pedicels widely spreading |
| |
| | 24. Corolla throat conic, tube 2–4 × calyx |
| subsp. speciformis |
| | 24' Corolla throat cup-shaped, tube generally < 2 × calyx |
| subsp. triceps |
| | 23' Adjacent pedicels narrowly spreading |
| |
| | 25. Fruit narrowly ovoid, generally < 5 mm; basal leaves cobwebby-matted |
| subsp. cana |
| | 25' Fruit widely ovoid, generally > 5 mm; basal leaves cobwebby, not matted |
| |
| | 26. Corolla tube = throat; stamens unequal, longest well exserted |
| subsp. bernardina |
| | 26' Corolla tube 3–6 × throat; stamens equal, slightly exserted |
| subsp. speciosa |
| | 22' Stamens generally > corolla lobes; corolla throat yellow or white |
| G. leptantha |
| | 27. Corolla tube 2–4 × calyx |
| |
| | 28. Corolla lobes 1–3 mm wide; San Bernardino Mountains |
| subsp. leptantha |
| | 28' Corolla lobes 3–5 mm wide; s Sierra Nevada |
| subsp. purpusii |
| | 27' Corolla tube 1–2 × calyx |
| |
| | 29. Corolla throat conic; stamens > corolla lobes |
| subsp. pinetorum |
| | 29' Corolla throat cup-shaped; stamens < corolla lobes |
| subsp. transversa |
| | 21' Lobes of basal leaves linear, entire or toothed on 1 side |
| |
| | 30. Inflorescence showy; corolla 10–22 mm, unspotted below lobes |
| G. tenuiflora |
| | 31. Corolla tube stout, lobes 4–7 mm wide |
| |
| | 32. Corolla throat > lobes; mainland |
| subsp. amplifaucalis |
| | 32' Corolla throat < lobes; Channel Islands |
| subsp. hoffmannii |
| | 31' Corolla tube slender, lobes 2–4 mm wide |
| |
| | 33. Branches decumbent; calyx densely glandular; stamens exserted to base of lobes |
| subsp. arenaria |
| | 33' Branches spreading, calyx slightly glandular; longest stamens exserted beyond middle of lobes |
| subsp. tenuiflora |
| | 30' Inflorescence not showy; corolla 3–12 mm, generally spotted below lobes (G. inconspicua complex) |
| |
| | 34. Longest stamens exserted > mid-lobe |
| |
| | 35. Leaf lobes ascending; corolla 3–4 × lobes; Great Basin Floristic Province |
| G. inconspicua |
| | 35' Leaf lobes spreading; corolla 2–3 × lobes; s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Tehachapi Mountain Area |
| G. interior |
| | 34' Longest stamens exserted < mid-lobe |
| |
| | 36. Fruit 2 × calyx, valves not detaching; leaf lobes < 1 mm wide, ascending |
| G. minor |
| | 36' Fruit = calyx, valves detaching; leaf lobes 1–2 mm wide, spreading |
| |
| | 37. Branches decumbent; corolla without spots, lobe tips obtuse |
| G. malior |
| | 37' Branches erect to spreading; corolla with purple spots below lobes, lobe tips acute |
| |
| | 38. Lobes of basal leaves 2–3 mm; fruit 3–4 mm; South Coast Ranges |
| G. austro-occidentalis |
| | 38' Lobes of basal leaves 3–11 mm; fruit 5–6 mm; Mojave Desert |
| G. transmontana
|
| | 1. Sepals generally fused below middle or at base; pollen yellow (sect. Giliastrum) |
| |
| | 2. Principal leaves sharp-toothed, holly-like; plant > 10 cm; corolla pink |
| |
| | 3. Annual; leaf teeth acuminate |
| G. latifolia |
| | 3' Perennial; leaf teeth needle-like |
| G. ripleyi |
| | 2' Principal leaves not sharp-toothed, not holly-like; plant < 9 cm; corolla yellow or white |
| |
| | 4. Leaf linear; corolla yellow |
| G. filiformis |
| | 4' Leaf oblong, lanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate; corolla mostly white |
| |
| | 5. Plant < 3 cm, stem not glandular; leaf 2–5 mm; calyx membrane ciliate; Sonoran Desert |
| G. maculata |
| | 5' Plant > 3 cm, stem glandular; leaf 6–20 mm; calyx membrane not ciliate; Great Basin Floristic Province, Mojave Desert |
| |
| | 6. Corolla throat spotted, tube exserted from calyx |
| G. campanulata |
| | 6' Corolla throat not spotted, tube included in calyx |
| |
| | 7. Lower leaves white-hairy; corolla 4–7 mm; seeds 10–15 per chamber |
| G. inyoensis |
| | 7' Lower leaves generally glabrous; corolla < 3 mm; seeds 1 per chamber |
| G. tenerrima |
| | 1' Sepals generally fused to middle or higher; pollen blue, yellow, or white |
| |
| | 8. Plant glandular-puberulent; upper leaves generally entire |
| |
| | 9. Leaves generally cauline; inflorescence not scapose; pollen blue; seeds gelatinous when wet (sect. Kelloggia) |
| |
| | 10. Corolla 6–8 mm, lobes bluish white; branches, leaves ascending |
| G. capillaris |
| | 10' Corolla 5–20 mm, lobes pink; branches, leaves spreading |
| |
| | 11. Calyx glandular; corolla tube, throat yellow with reddish streaks |
| G. sinistra |
| | 12. Corolla 9–20 mm; style exserted |
| subsp. pinnatisecta |
| | 12' Corolla 5–9 mm; style included |
| subsp. sinistra |
| | 11' Calyx glabrous; corolla tube yellow, throat purple or yellow |
| G. leptalea |
| | 13. Corolla 8–15 mm, throat 2–5 mm, yellow, sometimes with short purple marks |
| subsp. bicolor |
| | 13' Corolla 13–21 mm, throat 6–8 mm, purple |
| subsp. leptalea |
| | 9' Leaves in basal rosette; inflorescence generally ± scapose; pollen yellow or white; seeds not gelatinous when wet (sect. Giliandra) |
| |
| | 14. Lower leaves generally 2-pinnately lobed; corolla tube glandular-puberulent, lobes wavy-margined |
| G. hutchinsifolia |
| | 14' Lower leaves generally 1-pinnately lobed or toothed; corolla tube glabrous, lobes not wavy-margined |
| |
| | 15. Corolla tube thread-like, exserted from calyx |
| |
| | 16. Corolla lobes truncate and short-pointed; throat wider than tube |
| G. leptomeria |
| | 16' Corolla lobes 3-toothed; throat narrower than tube |
| G. triodon |
| | 15' Corolla tube stout, included or slightly exserted from calyx |
| |
| | 17. Corolla 2–4 mm, throat generally included; pedicels in fruit spreading or recurved; fruit spheric, generally < calyx |
| G. micromeria |
| | 17' Corolla 4–7 mm, throat exserted; pedicels in fruit nearly erect; fruit ovoid, generally > calyx |
| |
| | 18. Leaf axis strap-shaped; basal leaves generally without sand grains on upper surface |
| G. lottiae |
| | 18' Leaf axis linear; basal leaves dotted with sand grains on both surfaces |
| G. subacaulis |
| | 8' Plant hairy on leaf or stem; upper leaves lobed or toothed |
| |
| | 19. Leaf lobes generally not linear; flowers not in heads or clusters; pedicel glands large, generally flat-topped, subsessile (sect. Saltugilia) |
| |
| |
| | 21. Hairs on basal leaves translucent, straight or curved, gland-tipped; spots 0 in corolla |
| G. scopulorum |
| | 21' Hairs on basal leaves white, sharply bent, non-glandular; purple spots below each corolla lobe |
| G. stellata |
| | 20' Calyx generally glabrous |
| |
| | 22. Corolla 5–13 mm, lavender or white |
| |
| | 23. Stamens < corolla lobes; corolla lobes 1–1.5 × throat, throat not purple-marked |
| G. australis |
| | 23' Stamens generally > corolla lobes; corolla lobes 2–3 × throat, throat purple-marked below each lobe |
| G. caruifolia |
| | 22' Corolla 10–36 mm, generally pink |
| G. splendens |
| | 24. Corolla tube 7–18 mm, 2–5 × calyx |
| subsp. grantii |
| | 24' Corolla tube 4–10 mm, 1–2 × calyx |
| subsp. splendens |
| | 19' Leaf lobes ± linear; flowers generally in heads or clusters; pedicel glands, if present, minute, spheric, stalked (sect. Gilia) |
| |
| | 25. Inflorescence axis generally glandular; corolla throat yellow, sometimes purple-spotted |
| |
| | 26. Corolla throat not spotted |
| |
| | 27. Corolla 6–9 mm; throat cup-shaped; leaves 1–2-pinnate |
| G. angelensis |
| | 27' Corolla 8–14 mm, throat conic; leaves 2–3-pinnate |
| G. nevinii |
| | 26' Corolla throat purple-spotted |
| |
| | 28. Corolla 8–19 mm, throat well exserted from calyx |
| G. tricolor |
| | 29. Flowers in loose clusters or solitary; corolla 7–13 mm |
| subsp. diffusa |
| | 29' Flowers generally in dense clusters; corolla 10–19 mm |
| subsp. tricolor |
| | 28' Corolla 7–11 mm, throat partly included in calyx |
| |
| | 30. Calyx in fruit 5–8 mm, generally < or = fruit |
| G. clivorum |
| | 30' Calyx in fruit 8–13 mm, generally >> fruit |
| G. millefoliata |
| | 25' Inflorescence axis generally glabrous or tomentose; corolla throat neither yellow nor spotted |
| |
| | 31. Flowers generally in hemispheric heads or clusters; corolla throat generally > tube; stamens < or = corolla lobes |
| G. achilleifolia |
| | 32. Corolla 10–20 mm; heads 8–25-flowered; pedicels 1–2 mm |
| subsp. achilleifolia |
| | 32' Corolla 5–10 mm; clusters 2–7-flowered; pedicels 1–30 mm |
| subsp. multicaulis |
| | 31' Flowers in spheric heads; corolla throat < or = tube; stamens = or > corolla lobes |
| G. capitata |
| | 33. Corolla 5–8 mm, lobes linear or narrowly oblong; calyx lobes acute, erect |
| |
| | 34. Heads glabrous or sparsely hairy to glandular at base |
| |
| | 35. Calyx membrane colorless; corolla lobes < 1 mm wide; seeds generally 1–6 |
| subsp. capitata |
| | 35' Calyx membrane blue-violet; corolla lobes 1–2 mm wide; seeds 10–25 |
| subsp. pacifica |
| | 34' Heads tomentose at base |
| |
| | 36. Heads 12–25 mm wide; corolla pale blue-violet; Sierra Nevada |
| subsp. mediomontana |
| | 36' Heads 20–35 mm wide; corolla bright blue-violet; North Coast |
| subsp. tomentosa |
| | 33' Corolla 7–13 mm, lobes oblong; calyx lobes acuminate, tips recurved |
| |
| | 37. Heads sparsely hairy to glabrous at base; flowers short-pedicelled; s California |
| subsp. abrotanifolia |
| | 37' Heads tomentose at base; flowers generally sessile; especially n&c California |
| |
| | 38. Corolla bright blue-violet; plant with skunk-like odor — n Central Coast |
| subsp. chamissonis |
| | 38' Corolla pale blue-violet; plant not with skunk-like odor |
| |
| | 39. Inflorescence 10–20 mm wide; corolla lobes ± 2 mm wide; Sierra Nevada Foothills |
| subsp. pedemontana |
| | 39' Inflorescence 20–30 mm wide; corolla lobes ± 3 mm wide; Great Central Valley, Inner South Coast Ranges |
| subsp. staminea
|