| | 1. Ovary tip (below hypanthium, above seeds) slender, sterile, 5–180 mm; stem ± 0 (sect. Tetrapteron) |
| |
| |
| | 3. Leaf linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate; petals 5–18 mm; hypanthium 1.6–3.2 mm; plant densely spreading-hairy |
| C. graciliflora |
| | 3' Leaf narrowly oblanceolate; petals 2–3.5 mm; hypanthium 0.8–1.3 mm; plant strigose and sparsely spreading-hairy |
| C. palmeri |
| | 2' Perennial; fruit not winged |
| |
| | 4. Leaf pinnately lobed; plant hairs ± dense, spreading or appressed; hypanthium 4–8.5 mm; stigma > anthers |
| C. tanacetifolia |
| | 5. Plant hairs spreading, dense; pollen > 10% 4-angled |
| subsp. quadriperforata |
| | 5' Plant hairs spreading or appressed; pollen < 5% 4-angled |
| subsp. tanacetifolia |
| | 4' Leaf not pinnately lobed (or plant ± glabrous); hypanthium 1.5–3 mm; stigma ± = or slightly > anthers |
| |
| | 6. Leaf hairs short, erect; fruit subcylindric (swollen by seeds), papery |
| C. ovata |
| | 6' Leaf subglabrous; fruit 4-angled, barely swollen by seeds, leathery |
| C. subacaulis |
| | 1' Ovary without a slender, sterile tip; stem present (or plant immature) |
| |
| | 7. Seed wing thick, with club-shaped hairs; petals white, bases yellow (sect. Chlismiella) |
| C. pterosperma |
| | 7' Seed wing 0; petals white, cream, yellow, lavender, rarely red |
| |
| | 8. Fruit pedicelled, not coiled, twisted, or wavy; seeds in 2 rows per chamber |
| |
| | 9. Hypanthium 4.5–40 mm; plant with cauline, simple leaves (rosette 0 or poorly developed) (sect. Lignothera) |
| |
| | 10. Hypanthium 18–40 mm; inflorescence open; sepals 8–15 mm |
| C. arenaria |
| | 10' Hypanthium 4.5–14 mm; inflorescence dense; sepals 3–9 mm |
| C. cardiophylla |
| | 11. Hairs generally spreading (sometimes some glandular); hypanthium 4.5–12 mm |
| subsp. cardiophylla |
| | 11' Hairs generally glandular (some spreading, nonglandular); hypanthium 9–14 mm |
| subsp. robusta |
| | 9' Hypanthium 0.4–8 mm; plant generally with well developed basal rosette (sometimes also cauline leaves); leaves generally 1-pinnate (sect. Chylismia) |
| |
| | 12. Petals lavender, bases generally yellow, lavender-dotted; rosette poorly developed |
| C. heterochroma |
| | 12' Petals yellow or white (sometimes fading purple or red or bases purple- or red-dotted); rosette well developed |
| |
| | 13. Fruit generally < 2 mm wide, ± same width throughout |
| |
| | 14. Sepals 1.5–4 mm; hypanthium 1–1.5 mm; stigma ± = anthers; inflorescence erect, buds drooping; leaflets < 30 mm |
| C. walkeri subsp. tortilis |
| | 14' Sepals 5–9 mm; hypanthium 3–8 mm; stigma > anthers; inflorescence nodding; leaflets generally < 10 mm or 0 |
| C. brevipes |
| | 15. Flower bud reflexed; petals generally fading red |
| subsp. arizonica |
| | 15' Flower bud not reflexed; petals not fading red |
| |
| | 16. Plant hairs spreading; sepals in bud with free subterminal tips; petals not red-dotted |
| subsp. brevipes |
| | 16' Plant strigose (rarely also with spreading hairs below); sepals in bud without free tips; petals generally red-dotted |
| subsp. pallidula |
| | 13' Fruit > 2 mm wide, wider toward tip |
| |
| | 17. Pedicel and fruit becoming reflexed; petals yellow |
| C. munzii |
| | 17' Pedicel and fruit spreading or ascending; petals white or yellow |
| C. claviformis |
| | 18. Plant spreading-hairy below; free tips of sepals in bud conspicuous; petals yellow |
| subsp. peirsonii |
| | 18' Plant strigose or glabrous below; free tips of sepals in bud 0 or inconspicuous (except subsp. funerea); petals white or yellow |
| |
| |
| | 20. Plant strigose above, also glandular or not; free tips of sepals in bud 0 or short |
| subsp. yumae |
| | 20' Plant glabrous above or glandular-hairy; free tips of sepals in bud 0 |
| |
| | 21. Terminal leaflet ovate to subcordate, lateral leaflets few–many; flower generally opening at dawn |
| subsp. cruciformis |
| | 21' Terminal leaflet lanceolate, lateral leaflets 0–few; flower opening at dusk |
| subsp. lancifolia |
| | 19' Petals white (rarely pale yellow in subsp. claviformis) |
| |
| | 22. Lateral leaflets generally well developed |
| |
| | 23. Plant strigose above, rarely glandular-hairy |
| subsp. aurantiaca |
| | 23' Plant ± glabrous above (or with some glandular hairs) |
| subsp. claviformis |
| | 22' Lateral leaflets generally 0 or poorly developed |
| |
| | 24. Free tips of sepals in bud conspicuous; plant generally strigose above |
| subsp. funerea |
| | 24' Free tips of sepals in bud 0 or minute; plant ± glabrous above or generally with some glandular hairs |
| subsp. integrior |
| | 8' Fruit ± sessile (except some C. kernensis), often coiled, twisted and wavy; seeds in 1 row per chamber |
| |
| | 25. Petals white; flower opening at dusk (sect. Eremothera) |
| |
| | 26. Fruit of ± same width throughout; flowers at lower nodes 0 |
| |
| | 27. Sepals 1.5–2.5 mm; petals 1.8–3 mm; stigma ± surrounded by anthers |
| C. chamaenerioides |
| | 27' Sepals 4–6 mm; petals 3.5–7 mm; stigma exceeding anthers |
| C. refracta |
| | 26' Fruit base wider than tip; flowers at lower nodes present or 0 |
| |
| | 28. Inflorescence erect; petals 0.8–1.3 mm; sepals 0.8–1.8 mm |
| C. minor |
| | 28' Inflorescence nodding; petals 3–7.5 mm; sepals (2.7)4–8 mm |
| C. boothii |
| | 29. Rosette present at time of first flower (spring); bracts not leaf-like, ± inconspicuous; plant ± glabrous (or hairs not spreading) |
| |
| | 30. Fruit 2–3.8 mm wide at base, woody, curved outward but not downward |
| subsp. condensata |
| | 30' Fruit 1–2.3 mm wide at base, not woody, curved outward or downward |
| |
| | 31. Fruit 1.7–2.3 mm wide at base, curved outward |
| subsp. decorticans |
| | 31' Fruit 1–1.6 mm wide at base, generally curved downward |
| subsp. desertorum |
| | 29' Rosette generally withered by time of first flower (late spring, summer); bracts leaf-like, conspicuous; plant hairs often spreading |
| |
| | 32. Plant strigose, also with rarely spreading or glandular hairs; seeds all minutely pitted |
| subsp. alyssoides |
| | 32' Plant hairs spreading, some glandular; seeds of 2 kinds, minutely pitted and coarsely papillate |
| |
| | 33. Plant generally 15–40 cm; cauline leaf lanceolate to narrowly ovate, serrate |
| subsp. boothii |
| | 33' Plant 5–20 cm; cauline leaf narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, ± entire to minutely serrate |
| subsp. intermedia |
| | 25' Petals yellow; flower opening near dawn |
| |
| | 34. Plant straight, slender, erect; leaf sharply pinnately lobed; petal bases ± red-flecked; fruit reflexed (sect. Eulobus) |
| C. californica |
| | 34' Plant not simultaneously straight, slender, and erect; leaf entire to toothed; petal bases with 0–2 red dots; fruit not reflexed |
| |
| | 35. Leaves closely spaced at stem tips; fruit very flat, 5–10 mm (sect. Nematocaulis) |
| C. andina |
| | 35' Leaves well spaced throughout; fruit 4-angled or cylindric, often swollen by seeds, generally > 10 mm |
| |
| | 36. Fruit cylindric, ± swollen by seeds; flowers 0 at lower nodes; leaf generally linear to narrowly elliptic; seeds shiny, often < 1 mm (sect. Camissonia) |
| |
| | 37. Sepals all separating when flower opens |
| |
| | 38. Petals 8–18 mm; sepals 5–11 mm; stigma exceeding anthers |
| C. kernensis |
| | 39. Plant somewhat open, sparsely spreading-hairy, sparsely glandular-hairy leaves not clustered at base; pedical 0–5 mm |
| subsp. gilmanii |
| | 39' Plant compact, densely spreading-hairy, sparsely glandular-hairy; leaves clustered at base; pedicel 3–15 mm |
| subsp. kernensis |
| | 38' Petals 1.8–4 mm; sepals < 3.8 mm; stigma ± surrounding anthers |
| |
| | 40. Rosette 0; leaf subentire; plant ± glabrous or minutely strigose, generally sparsely glandular-hairy, rarely sparsely spreading-nonglandular-hairy |
| C. parvula |
| | 40' Rosette generally ± 0; leaf serrate; plant hairs generally spreading, some glandular |
| |
| | 41. Hypanthium 1.3–3 mm; sepals 2.2–3.8 mm; fruit (18)26–50 mm |
| C. pubens |
| | 41' Hypanthium 0.8–1.6 mm; sepals 1.2–2 mm; fruit 18–32 mm |
| C. pusilla |
| | 37' Sepals generally remaining adherent in pairs when flower opens |
| |
| | 42. Stigma exceeding anthers; sepals 3–8(12) mm; petals (3.5)5–15 mm |
| |
| | 43. Leaf lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, subentire; sepals < 4.2 mm |
| 2 C. sierrae subsp. sierrae |
| | 43' Leaf linear to narrow-elliptic or -oblanceolate, minutely or coarsely serrate; sepals 3–8(12) mm |
| C. campestris |
| | 44. Stem generally erect; leaf minutely serrate |
| subsp. campestris |
| | 44' Stem generally decumbent; leaf coarsely serrate |
| subsp. obispoensis |
| | 42' Stigma generally surrounded by anthers; sepals 1.6–4(5.5) mm; petals 2–7 mm |
| |
| | 45. Leaf entire (rarely with 1–2 small teeth); inflorescence densely minutely strigose |
| C. integrifolia |
| | 45' Leaf minutely serrate (C. sierrae sometimes with only several small teeth); inflorescence hairs glandular to spreading, sometimes minutely strigose and glandular |
| |
| | 46. Leaf lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, base obtuse or rounded |
| C. sierrae |
| | 47. Sepals 1.2–3 mm; petal bases not red-dotted; style 2.8–5 mm |
| subsp. alticola |
| | 47' Sepals 3–4.2 mm; petal bases with 2 red dots; style 4.5–7 mm |
| subsp. sierrae |
| | 46' Leaf linear to narrowly elliptic, base acute or long-tapered |
| |
| | 48. Plant minutely strigose (or some hairs spreading and glandular, or sometimes coarsely spreading and nonglandular toward base); < 10% of pollen grains 4-angled |
| C. strigulosa |
| | 48' Plant hairs spreading, fine (in inflorescence often glandular); > 30% of pollen grains 4-angled |
| |
| | 49. Sepals (3)3.8–5.5 mm; petals (4)4.5–7 mm |
| C. lacustris |
| | 49' Sepals 1.6–4 mm; petals 2–4(5) mm |
| |
| | 50. Leaf generally bluish green; hypanthium 1.2–2.3 mm; plant hairs coarse; generally > 30% of pollen grains 4-angled; widespread |
| C. contorta |
| | 50' Leaf not (or slightly) bluish green; hypanthium ± 1.2 mm; plant hairs fine; < 10% of pollen grains 4-angled; Inner South Coast Ranges |
| C. benitensis |
| | 36' Fruit 4-angled (at least when dry, except C. hirtella), not swollen by seeds; flowers generally at lower (through upper) nodes; leaf generally lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate; seeds dull, often > 1 mm (sect. Holostigma) |
| |
| | 51. Perennial or subshrub; ± coastal |
| C. cheiranthifolia |
| | 52. Perennial; hairs rarely silvery; style 6–9 mm; petals 6–11 mm; stigma generally ± surrounding anthers |
| subsp. cheiranthifolia |
| | 52' Subshrub; hairs silvery; style 13–23 mm; petals (10)12–20 mm; stigma exceeding anthers |
| subsp. suffruticosa |
| | 51' Annual or short-lived perennial herb; inland or coastal |
| |
| | 53. Stigma exceeding anthers |
| C. bistorta |
| | 53' Stigma generally surrounded by anthers |
| |
| | 54. Fruit stout (2.8–3.5 mm wide at base), deeply grooved |
| C. guadalupensis subsp. clementina |
| | 54' Fruit not especially stout (0.7–2.2 mm wide at base), not deeply grooved |
| |
| | 55. > 25% of pollen grains 4–5-angled; very localized species; 2n=42 |
| |
| | 56. Inflorescence hairs nonglandular; 25–60% of pollen grains 4–5-angled — Outer South Coast Ranges (Monterey Co.) |
| C. luciae |
| | 56' Inflorescence hairs both glandular and other types; 70–100% of pollen grains 4–5-angled |
| |
| | 57. Fruit 1.3–1.6 mm wide, subcylindric (when dry ± 4-angled); Outer South Coast Ranges (Monterey, San Luis Obispo cos.) |
| C. hardhamiae |
| | 57' Fruit 1.5–2 mm wide, 4-angled; Channel Islands, Peninsular Ranges |
| C. robusta |
| | 55' < 5% of pollen grains 4–5-angled; localized or widespread species; 2n=14,28 |
| |
| | 58. Fruit conspicuously 4-angled, 1.8–2.2 mm wide — c&s South Coast |
| C. lewisii |
| | 58' Fruit cylindric or weakly 4-angled when fresh, 0.7–1.8 mm wide |
| |
| | 59. Upper petioles < 25 mm; fruit < 5-coiled |
| C. ignota |
| | 59' Upper petioles 0 or < 2 mm; fruit straight to 3-coiled |
| |
| | 60. Plant strigose, grayish — s San Joaquin Valley, Desert |
| C. pallida |
| | 61. Petals 6.5–13 mm; hypanthium 3.8–4.2 mm; style 6.5–10.5 mm |
| subsp. hallii |
| | 61' Petals 2–6.5 mm; hypanthium 1–3 mm; style 2.1–6.5 mm |
| subsp. pallida |
| | 60' Plant not strigose, sometimes grayish |
| |
| | 62. Fruit 0.7–0.9 mm wide; upper leaves narrowly ovate to ovate; stem ascending |
| C. hirtella |
| | 62' Fruit 0.8–1.8 mm wide; upper leaves narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate; stem ± erect or decumbent |
| |
| | 63. Stem generally decumbent; upper leaves generally narrowly lanceolate; inflorescence hairs generally nonglandular |
| C. micrantha |
| | 63' Stem ± erect; upper leaves lanceolate to narrowly ovate; inflorescence generally with glandular hairs |
| |
| | 64. Plant grayish with spreading hairs; hypanthium 2–3.8 mm; sepals 3.2–8 mm |
| C. confusa |
| | 64' Plant with spreading hairs, but not conspicuously grayish; hypanthium 1.2–2 mm; sepals 1–2.5 mm |
| C. intermedia
|