| | 1. Seed 2.5–5 mm wide including 1–3 mm wing; fruit generally > 3 mm wide |
| |
| | 2. Pedicel in fruit erect to ± spreading |
| |
| | 3. Lower cauline petioles winged; basal leaves oblanceolate to widely spoon-shaped, 10–30 mm wide; petals = or ± > sepals |
| A. repanda |
| | 4. Stem 1–3.5 dm; caudex generally branched; basal leaves ± entire |
| var. greenei |
| | 4' Stem 4–7 dm; caudex simple; basal leaves wavy-dentate |
| var. repanda |
| | 3' Lower cauline petioles 0; basal leaves linear to oblanceolate, < 8 mm wide; petals > sepals |
| |
| | 5. Leaf, lower stem whitish hairy; pedicel hairy |
| 2 A. dispar |
| | 5' Leaf, lower stem glabrous or hairy but not whitish; pedicel glabrous |
| |
| | 6. Basal leaves linear, ± 1 mm wide, fleshy, lower surface grooved on both sides of midvein; hairs coarse, generally simple or forked |
| A. pygmaea |
| | 6' Basal leaves narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, > 2 mm wide, ± not fleshy, lower surface not grooved; hairs 0 or multibranched, not coarse |
| |
| | 7. Hairs multibranched, dense on basal leaves, ± dense on upper cauline; basal leaves < 3 mm wide |
| A. pinzliae |
| | 7' Hairs generally 3–5 rayed, ± dense or 0 on basal leaves, 0 on upper cauline; basal leaves > 3 mm wide |
| A. platysperma |
| | 8. Basal leaves glabrous; plant 0.5–2(3) dm; 3000–3600 m |
| var. howellii |
| | 8' Basal leaves hairy; plant 1–4 dm; 1300–3350 m |
| var. platysperma |
| | 2' Pedicel in fruit reflexed or recurved (spreading in A. suffrutescens var. horizontalis) |
| |
| | 9. Leaf, stem hairs ± dense throughout; fruit tip obtuse; seeds 2 rows per chamber |
| A. glaucovalvula |
| | 9' Leaf, stem hairs 0 to dense below, 0 to sparse above; fruit tip acute to acuminate; seeds 1 row per chamber |
| |
| | 10. Anthers exserted; style 2.5–4.5 mm |
| A. constancei |
| | 10' Anthers included; style < 1 mm or 0 |
| |
| | 11. Petals 9–11 mm, cream-white; fruit 2–3 mm wide; seeds oblong, wing on ends, on sides narrow or 0; embryonic roots < 1 mm |
| A. rollei |
| | 11' Petals 5–7 mm, rose to purplish; fruit 3–6 mm wide; seeds round, wing all around; embryonic roots ± 2 mm |
| A. suffrutescens |
| | 12. Fruit spreading to ± recurved; plant 1–3 dm; hairs of basal leaves, lower stems ± dense |
| var. horizontalis |
| | 12' Fruit pendent to reflexed; plant 2–5 dm; hairs of basal leaves, lower stems sparse to ± 0 |
| var. suffrutescens |
| | 1' Seed generally < 2 mm wide including 0–1 mm wing; fruit generally < 3 mm wide |
| |
| | 13. Basal leaves obovate to widely oblanceolate (rarely oblong), rosetted, generally thin, tips generally obtuse to rounded, fruit erect to ± spreading; outer sepals sac-like at base (except A. glabra) |
| |
| | 14. Seeds 2 rows per chamber; fruit ± cylindric; petals cream-colored, rarely lilac; cauline leaves lanceolate to ovate, generally glaucous |
| A. glabra |
| | 15. Stem base hairs spreading to generally ± appressed, generally branched, small |
| var. furcatipilis |
| | 15' Stem base hairs spreading, simple, large |
| var. glabra |
| | 14' Seeds 1 row per chamber; fruit flat; petals white to purple; cauline leaves lanceolate to obovate, rarely or not glaucous |
| |
| | 16. Hairs 0 or on teeth of basal leaves |
| A. macdonaldiana |
| | 16' Hairs at least on lower stems, basal leaves |
| |
| | 17. Petals white to cream-white or pinkish, < 1 cm; pedicel hairs 0, rarely sparse |
| A. hirsuta |
| | 18. Petals 5–9 mm, white to pinkish; cauline leaves generally spaced, lower ± glabrous; fruit ± ascending to ± spreading; outer sepals strongly sac-like at base |
| var. glabrata |
| | 18' Petals < 5 mm, white to cream-white; cauline leaves generally overlapped, lower ± hairy; fruit erect; outer sepals weakly sac-like at base |
| var. pycnocarpa |
| | 17' Petals purple or rose- or pink-purple, 1–2 cm; pedicel hairy |
| |
| | 19. Plant 0.5–2 dm; fruit 2–4 cm, tip obtuse, style generally ± stout — Outer North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area |
| A. blepharophylla |
| | 19' Plant generally > 2 dm; fruit 3.5–6.5 cm, tip acute, style slender or 0 |
| |
| | 20. Lower stem hairs appressed; basal leaves not ciliate, hairs small, multibranched |
| A. modesta |
| | 20' Lower stem hairs spreading; basal leaves ciliate, hairs large, simple, forked, or multibranched |
| |
| | 21. Basal leaves 1–4 cm, ciliate with simple (rarely forked) hairs; cauline leaves 5–15 mm; caudex branched |
| A. aculeolata |
| | 21' Basal leaves 3–8 cm, ciliate with forked or multibranched hairs; cauline leaves 15–50 mm; caudex branched or not |
| A. oregana |
| | 13' Basal leaves linear to oblanceolate, if wider then hairy or fruit reflexed or both, sometimes clustered but not rosetted, ± thick, tips generally acute; outer sepals generally not sac-like at base |
| |
| | 22. Stems, pedicels, leaves grayish white with hairs dense, minute, multibranched; often of deserts or arid mtns nearby |
| |
| | 23. Pedicel recurved to pendent |
| |
| | 24. Seeds 1 row per chamber; cauline leaves oblong to widely lanceolate, ± crowded, often ± toothed or ± lobed |
| |
| | 25. Fruit tip generally obtuse; style 0; petals 7–10 mm |
| A. puberula |
| | 25' Fruit tip generally acute; style ± 1 mm or ± 0; petals 10–14 mm |
| A. subpinnatifida |
| | 24' Seeds 2 rows per chamber; cauline leaves linear, not crowded, entire |
| 2 A. pulchra |
| | 26. Fruit reflexed-appressed, hairs dense, pedicel reflexed |
| var. pulchra |
| | 26' Fruit pendent to spreading, hairs dense or ± 0, pedicel spreading-recurved |
| |
| | 27. Fruit, upper stem, pedicel ± glabrous |
| var. gracilis |
| | 27' Fruit, upper stem, pedicel densely hairy |
| var. munciensis |
| | 23' Pedicel erect to spreading |
| |
| | 28. Style 1–8 mm; basal leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate |
| |
| | 29. Style 1.5–3 mm; seed wing wide; fruit 3–5 cm |
| A. johnstonii |
| | 29' Style 4–8 mm; seed wing narrow; fruit 1–2 cm |
| A. parishii |
| | 28' Style 0–1 mm; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate to spoon-shaped |
| |
| | 30. Seeds 2 rows per chamber, ± unwinged, plump, ± 1 mm wide; cauline leaves overlapped, base ± lobed or not |
| A. shockleyi |
| | 30' Seeds 1 row per chamber, winged, flat, 1–2.5 mm wide; cauline leaves generally spaced, base lobed or not |
| |
| | 31. Seed wing > 0.5 mm wide; fruit 2.5–3.5 mm wide, spreading-ascending |
| 2 A. dispar |
| | 31' Seed wing < 0.5 mm wide; fruit ± 2 mm wide, generally spreading |
| 3 A. inyoensis |
| | 22' Stems, pedicels, at least cauline leaves greenish with hairs 0 to dense, minute to coarse, simple to multibranched; not generally of deserts or arid mtns nearby |
| |
| | 32. Pedicel in fruit spreading to reflexed-appressed |
| |
| | 33. Basal leaves ciliate with coarse, simple or forked hairs; pedicel glabrous, reflexed-appressed |
| A. rectissima var. rectissima |
| | 33' Basal leaves not ciliate, hairs fine to coarse, multibranched; pedicel glabrous or not, spreading to reflexed |
| |
| | 34. Seeds 2 rows per chamber; cauline leaves linear; petals 8–20 mm, generally showy, limbs spreading; fruit hairs dense |
| 2 A. pulchra (see 24' for subspp.) |
| | 34' Seeds 1 row per chamber; cauline leaves generally lanceolate or ovate to oblong, rarely linear or narrowly lanceolate; petals < 12 mm, limbs ± erect; fruit hairs 0 or very sparse |
| |
| | 35. Basal leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate; petals white, ± 4 mm; pedicel widely arched with ± pendent fruit — East of Sierra Nevada, Desert Mountains |
| A. cobrensis |
| | 35' Basal leaves widely spoon-shaped to oblanceolate (linear to narrowly oblanceolate in A. microphylla var. microphylla); petals generally purplish to pinkish, > 4 mm; pedicel generally not widely arched with pendent fruit (except in A. holboellii var. pinetorum) |
| |
| | 36. Pedicel 2–4(6) mm; cauline leaves ± ovate, hairy or not |
| 2 A. lemmonii (see 57. for subspp.) |
| | 36' Pedicel (4)6–20 mm; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, generally hairy |
| |
| | 37. Pedicel in fruit recurved to reflexed, ± straight; fruit generally ± straight, reflexed and generally appressed to pendent (except var. pinetorum) |
| A. holboellii |
| | 38. Cauline leaf base tapered, not clasping stem; plant 1–2 dm; basal leaves < 3 mm wide |
| var. pendulocarpa |
| | 38' Cauline leaf base lobed, often ± clasping stem; plant generally 2–9 dm; basal leaves > 3 mm wide |
| |
| | 39. Pedicel in fruit arched to gently recurved; fruit ± curved; leaf hairs not minute |
| var. pinetorum |
| | 39' Pedicel in fruit reflexed, generally straight; fruit generally straight; leaf hairs minute |
| var. retrofracta |
| | 37' Pedicel in fruit spreading, straight or spreading-recurved; fruit straight, spreading to widely recurved |
| |
| | 40. Stems 1–2(3) dm, many, slender; cauline leaves generally few, spaced |
| 3 A. microphylla var. microphylla |
| | 40' Stems 2–9 dm, 1–several, ± stout; cauline leaves generally many, overlapped below (except sometimes A. perennans) |
| |
| | 41. Basal leaves entire, grayish, hairs fine, dense; stem hairs dense at least below, appressed; pedicel hairs 0 to sparse |
| 3 A. inyoensis |
| | 41' Basal leaves, or at least outer, dentate, rarely entire, greenish, hairs coarse, sparse to dense; stem hairy generally below, spreading, rarely appressed; pedicel hairs 0 or not dense |
| |
| | 42. Outer basal leaves oblanceolate to widely oblanceolate, tip ± obtuse; pedicel slender, 10–20 mm, in fruit glabrous; petals 6–9 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm wide |
| A. perennans |
| | 42' Outer basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, tip acute; pedicel stout, 5–15 mm, in fruit hairy; petals 9–12 mm, 2–4 mm wide |
| 2 A. sparsiflora (see 61' for vars.) |
| | 32' Pedicel in fruit erect to spreading |
| |
| | 43. Lower pedicels in fruit 2–4 cm, glabrous; fruit ± straight or ± curved, seeds 2 rows per chamber |
| A. hoffmannii |
| | 43' Lower pedicels in fruit < 2 cm, glabrous or not; fruit straight or if ± curved then seeds 1 row per chamber |
| |
| | 44. Basal, lower cauline leaves greenish, hairs generally 0 or sparse, simple to multibranched; stems generally 1–several, from generally simple caudex |
| |
| | 45. Fruit < 1.5 mm wide, generally curved; seeds round, ± 1 mm wide; stem hairy below |
| 3 A. microphylla var. microphylla |
| | 45' Fruit 1.5–3.5 mm wide, generally straight; seeds round to oblong, 1.2 mm wide; stem hairy below or not |
| |
| | 46. Seeds 2 rows per chamber, generally oblong, wing generally on 1 side and 1 end, narrower or 0 elsewhere; fruit erect, tip obtuse, rarely subacute; basal leaf hairs narrowly boat shaped, centrally attached, rarely 0; petals white, rarely pinkish |
| A. drummondii |
| | 46' Seeds 1 row per chamber, oblong to round, wing on 1 end or generally all around; fruit spreading to erect, tip generally acute; basal leaf hairs 0 or simple to multibranched, not boat-shaped; petals pink to rose or purplish, rarely white |
| |
| | 47. Stems 3–9 dm, 1–several from simple or branched caudex; fruit ascending to spreading, rarely ± reflexed |
| |
| | 48. Fruit 1.5–2.5 mm wide, margins not wavy; seed 1–1.5 mm wide |
| A. ×divaricarpa |
| | 48' Fruit 2.5–3.5 mm wide, margins wavy; seed 2–2.5 mm wide |
| A. rigidissima var. rigidissima |
| | 47' Stems < 3 dm, several–many from generally branched caudex; fruit erect to ± spreading |
| |
| | 49. Caudex not thick, without old leaf bases; fruit straight; basal leaves not abruptly pointed at tip, not long-petioled |
| A. lyallii |
| | 50. Basal leaves oblanceolate, 3–6 mm wide, tip obtuse to acute |
| var. lyallii |
| | 50' Basal leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1–2.4 mm wide, tip acute to acuminate |
| var. nubigena |
| | 49' Caudex thick, old leaf bases present; fruit ± straight to ± curved; basal leaves abruptly pointed at tip or long-petioled |
| |
| | 51. Basal leaves 3–8 cm, long-petioled, tip obtuse, without a hair; seed round to widely oblong, wing all around |
| A. davidsonii |
| | 51' Basal leaves 1.5–2.5 cm, generally short-petioled, tip acute, often with a hair; seed oblong, wing on 1 end |
| A. tiehmii |
| | 44' Basal, lower cauline leaves grayish or greenish, hairs dense, stellate or multibranched; stems generally many, from branched caudex |
| |
| | 52. Basal leaves oblanceolate, 5–15 mm wide; fruit ± curved |
| A. breweri |
| | 53. Pedicel 3–4 mm, glabrous; fruit 2–3 cm |
| var. pecuniaria |
| | 53' Pedicel 5–15 mm, generally hairy; fruit generally 3–7 cm |
| |
| | 54. Petals 10–13 mm; cauline leaves 2–4 cm; pedicel 10–15 mm |
| A. breweri var. austiniae |
| | 54' Petals 6–9 mm; cauline leaves generally < 2 cm; pedicel 5–9 mm |
| var. breweri |
| | 52' Basal leaves generally linear to linear-oblanceolate, generally < 5 mm wide; fruit generally ± straight (except ± curved sometimes in A. bodiensis, A. koehleri, A. microphylla, A. sparsiflora) |
| |
| | 55. Petals < 7 mm; style generally ± 0, rarely < 1 mm |
| |
| | 56. Basal leaves, lower stems greenish, hairs not matted; cauline leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, ± spaced; pedicel ± glabrous |
| 3 A. microphylla var. microphylla |
| | 56' Basal leaves, lower stems grayish, hairs ± matted; cauline leaves oblong to narrowly ovate, crowded at base (except in A. fernaldiana var. stylosa); pedicel generally hairy |
| |
| | 57. Fruit tip obtuse; style ± 0; cauline leaves with basal lobes |
| 2 A. lemmonii |
| | 58. Fruit ascending to ± spreading; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate to lanceolate; inflorescence in fruit not 1-sided |
| var. depauperata |
| | 58' Fruit spreading to ± reflexed; basal leaves obovate to widely oblanceolate; inflorescence in fruit generally 1-sided |
| var. lemmonii |
| | 57' Fruit tip acuminate; style < 1 mm; cauline leaves with 0 or inconspicuous basal lobes |
| |
| | 59. Fruits ± curved to ± straight, many per stem, spreading to ± ascending |
| A. bodiensis |
| | 59' Fruit ± straight, few per stem, ± erect |
| A. fernaldiana var. stylosa |
| | 55' Petals 7–14 mm; style 0 or < 1 mm |
| |
| | 60. Basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, minutely hairy, grayish, tip obtuse; fruit ± straight; caudex branches not elongate |
| 3 A. inyoensis |
| | 60' Basal leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate, ± coarsely hairy, greenish, tip acute; fruit generally curved; caudex branches elongate |
| |
| | 61. Plant < 3(4) dm; pedicel glabrous; lower stem hairs 0, rarely sparse; caudex with many leaf base remnants |
| A. koehleri var. stipitata |
| | 61' Plant 3–9 dm; pedicel glabrous or not; lower stem generally hairy; caudex without leaf base remnants |
| 2 A. sparsiflora |
| | 62. Pedicel hairs ± appressed, dense; fruit pedicel spreading-recurved; stem hairs ± appressed |
| var. californica |
| | 62' Pedicel hairs generally spreading, dense to ± 0; fruit pedicel ascending to spreading; stem hairs spreading, at least below |
| |
| | 63. Hairs of upper leaves, upper stems ± dense |
| var. arcuata |
| | 63' Hairs of upper leaves, upper stems 0 to very sparse |
| |
| | 64. Basal leaves entire, linear-oblanceolate; pedicel ascending, hairs ± 0; stem generally branched above |
| var. sparsiflora |
| | 64' Basal leaves generally ± dentate, oblanceolate to wider; pedicel spreading, hairs generally spreading; stem rarely branched above |
| var. subvillosa
|