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LILIACEAE

LILY FAMILY

Dale W. McNeal, except as specified

Perennial to trees, from membranous bulb, fibrous corm, scaly rhizome, or erect caudex
Stem generally underground
Leaves generally basal, often withering early, alternate, generally ± linear
Inflorescence various, generally bracted
Flower generally bisexual, generally radial; perianth often showy, segments generally 6 in two petal-like whorls (outer sometimes sepal-like), free or fused at base; stamens 6 (or 3 + generally 3 ± petal-like staminodes), filaments sometimes attached to perianth or fused into a tube or crown; ovary superior or inferior, chambers 3, placentas generally axile, style generally 1, stigmas generally 3
Fruit: generally capsule, loculicidal or septicidal (berry or nut)
Genera in family: ± 300 genera, 4600 species: especially ± dry temp and subtropical; many cultivated for ornamental or food; some TOXIC. Here includes genera sometimes treated in Agavaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and other families.

TRILLIUM

WAKEROBIN, TRILLIUM

Bryan D. Ness

Perennial; rhizome short, thick, horizontal to erect
Stem erect, 1 or more per plant
Leaves 3 in a single whorl, subtending flower, ± ovate
Flower bisexual, 1 per stem, erect to nodding; sepals 3, free, persistent, greenish; petals 3, free, withering, white, pinkish, yellowish, or purple; stamens 6; ovary chambers 3, styles 3
Fruit: capsule, berry-like
Seeds many, ovoid
Species in genus: ± 30–40 species: North America, Asia
Etymology: (Latin: three, from leaves)
Reference: [Freeman 1975 Brittonia 27:1–62]

Native

T. ovatum Pursh

WHITE or WESTERN TRILLIUM


Stem 1–7 dm
Leaf ± sessile, 4–20 cm, acute to acuminate
Flower erect to nodding; sepals 0.5–6 cm, 1.5–45 mm wide, lanceolate; petals 0.5–7 cm, 1.8–45 mm wide, linear to widely obovate, white, aging pink; stamens 1.7–15 mm
Chromosomes: n=5
Ecology: Common. Redwood and mixed-evergreen forest on moist wooded slopes
Elevation: 10–2000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Central Western California
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, Colorado
Highly variable
Horticultural information: DRN, SHD: 14, 15, 16, 17; DFCLT.

Native

subsp. ovatum


Stem 1.5–7 dm
Leaf generally sessile
Flower generally ± erect; sepals 1–6 cm, 2–24 mm wide, lanceolate; petals 1.5–7 cm, 5–45 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate to widely obovate
Ecology: Habitat of sp.
Elevation: 10–1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Central Western California.

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