TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Perennial from caudex or rhizomes, dioecious or flowers bisexual, generally glabrous
Stems 1few, generally erect; branches 0 or few
Leaves generally 14-ternate, basal or basal and cauline, generally reduced upwards, petioled; segments wedge-shaped, fan-shaped, or ± round; upper surface generally green; lower surface pale green
Inflorescence: raceme or panicle, axillary or terminal, generally erect; pedicels generally erect in fruit; bracts simple to 1-ternate
Flower radial; sepals 45, generally green, petal-like or not, often early deciduous; petals 0; stamens 8many, generally > sepals, anthers generally narrowly oblong, tip generally abruptly pointed, filaments generally thread-like; pistils 220
Fruit: achenes, compressed laterally to not, ribbed or veined, beaked
Species in genus: ± 80 species: temp North America, Eurasia, Africa; some ornamental, medicinal
Etymology: (Greek: name given by Dioscorides, Greek physician-botanist)
Reference: [Boivin 1944 Rhodora 46:337377,391445,453487]
Native |
Plant 60200 cm, generally dioecious
Leaves basal and cauline, 746 cm; segments 820 mm, glabrous to finely glandular-puberulent, tip acute to rounded
Inflorescence: panicle, leafy to bracted above
Flower: sepals generally 4, 25 mm, greenish white to purplish; stamens 1528
Fruits 720, spreading to ascending; body 48 mm, side with 13 ± curved ribs, 0 or several wavy veins
Ecology: Moist, open to shaded places, woodland, forest
Elevation: < 3200 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except Great Central Valley, South Coast, Channel Islands), Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Washington, Wyoming, Texas, n Mexico
Some plants in NCoR have some bisexual flowers; vars. in CA difficult, need study.
Native |
Leaf: lower surface (especially upper leaves) generally finely glandular-puberulent (at 20 X )
Fruit: body ± compressed laterally throughout, side obliquely ± ovate to ± obovate, with 23 ribs, 0 veins
Chromosomes: 2n=28,56,70
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 9003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Cascade Range (very uncommon), Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area, Outer South Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Oregon, Wyoming, Texas, n Mexico
Flowering time: MayAug
Horticultural information: DRN: 4, 5, 6 &IRR: 17 &SHD: 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.