TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to shrubs; sap milky
Stems erect, smooth, leafy
Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, ± entire to toothed and coarsely pinnate-lobed; cauline generally sessile, clasping
Inflorescence: heads ligulate, in cymes; involucre swollen at base; phyllaries generally in 3 series, outer many, short-triangular, those of inner 2 series linear, tapered; receptacle ± flat, naked
Flowers many; ligules yellow, readily withering
Fruit generally ± flat, beakless; pappus of many fine, white bristles
Species in genus: 54 species: Eurasia, Africa
Etymology: (Ancient Greek name)
Reference: [Boulos 197274 Bot Not 125:287319, 126:155196; 127:737,402451]
Introduced |
Perennial 415 dm, from long rhizomes that produce both flower and non-flower stems
Leaves: basal 515 cm, entire to deeply lobed, short-petioled; cauline leaves sessile, coarsely lobed and toothed, basal clasping lobes curled
Inflorescence: peduncles 28 cm, glandular-hairy; involucre 1.41.8 cm
Flowers: ligule ± = tube
Fruit 2.53 mm, compressed, 2-ribbed on each face, rough on ribs; pappus bristles ± 4 X fruit
Chromosomes: 2n=54
Ecology: Uncommon. Weed in damp soil
Elevation: < 1800 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, Sacramento Valley, South Coast
Distribution outside California: native to Europe
Weedy.