| TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1–many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1–many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)4–5; stamens 4–5, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):1–28. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual, ± depressed, glabrous to densely hairy
Leaves pinnately lobed or compound; petiole bases wide, ± clasping
Inflorescence: heads disciform, sessile in basal and cauline axils; phyllaries in 1–2 series, green to scarious; receptacle flat, naked
Pistillate flowers: corollas 0; style 2-branched
Disk flowers staminate; corollas 4-lobed; ovary sterile
Fruit flattened, often winged, tipped by a sharp, persistent stylar spine; pappus 0
Species in genus: ± 5 species: South America
Etymology: (Dr. Salvador Soliva, 18th century physician to Spanish court)
Reference: [Cabrera 1949 Not Mus La Plata 14:123–139; Ray 1987 Madroño 34(3):228–239]
| Introduced |
Plant prostrate (< 25 cm diam) to ascending (2–7 cm), softly short-hairy
Stems 1–many, often purple-spotted or dark-colored
Leaves pinnate; leaflets ± palmate, lobes 2–8, narrowly lanceolate
Inflorescence: phyllaries 5–12, 2–3 mm, widely ovate to lanceolate, acute
Pistillate flowers 10–12
Disk flowers 4–6; corollas 2–3 mm, green-translucent
Fruit 3.5–5.2 mm (including spine), ovate-lanceolate, with 0 or 2 teeth above, ± keeled, green to brown, often with tiny purple spots, glabrous to densely hairy, wingless and toothless to widely winged and long-toothed; wings sometimes notched in lower 1/3
Chromosomes: 2n=110–120
Ecology: Disturbed areas, especially hard-packed paths, roadsides, lawns,
Elevation: generally < 1500 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Western California, Southwestern California, expected elsewhere
Distribution outside California: native to S.America
Synonyms: S. daucifolia Nutt.; S. pterosperma (Juss.) Less