TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual to tree
Leaves basal or cauline, alternate to whorled, simple to compound
Inflorescence: 1° inflorescence a head, each resembling a flower, 1many, generally arrayed in cymes, generally subtended by ± calyx-like involucre; flowers 1many per head
Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or sterile, ± small, of several types; calyx 0 or modified into pappus of bristles, scales, or awns, which is generally persistent in fruit; corolla radial or bilateral (rarely 0), lobes generally (0)45; stamens 45, anthers generally fused into cylinder around style, often appendaged at tips, bases, or both, filaments generally free, generally attached to corolla near throat; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-chambered, 1-seeded, style 1, branches 2, generally hair-tufted at tip, stigmas 2, generally on inside of style branches
Fruit: achene, cylindric to ovoid, generally deciduous with pappus attached
Genera in family: ± 1300 genera, 21,000 species (largest family of dicots): worldwide. Largest family in CA. Also see tribal key to CA genera: Strother 1997 Madroño 44(1):128. See glossary p. 25 for illustrations of general family characteristics.
Annual to tree-like, generally ± loosely hairy, becoming ± subglabrous; roots generally fibrous, branched
Stems generally 1few per rosette
Leaves alternate; lower generally petioled; middle generally weakly clasping; uppermost generally bract-like
Inflorescence often ± flat-topped; heads radiate or discoid, 1many; involucre cylindric to hemispheric; main phyllaries in 1 equal series (often subtended by few, much-reduced outer phyllaries)
Ray flowers 013; ligules generally yellow to orange
Disk flowers generally < 40; corolla generally ± yellow; style tips truncate to obtuse, generally hair-tufted
Fruit cylindric; ribs shallow, often stiff-hairy; pappus of thin, minutely barbed deciduous bristles ± = fruit body
Species in genus: ± 1500 species: worldwide; some cultivated, some of unusual form
Recent taxonomic note: *For revised taxonomy of Senecio, see Barkley 1999 Sida 18(3):661672.
Etymology: (Latin: old man, from white pappus)
Reference: [Barkley 1978 North America Flora II 10:50139]
Among largest genera of flowering plants.
Native |
Biennial or perennial herb 27 dm, from button-like caudex; roots fleshy, unbranched
Leaves: lower petioled or tapered to base, 625 cm; blade generally lanceolate, subentire
Inflorescence: heads radiate, 620(30), central head often largest, peduncle shorter; main phyllaries ± 21, sometimes 13
Ray flowers (8)13; ligules 615 mm, yellow or off-white
Disk flowers 2050
Fruit glabrous
Chromosomes: 2n=40,80
Ecology: Grassland, open forest
Elevation: 1503600 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to sw Canada, north-central US, Colorado
Native |
Leaves: petiole often indistinct
Inflorescence: main phyllaries generally < 10 mm, ± strongly black-tipped
Ray flowers rarely 0; ligules yellow
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: 14003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada (except Tehachapi Mountain Area), Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to sw Canada, Wyoming, Colorado
Flowering time: MayJul
Horticultural information: TRY.