SALICACEAE

WILLOW FAMILY

Shrub, tree, generally dioecious (rarely monoecious)
Stem: trunk < 40 m; wood soft; bark smooth, bitter; buds scaly
Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous; stipules generally deciduous, often large
Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves; each flower subtended by disk or 1–2 nectary glands and 1 bract
Flower: perianth 0
Staminate flower: stamens 1–many
Pistillate flower: pistil 1, ovary superior, chamber 1, stigma lobes 2–4
Seeds many; hairs fine, white, cottony
Fruit: capsule; valves 2–4
Genera in family: 2 genera, 340 species: generally temp (except Australia, Malay Archipelago) moist places; many cultivated. Hybridization common; identification often difficult. Family description, key to genera by John O. Sawyer, Jr.

SALIX

WILLOW

George W. Argus

Shrub, tree, dioecious; bud scale 1, not sticky, margins generally fused (or free, overlapping)
Stem: twigs generally flexible and not glaucous
Leaf: blade linear to widely obovate, entire to toothed, generally ± hairy
Inflorescence: dense catkin emerging before, with, or after leaves, sessile or on a short leafy shoot; bract subtending each flower
Flower: perianth 0
Staminate flower: stamens 1–8
Pistillate flower: ovary stalked or sessile, style 1 or 0, stigmas 2, each sometimes 2-lobed; nectaries 1–several, generally rod-like, generally between inflorescence axis and flower
Fruit: valves 2
Species in genus: ± 400 species: ± worldwide, especially n temp, arctic
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name)
Reference: [Argus 1986 Syst Bot Monog 9:1–170; Dorn 1976 Canad J Bot 54:2769–2789]
Difficult, highly variable. Not all specimens will key easily; sprout shoots and other extreme forms are not included in keys, may require field comparison for identification. Studies of variation, hybridization needed.

Native

S. delnortensis C.K. Schneid.

DEL NORTE WILLOW

Shrub < 2 m
Stem: twigs yellowish brown, brittle at base, tomentose or velvety, becoming glabrous
Leaves: young leaves velvety or silky; mature blade 53–102 mm, elliptic to widely obovate, obtuse or abruptly pointed (base obtuse to acute), entire, slightly rolled under, lower surface glaucous, densely tomentose, upper surface sparsely tomentose
Inflorescence appearing before leaves, 15–40 mm, sessile or on leafy shoots < 5 mm; flower bract tawny to pinkish
Staminate flower: stamens 2
Pistillate flower: ovary silky, style 0.6–1.2 mm, stalk 0–0.3 mm
Ecology: Serpentine streamsides
Elevation: 90–500 m.
Bioregional distribution: nw Klamath Ranges (near Gasquet, Del Norte Co.)
Distribution outside California: sw Oregon
Like S. breweri Bebb; may hybridize with S. lasiolepis Benth
Horticultural information: In cultivation.