TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
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Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
Introduced |
Perennial 1060 cm
Stem prostrate to ascending, rooting at lower nodes, stolon-like or not, branched; hairs 0 to rough
Leaves glabrous to hairy; basal and lower cauline petioles 420 cm, blades 1.58 cm, ovate to cordate, generally 1-ternate, leaflets coarsely lobed to toothed; upper cauline leaves smaller
Flower: receptacle puberulent; sepals 57 mm, hairs short, soft; petals 814 mm, 510 mm wide
Fruits 17many; cluster spheric; body 23 mm, sides 1.52 mm wide, smooth, back faintly keeled; beak ± 1 mm, curved
Chromosomes: 2n=32
Ecology: Waste areas, ditches, wet fields
Elevation: < 200 m.
Bioregional distribution: North Coast, Cascade Range, c&s Sierra Nevada Foothills, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, n South Coast, expected elsewhere
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America; native to Europe
Plants with weakly stoloned, erect stems, many petals, probably escaped from cultivated, have been called var. pleniflorus Fernald