TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
Native |
Perennial 320(30) cm, often scapose, generally from stolons
Stem generally erect, simple; hairs 0sparse
Leaves: petioles 1.58 cm, blades 0.52.5 cm, ovate to reniform, generally crenate
Flower: receptacle glabrous to puberulent; sepals 25 mm; petals 58, 48 mm, 23 mm wide
Fruits many; cluster cylindric; body 12 mm, sides ± 1 mm wide, striate to ridged, glabrous, back rounded; beak 0.51 mm, ± straight
Chromosomes: 2n=16
Ecology: Meadows, streambanks, marshes, pond margins
Elevation: 2003200 m.
Bioregional distribution: Northwestern California (except North Coast), Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, e South Coast, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, Great Basin Floristic Province, Mojave Desert
Distribution outside California: to w Canada, South Dakota, Mexico, also S.America
Flowering time: JunAug
Other vars. in Rocky Mtns, Asia
Horticultural information: WET: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 &SUN: 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 17, 24.