TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes aquatic
Leaves generally basal and cauline, generally alternate, simple or compound; petioles at base generally flat, sometimes sheathing or stipule-like
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; sepals generally 5, free, early deciduous or withering in fruit, generally green; petals 0many, free; stamens generally 10many; pistils 1many, ovary superior, chamber 1, style 1, generally ± persistent in fruit as beak, ovules 1many
Fruit: achene, follicle, berry, or utricle-like, 1many-seeded
Genera in family: ± 60 genera, 1700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, tropical mtns; many ornamental (Adonis, Aquilegia, Clematis, Consolida, Delphinium, Erianthis, Helleborus ),some highly TOXIC (Aconitum, Actaea, Delphinium, Ranunculus )
Reference: [Duncan & Keener 1991 Phytologia 70:2427]
Annual, perennial herb, sometimes from stolons or caudices, terrestrial or aquatic; roots generally fibrous
Stem prostrate to erect
Leaves basal and generally cauline, generally reduced upwards, generally glabrous; petiole base flat, stipule-like or not; basal and lower cauline petioles generally long; blades simple to dissected or compound, entire to toothed
Inflorescence: cyme, axillary or terminal, 1few-flowered
Flower radial; sepals generally 5, generally early deciduous, generally glabrous, generally green to yellowish; petals generally 5, generally > sepals, generally white to yellow, shiny; nectar gland near petal base, pocket-like or with flap-like scale; anthers yellow; pistils generally many
Fruit: achene, generally compressed, beaked, generally glabrous; walls thick
Species in genus: ± 250 species: temp worldwide, tropical mtns; some ornamental
Etymology: (Latin: (Pliny) little frog, from generally wet habitats)
Native |
Perennial (5)2080 cm, aquatic, often mat-forming
Stem submersed or floating, branched throughout, rooting at lower nodes, glabrous
Leaves cauline, most or all submersed; submersed blades 1040 mm, 36-dissected, cordate to reniform, segments thread-like, petioles < 1.5 cm; floating or emergent generally 0 or few, like submersed or not
Flower floating or emergent; receptacle hairy; sepals 25 mm; petals 410(14) mm, 12.5 mm wide, white, base yellow or not
Fruits 1050; cluster spheric; body 12 mm, sides 11.5 mm, with transverse, broken, wavy ridges, glabrous to sparsely puberulent, back ± rounded; beak < 0.5 mm, ± straight
Ecology: Ponds, lake margins, marshes, rivers
Elevation: < 2900 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province (except Channel Islands), Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America, Mexico
Varieties intergrade, difficult to separate
Horticultural information: WET, SUN: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.
Native |
Leaves generally << internodes; submersed leaves 35-dissected, segments thread-like, petioles generally flat, wide ± throughout; floating or emergent generally 0 or like submersed
Inflorescence: pedicel recurved in fruit
Fruits 1050
Ecology: Habitats of sp.
Elevation: < 1800 m.
Bioregional distribution: n Cascade Range, Central Coast, n High Sierra Nevada, San Jacinto Mountains, Modoc Plateau
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia, eastern N.America, Mexico
Synonyms: R. subrigidus W.B. Drew
Much like var. capillaceus.