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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
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ROSACEAE

ROSE FAMILY

Annual to tree
Leaves simple to pinnately to palmately compound, generally alternate; stipules free to fused, persistent to deciduous
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium free or fused to ovary, saucer- to funnel-shaped, often with bractlets alternate with sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, free; stamens (0)5–many, pistils (0)1–many, simple or compound; ovary superior to inferior, styles 1–5
Fruit: achene, follicle, drupe, pome, or blackberry- to raspberry-like
Seeds generally 1–5
Genera in family: 110 genera, ± 3000 species: worldwide, especially temp. Many cultivated for ornamental and fruit, especially Cotoneaster , Fragaria , Malus , Prunus , Pyracantha, Rosa , and Rubus
Reference: [Robertson 1974 J Arnold Arbor 55:303–332,344–401,611–662]
Family description, key to genera by Barbara Ertter and Dieter H. Wilken.

POTENTILLA

CINQUEFOIL

Barbara Ertter

Annual to shrub; odor resinous or 0
Leaves generally basal, odd-1-pinnate to 1-palmate or 1-ternate; leaflets ± toothed or lobed, terminal generally ± = lateral
Inflorescence: cyme, generally ± open; pedicels generally ± straight
Flower: hypanthium ± shallow; bractlets 5; sepals generally 5, ± triangular; petals generally 5, generally = or > sepals, generally ± widely obcordate, generally yellow; stamens generally 20; pistils generally many, styles generally jointed near tip
Fruit: achene
Species in genus: 200–500 species: n temp
Etymology: (Latin: diminutive of powerful, for reputed medicinal value)
Reference: [Clausen, Keck, & Hiesey 1940 Carn Inst Wash Pub 520:26–195]
P. anglica Laicharding is a waif from cultivated: stem trailing; pedicels 2–8 cm, slender; sepals and petals generally 4; leaflets 3–5.

Native

P. biennis Greene

Annual or biennial, taprooted, glandular
Stem ascending to erect, 10–70 cm, ± spreading-hairy
Leaf ternate; basal often withered in flower; cauline generally 2–10 cm, leaflets 3, 5–30 mm, ± obovate, toothed ± 1/4 to midvein, ± hairy
Inflorescence few–many-flowered
Flower: hypanthium 2–4 mm wide; petals 1–2.5 mm, < sepals, oblanceolate-elliptic; stamens 10, filaments 0.5–1 mm, anthers ± 0.2 mm; style ± 0.7 mm, tapered from rough-thickened base
Fruit ± 0.6 mm, smooth, whitish
Ecology: Moist shores
Elevation: 1500–3100 m.
Bioregional distribution: High Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains
Distribution outside California: w N.America

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