TREATMENT FROM THE JEPSON MANUAL (1993) |
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Jepson Interchange (more information) |
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©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
For up-to-date information about California vascular plants, visit the Jepson eFlora. |
AND IS MAINTAINED FOR ARCHIVAL PURPOSES ONLY |
Shrub, tree, generally dioecious (rarely monoecious)
Stem: trunk < 40 m; wood soft; bark smooth, bitter; buds scaly
Leaves simple, alternate, deciduous; stipules generally deciduous, often large
Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves; each flower subtended by disk or 12 nectary glands and 1 bract
Flower: perianth 0
Staminate flower: stamens 1many
Pistillate flower: pistil 1, ovary superior, chamber 1, stigma lobes 24
Seeds many; hairs fine, white, cottony
Fruit: capsule; valves 24
Genera in family: 2 genera, 340 species: generally temp (except Australia, Malay Archipelago) moist places; many cultivated. Hybridization common; identification often difficult. Family description, key to genera by John O. Sawyer, Jr.
Tree
Stem: trunk < 40 m; young bark smooth, pale yellow-green to gray; older bark furrowed, brown to gray; twigs with swellings below leaf scars; winter bud generally resinous, scales > 3
Leaves generally glabrous (juvenile leaves may differ from adult leaves); blade 311 cm, elliptic to triangular, veins pinnate or subpalmate, tip generally elongate
Inflorescence: catkin pendent, 38 cm; bract cut into narrow segments; flowers sessile, on a cup- or saucer-like disk
Staminate flower: stamens 860
Pistillate flower: style short, stigmas 23(4), large, scalloped to 2-lobed
Fruit spheric to conic; valves 23(4), 312 mm
Species in genus: 40 species: n hemisphere
Etymology: (Latin: name for plants of this genus)
Native |
Stem: crown slender; trunk < 15 m, highly clonal; twigs greenish white, glabrous; winter buds shiny
Leaf: petiole 2/3 to = blade length, laterally compressed; blade 24(7) cm, widely ovate or wider, base rounded to cordate, tip tapered, margin finely scalloped, surfaces glabrous, upper green, lower glaucous
Chromosomes: 2n=38
Ecology: Streamsides, moist openings and slopes in montane and subalpine forests, woodlands, sagebrush steppe
Elevation: 18003000 m.
Bioregional distribution: Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, San Bernardino Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to Alaska, e N.America, Mexico
Flowering time: AprJun
Horticultural information: IRR, SUN, DRN: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21; INV; also STBL.